Potatoes are one of the staple foods in the world. In the United States, since the 1950s, due to the rapid development of convenience foods and the erroneous theory that eating potatoes can make people fat, the consumption of potatoes began to drop sharply. In order to get out of the predicament, American food experts began to conduct extensive research on the development of various potato foods, which made the consumption of potatoes reach its climax again after the 1950s and became the potato kingdom in the world.
At present, the potato food in the United States accounts for about 365,438+0.7% of the entire American food market, with more than 70 to 80 varieties. The food processing rate of potatoes in the United States is above 80%, of which more than 50% is used for the processing and production of quick-frozen French fries. The average annual consumption of potato food in the United States is about 60kg, of which the average annual consumption of fried potato chips is about 9kg.
Since 1990s, with the rise of Asian economy, a new potato food market has gradually formed in Asia. In recent years, the total trade volume of frozen French fries and fried potato chips exported by the United States to Hongkong, Taiwan Province Province, Japan and South Korea has remained above several hundred million dollars. With the continuous expansion of American fast food chains such as McDonald's and KFC to countries all over the world, European and American foods with potatoes as the main raw materials are also popular all over the world, forming a stable market with billions of dollars. In developed countries, potato food has become an indispensable green food in people's daily life.
According to United Nations statistics, the per capita consumption of potatoes in Western European countries is the highest, with an annual per capita of about 90kg, followed by Eastern Europe. The per capita consumption of Latin American countries is relatively stable, while that of developing countries is gradually increasing. The per capita consumption in Latin America and the Near East is about 20~25kg, and that in Africa and the Far East is about 6kg.
The food processing rate of Japanese potatoes is around 70%. Of the 3.5 million tons of potatoes, about 50% is used for the processing of fried potato chips and chips, and 10% is used for the processing of quick-frozen potato products.
1 Development of potato snack food in China
According to estimates by the United Nations Development Programme and the International Potato Center, the direct consumption of potatoes in the world is less than 50% of the total output. China's potato planting area is 4.67 million hm 2, and the annual fresh potato output is 65 million t, ranking first in the world. However, the per capita consumption of potatoes in China is very low, only about 18kg, and 90% of them are fresh. The processing rate of potato in China only accounts for about 4% of the total output. Compared with the statistics of the United Nations, the overall processing level of potato food in China is about 20 years behind the industrialized countries in the world.
China's tenth five-year food industry development plan points out that potato processing industry should be actively developed during the tenth five-year plan, and by the end of the tenth five-year plan, potato whole powder and processed products, starch, special starch, potato convenience food and other products should be established, so that potato processing industry will become a new economic growth point in the central and western regions.
Fried potato chips, composite potato chips and quick-frozen potato chips are three kinds of potato snack foods that are developing rapidly in China.
1. 1 fried potato chips
Fried potato chips are the most common potato food on the market in China, and it is also a relatively fast-growing potato food processing project in China. Relevant investors hope to invest.
In the past 50 years, with the development of science and technology in the world and the continuous emergence of new technologies and materials, especially the rapid development of packaging materials, packaging machinery and packaging technology, the processing and production of fried potato chips has formed a huge industry all over the world. The annual sales of fried potato chips in the world have exceeded $20 billion, and the annual sales of Pepsi food in the United States alone have exceeded $8 billion.
Since the late 1980s, China has imported more than 30 production lines of fried potato chips from the United States, Sweden, the Netherlands and Finland. The total annual production and sales of fried potato chips in China is estimated to be about 40,000 ~ 50,000 t, and most of them are processed and produced by imported equipment in China. Among them, there are only about 10 enterprises with annual production and sales of more than 2,000 t, and there are not many enterprises that use domestic equipment to produce potato chips at present.
Potato products sold in various markets mainly include Xerox chips from Pepsi Food Company, Shanghaojia chips from Shanghai Chenguang Food Industry Co., Ltd., Cardina chips from Beijing Lianhua Food Industry Co., Ltd., Karloff chips from Guangdong Rongshi Family Hong Kong Co., Ltd., and Mr. Zhang chips from Suzhou Mami Dabao Food Co., Ltd., etc. The annual sales volume of Pepsi in Shanghai supermarkets alone exceeds 2,000 t; Kunming, Yunnan is one of the regions where potato food develops rapidly in China. There are more than 10 fried potato chip factories of different scales. Except for Angel Food Company and Children's Food Company, which use imported equipment for production, the rest are ordinary small factories.
Except that the production lines of fried potato chips produced by China Agricultural Machinery Institute or some food machinery factories have a certain technical level, most domestic equipments are relatively backward in technology, with low output, poor quality and high consumption.
