This paper mainly introduces the connotation and main contents of nanotechnology and its application in micro-machinery, packaging and food machinery industries, and studies it.
The development prospect of nanotechnology in the future machinery industry is predicted.
Keywords: nanotechnology; Micro-machinery; Machinery industry; development prospect
1 the connotation of nanotechnology
Nanometer is a unit of length, originally called "nanometer", that is,
10-9(65438+ one billionth) meters. Nanoscience and technology, there are
Nanotechnology for short is a research structure with the scale of 1~
Properties and applications of materials in the range of 100 nm. nanometre
Science and technology are closely related to many disciplines, which is an embodiment.
Frontier fields of interdisciplinary nature. If you study it,
Like or work nature to distinguish, nanotechnology includes three.
Research fields: nano-materials, nano-devices, nano-scale.
Detection and characterization of. Among them, nanomaterials are nanotechnology.
The basis of; Development level and application degree of nano-devices
It is an important symbol of whether mankind has entered the era of nanotechnology.
Pool; The detection and characterization of nano-scale is the research of nano-technology.
The basic methods and important foundations of theory and experiment are discussed.
Foundation. The ultimate goal of nanotechnology is to target atoms and molecules.
Starting point, design and manufacture products with special functions.
The main content of 2 nanometer technology
(1) nanomaterials include preparation and characterization. In nanometer
On the scale, the emission of electrons in matter (quantum mechanics
The interaction between mass and atom will be affected by the size of the scale.
The influence, such as nano-scale structure, can be controlled.
Basic properties of materials, such as melting point, magnetism, capacitance and even.
Color. Without changing the chemical composition of the substance.
(2) Nanokinetics is mainly micromechanics and microelectronics.
Machines, or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS),
Micro-sensors and actuators for transmission machinery,
Optical fiber communication system, special electronic equipment, medical treatment and diagnosis.
Instruments, etc. MEMS uses technologies similar to integration.
New technology of electrical appliance design and manufacture. The feature is that the parts are very
Small, the etching depth usually needs tens to hundreds of microns,
And the width error is very small. This process can also be used to make
Three-phase motor for ultra-high speed centrifuge or gyroscope
Wait a minute. In the research, the quasi-atomic scale should be tested accordingly.
Micro-deformation and micro-friction degree. Although they are still
A family that has not really entered the nanometer scale, but has great potential.
Academic value and economic value.
(3) nanobiology and nanopharmacology, such as in the cloud.
Nano-colloidal gold immobilizes DNA on the mother surface.
These particles are composed of interdigital electrodes on the surface of silica.
Experiment on the interaction of biomolecules, phospholipids and fats
Acid double-layer planar biofilm, fine structure of DNA, etc.
With nanotechnology, self-assembly can also be used in cells.
Put in parts or components to form new materials. new
Drugs, even fine powder of micron particles, are about half.
Numbers are insoluble in water; But if the particles are nanoscale (i.e. ultrafine)
Particles), which is soluble in water.
(4) Nanoelectronics includes electronics based on quantum effect.
Nano-electronic devices, optical/electrical properties of nanostructures, nano-scale
Characterization of rice electronic materials, as well as atomic manipulation and atoms
Assembly, etc. The current trend of electronic technology requires equipment and
This system is smaller, faster and colder. "Faster" means faster reaction.
Come on. "Cooler" means that a single device consumes less power.
But "smaller" is not infinite.
Application of 3-nanometer technology in machinery industry
3. Application of1nanotechnology in the field of micromechanics
With the continuous expansion of application channels of nanotechnology,
The development of micromechanics is in the ascendant all over the world. For example, enter
Automatic detection device for medical machinery and pipelines entering human body.
Needed micro gears, motors, sensors and control circuits.
Wait a minute. Making these nano-products with specific functions
Technical routes can be divided into two types: one is through micromachining and
Solid-state technology, continuous miniaturization of products; The second is the original
Molecules and molecules are basic units, which are carried out according to people's wishes.
Design and assembly to build specific functions.
Products.
3. 1. 1 Fabrication of Nano-machinery by Micro-machining Technology
(1) micromachining. Developed by Fanuc Corporation of Japan.
Multifunctional micro machine tool capable of turning, milling, grinding and EDM.
FANUCROBO nano Ui
Type), which can realize 5-axis control and minimum setting of CNC system.
The unit is 1 nanometer (10-3 micron). The machine tool is equipped with an encoder.
Semi-closed-loop control and laser holographic linear motion.
Full closed loop control. The encoder is directly connected with the motor, and has a circumference.
The resolution is 64 million pulses, and each pulse is equivalent to
The coordinate axis moves by 0.2 nm, and the encoder feedback unit is 1/
3 nm, so the tracking error is within 1/3 nm. Straight line division
The resolution is 1 nm and the tracking error is within 3 nm. Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
Fanuc- 16i is adopted to realize the contour control of Ainano.
