When it comes to surnames, people can easily think of surnames. But in ancient times, surnames and surnames had completely different meanings. The reasons are as follows: first, the distinction between men and women is strict, with men calling their surnames and women calling their surnames; Secondly, to distinguish between high and low, the surname refers to his origin, and the surname refers to the origin of his descendants. People from humble origins have no idea of the origin of their own ancestry; Third, we should choose a better wedding room. Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that "the same surname does not marry". After the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, due to the collapse of rites and the influence of war, the boundaries between surnames and surnames gradually blurred, and there was a momentum of unification of surnames, so that there is no boundary at all now, and they are one. China people had surnames before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors (about 5,000 years ago). At that time, it was a matriarchal society, only knowing that there was a mother and no father. Therefore, "surname" is composed of "female" and "born", which means that the earliest surname is the mother's surname. In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, people had surnames and surnames. The surname comes from the name of the village where you live or the tribe to which you belong. "Shi" comes from the monarch's fief, title, official position, or title added according to merits after death, so the nobility has a surname, a name and a surname; Civilians have a first name and no last name. Men and women with the same surname can get married, but men and women with the same surname cannot get married. Because China people have long discovered this genetic law: consanguineous marriage is bad for future generations. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, in 627 AD, Gao Shilian, a senior official, recorded folk surnames and published them to the world as a basis for recommending talented people to be officials or to seek marriage. Hundreds of Surnames, which was popular in the old society of China, was written in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960), including 408 single surnames, 30 compound surnames and 438 single surnames. Later, it was said that there were 4,000 to 6,000, but only about 1000 was actually used. All countries in the world have the saying of "three surnames", and Britain is: Smythe, Jones and Williams; ; The United States is: Smith, Johnson, Carson; ; France is: Martin, Bernard, DuPont; ; Germany is: Schultz, Muller, Schmidt; ; The Soviet Union is: Ivanov, Vasiliev, Detnov; ; In China, there are four most popular surnames, Zhang Wang Li Zhao. They have a long history and are widely distributed, and they are all given by the emperor. According to the latest statistics, there are 100 million people surnamed Zhang alone, which is probably the largest surname in the world. 65438-0977 Historians published a paper on surnames in Oriental Magazine, pointing out that the top ten surnames of China people are: Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, Chen, Yang, Wu, Liu, Huang and Zhou. These ten surnames account for 40% of China's population, about 400 million people. The next ten surnames are: Xu, Zhu, Lin, Sun, Ma, Gao, Hu, Zheng, Guo and Xiao. It accounts for more than 10% of the population of China. The third top ten surnames are Xie, He, Xu, Song, Shen, Luo, Han, Deng, Liang and Ye. It accounts for 10% of the population of China. The next fifteen surnames are Fang, Cui, Cheng, Pan, Cao, Feng, Wang, Cai, Yuan, Lu, Tang, Qian, Du, Peng and Lu, which together account for 65,438+00% of the total population. In other words, among China's one billion people, 700 million people have 45 surnames. Surnames of more than 300 million people are rare, such as Mao, Jiang, Bai, Wen, Guan, Liao, Miao and Chi.