System. And use FANUCSERVOMOTORαi servo electricity.
Airborne high-resolution detection device and αi series servo
Amplifier, micro-machining.
(2) Micro robots. In the field of industrial manufacturing, micro
A robot can adapt to precision and micro-operation, especially in
Electronic component manufacturing. Matt company of the United States
Researchers have recently designed a nano-system for assembly.
Build a systematic micro-robot, the length of this robot.
About 5 mm. The researchers say, suppose you can use nano
Manufacturing technology makes the size of this robot shrink continuously.
Its final volume will not exceed dust particles. Japan
Mitsubishi has also developed a miniature industrial robot,
The robot is realized by a five-segment closed linkage mechanism.
The light weight and high rigidity of the arm, its action speed and
Accuracy can completely catch up with special robots. Up and down reciprocating motion
Direction 25mm, horizontal direction100mm.
The required time is shortened to 0.28 seconds. In addition, through mining
Adopt closed linkage mechanism and high rigidity reducer to realize
The position repetition accuracy is higher than that of the previous robot 10%.
(5 nm), which can be applied to precise and fine operation.
China has also made progress in developing micro-robots.
We have achieved gratifying results. According to media reports, by Harbin Industry
The robot developed by the university has reached its operating accuracy.
Rice level, can be applied to molecular biology gene manipulation, and can
Enough to "manipulate" cells and chromosomes, and can be used for trace.
Electronics, precision machining and other fields with high precision requirements.
Show your skills.
(3) Micro motor. Clifford, Ohio USA
A nano-scale micro-motor has been built at Gersey University.
Laboratory, specializing in nanotechnology and its ultra-micro electromechanical systems. Developed by the University of California, Berkeley.
This micromotor is so small that it can only be used under a microscope.
I can see it. German auto parts manufacturer dr.
In the development of nanotechnology sensors, such sensors will
People provide information about all parts of the car in three-dimensional space.
Accurate information about intermediate motion. When the microsensor detects
When the vehicle speed drops sharply, the airbag will be released automatically.
3. 1.2 Fabrication of Nano-machinery by Self-assembly Technology
(1) biological device. Self-assembly system base on molecules
Biomolecular device is a kind of device that completely abandons silicon and semi-silicon.
Conductor-based electronic equipment. Choose a protein.
Protein, as a biochip, can be used to make all kinds of creatures.
Molecular devices such as switching devices, logic circuits, memories,
Sensors and protein integrated circuits. Michelle, USA
Biomolecular Information Group, Medical College, Genworth University, Li.
Using bacteriorhodopsin (BR protein for short) and luminescence
Development of protein molecules with electronic functions by using dye molecules
Integrated membrane, which is a potential field around molecules.
The new logical element to control. Syracuse University, USA
Science also uses BR protein to develop associative energy that simulates human brain.
Central network of power and associative storage devices.
(2) Nano-molecular motor. IBM company of America
Swiss Zurich Laboratory and university of basel Research
The researchers found that DNA can be used to bend the diameter.
One fiftieth of the silicon atoms in hair.
The cantilever bends up and down, and the single-stranded DNA sticks to the top.
Chain. DNA naturally forms a double helix structure, and the double strand is split.
After the opening, they will try to regroup. When researchers will
A "cantilever" with single-stranded DNA is placed in a container containing single-stranded DNA.
In the corresponding single-stranded DNA solution, these two strands
Will automatically pair together, and the small cantilever is like this.
Under the action of force, it begins to bend. Researchers use this
Fabrication of micro-nano valve by biomechanical technology
Capsule (nano-molecular motor). By controlling this driver
The power supply controls the opening and closing of the valve, which can accurately dose the medicine.
Drugs are delivered to the needed parts of the body to achieve treatment.
Purpose.
3.2 application of nanotechnology in the field of packaging machinery
Application of Nano-material Technology in Key Parts of Packaging Machine
Parts (such as bearings, gears, springs, etc. ) for metal surfaces.
The coating treatment of rice flour can improve the wear resistance and hardness of the equipment.
Degree and life span.
Carbon nanotubes also have higher mechanical strength and better mechanical properties.
High thermal conductivity. Because its length is very long-straight
Diameter ratio, can make any complex shape parts, is
Ideal reinforcing fiber for composite materials. The current price is low.
Cheap gears, ceramic bearings, nano-plastics.
Ceramic mosquito killing roller, electric engraving roller and other printing and packaging machinery parts have been
Enter the enterprise and start replacing metal materials. Modern offset press
There are many sensors on the computer, such as the one that controls the Feida paper pile.
Automatic lifting, air pump supply time detection, pressure closing time detection.
Measurement, blank paper detection, ink quantity control, etc.
Nano-ceramics have good wear resistance and high
Strength and toughness can be used to manufacture knives and packaging.
And sealing rings and bearings of food machinery to improve resistance.
Wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can also be used for manufacturing conveying machinery and
Surface coating of key components of fluidized bed.
3.3 application of nanotechnology in the field of food machinery
Nano silicon carbide and silicon
three
N4 is in a wide wavelength range.
It has a strong absorption effect on infrared rays and can be used as infrared rays.
Wave absorbing and transmitting materials are made into functional films or fibers.
Nano-silicon
three
The N4 amorphous block has a color from yellow light to near infrared light.
This selective absorption can also be used for special window materials.
Nano silica
2
The manufactured optical fiber has a wavelength greater than 600 nm.
The transmission loss of light is less than 10 dB/km, and nano-SiO is used.
2
And nano titanium dioxide.
2
Multi-layer interference with micron thickness is manufactured.
Film, good light transmission, strong ability to reflect infrared rays, and traditional
Save electricity 15% than halogen lamp.
It is proved that TiO _ 2 with 30 ~ 40 nm is mixed.
2
minute
Dispersed in resin to make a film with a wavelength of 400 nm.
Ultraviolet absorber has a strong absorption ability for subsequent light.
This material can be used as the best raw material for food sterilization bags and fresh-keeping bags.
Nano silica
2
Photocatalytic degradation of organic matter in water treatment
This technology has no secondary pollution and high purification rate: ①.
Large specific surface area, which can limit organic matter to the maximum extent.
The degree of adsorption on its surface; ② Strong ultraviolet rays.
Absorption capacity, so it has stronger photocatalytic degradation energy.
Force, can quickly decompose the organic matter adsorbed on its surface.
Put it down. This provides a large sewage treatment capacity for food enterprises.
Strong technical support.
Mesoporous solids and mesoporous composites are nanoparticles developed in recent years.
A striking research object in the field of materials science, by
Because of the high porosity of this material (pore size is 2 ~)
50 nm) and high specific surface area, so it is very useful in adsorption and filtration.
And has a good application prospect in the aspects of catalysis, catalysis and the like. Yes, purity
Membrane filtration and disinfection equipment, such as water and soft drinks, are also provided.
Broad development space.
Rubber and plastics are more suitable for packaging and food machinery applications.
More raw materials. But rubber is usually made by adding carbon black.
So as to improve its strength, wear resistance and aging resistance. This product is
Black, not suitable for food machinery. nanophase materials
The emergence of the world solved this problem. New nano-modification
All the indexes of rubber have been greatly improved, especially the aging resistance.
The chemical properties are improved by 3 times, and the service life is as long as 30 years.
On the surface, the color is bright and the color retention effect is excellent. Ordinary plastics
Large output, wide application and low price, but its performance is not as good as that of engineering.
Although plastics and engineering plastics have superior performance, they are expensive.
This limits its wide application in packaging and food machinery.
Use. Modification of common plastic polypropylene by nano-materials
Performance, reaching the performance index of engineering plastic nylon -6.
Good process performance, low cost and wide application.
Development of nanotechnology in machinery industry
prospect
(1) Slip-fit the original parts of machinery and automobile industry, such as shafts.
The application of nano-ceramic coating on bearings and slide rails will lead to undercooling.
Friction interface greatly reduces wear and can increase load.
(2) Low viscosity application of plastic runner: for example, T-shape.
Die, wire drawing die, sleeve and hot runner can effectively reduce products.
Possibility of carbonization of materials.
(3) Mold sticking and short sealing during injection molding.
There are revolutionary improvements in shooting, mirror atomization and drag marks.
Especially on the slider and thimble.
Slippery is better than any metal.
(4) the integrated circuit packaging glue, rubber and foam plastic due to
It has extremely high adhesion, so it must be removed in large quantities.
Molding agent helps demoulding, and the lotus leaf effect of nano-ceramics can
Reduce the use of release agent and mold cleaning time.
(5) The low friction and viscosity of nano-ceramics make
The fluidity of plastics in the mold is greatly improved, especially
High-precision molds, such as thin light plates, plastic lenses and automobile poly.
The defective rate of lampshades and other products after applying molds is
There has been a marked improvement.
5 conclusion
To sum up, nanotechnology has been developing in recent ten years.
The frontier and comprehensive intersection of step-by-step development
This new subject is a combination of modern science and technology.
Products, its rapid development will trigger a new industry in 2 1 century.
Industrial revolution. The research report of American commercial communication company says no.
In the past five years, carbon black has been used in rubber products and ink production.
Fillers will continue to occupy the first place in the demand for nanomaterials. today
In the next few years, the global demand for nanomaterials will be 2.7%.
The growth rate will increase to 20 10 and reach 10.3 million.
Therefore, nano-packaging has great market development potential.
Force. In the past, some advanced equipment in China mechanical packaging industry.
Advanced equipment and technology, mostly relying on imports. nanotechnology
The emergence of mechanical packaging industry in China will be a technological innovation.
Bring new development opportunities. I believe that in the near future,
Nanotechnology will be widely used in various fields of machinery industry.
Field, it will bring great changes to the machinery industry.
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