1.2 compound potato chips
Compound potato chip is a kind of round potato chip made from potato snow pollen, which is made by Procter & Gamble (P & amp； G company), first invented in 1970, has only a history of more than 30 years. However, because of its unique taste, non-greasy feeling, long shelf life, convenient carrying and mass consumption, it has become a popular snack food in the world. Now, the production of compound potato chips has developed to South America, Europe, Japan, Taiwan Province Province, Thailand and other Asian countries and regions except the United States. It is estimated that the global annual sales of compound potatoes have exceeded 1 100 million yuan.
PLINGLES compound potato chips produced by Procter & Gamble Company of the United States began to enter the China market on 1997. Procter & Gamble has two factories that produce compound potato chips. One is American Jackson, and the other is Belgian mechelen. Both factories produce compound potato chips according to the unified formula and technology. The sales volume of American Pinker brand composite potato chips in China is about 5000 ~ 8000 tons. ..
At present, the main brands of composite potato chips sold in China's market are Pinke (Procter & Gamble, USA), Renren Bao (Beijing Xingyun Industrial Co., Ltd.), Tecuixing (Beske, USA), Baileshun (Paulson, Germany), Boca (Taiwan Province Uni-President/Pepsi Food Company), Mommy (Malaysian Mommy Company), LIFTOFFS (Jinwangde Company, UK) and Yuanyuan (Shantou Economy). Among them, except for two kinds of compound potato chips, Dajiabao and Yuanyuan, which are produced by two domestic companies, Beijing Xingyun Industrial Co., Ltd. and Shantou Yusheng Food Co., Ltd., the rest are imported. The two companies use imported equipment from PAVAN company in Italy and FMC company in the United States respectively for production. Beijing Xingyun Industrial Company has an annual production capacity of about 3,000 tons; The annual production capacity of Shantou Yusheng Food Company is about1000 ~ 2000 tons.
At present, the annual sales volume of composite potato chips in China's market is about 1.0~ 1.5 million t, of which the domestic production in China is about 5000 t.
Compared with other potato foods, compound potato chips have the following characteristics:
1) Composite potato chips are produced from primary processed products such as potato powder and potato starch, and the selection of processing points is not as strict as that of fried potato chips;
2) Composite potato chips are processed and produced by composite technology. Compared with other potato foods, compound potato chips are more flexible than fried potato chips in product shape, variety and specifications, especially in product taste and flavor modulation, oil content control of potato chips and so on.
3) Composite potato chips are mostly packed in hard containers such as paper composite cans. Compared with the same weight of fried potato chips, the packaging containers are greatly reduced and the shelf life is greatly increased. This can not only reduce the transportation and storage costs of products, but also make consumers feel convenient to eat and cater to the consumption habits of most consumers.
1.3 portions of quick-frozen French fries
Quick-frozen French fries are one of the main foods in American fast food. Since 1992 opened the first fast food restaurant selling local food in Beijing, the consumer groups cultivated by local food, KFC, pizza and other fast food restaurants are also expanding rapidly, and the market of quick-frozen French fries in China is also expanding.
Quick-frozen French fries are potato products made from fresh potatoes by peeling, slicing, steaming, drying, frying and quick-freezing. They are very popular fast food and leisure food in Europe and America, accounting for about 65,438+07% ~ 65,438+08% of the whole quick-frozen products.
The United States is the largest producer and exporter of French fries in the world, and its processing volume accounts for more than 50% of the total potato. The processing proportion of frozen French fries in other countries is: 74.8% in the Netherlands; Belgium 55.2%; Sweden 54.3%; 44.3% in the UK; Germany 39%. Japan, South Korea and some Southeast Asian countries and regions are the main consumers and importers of quick-frozen potato chips. In recent years, the import volume in this area has increased by about five times.
At present, there are more than 800 professional fast food enterprises, more than 5,000 chain fast food enterprises and more than 400,000 fast food restaurants in China. The demand for French fries is increasing by 5%~ 10% every year. However, there are only a few producers of quick-frozen French fries in China. Among them, Beijing Simplo Food Company, a joint venture established by American Pacific Company and Beijing Agriculture Bureau, has an annual output of 30,000 tons of quick-frozen French fries. Jin Dadi Industrial Company in Dingxi, Gansu, with an annual design capacity of 1000t. It is understood that Inner Mongolia is calculating the last production line with an annual output of 15000t quick-frozen French fries.
China imports 90% of frozen French fries, with an annual import of about 200,000 tons. The import ports are mainly Shanghai, Shenzhen, Shantou, Tianjin and other ports, which are imported in the form of warehouse tax. The price to China Port is about 7~8 yuan/kg, and the market price is about 10~ 1 1 yuan/kg.
According to statistics, in 1998, China imported 20,000 tons of quick-frozen potatoes from the United States, accounting for15.75 million US dollars; 1999 imports reached 50,000 t, accounting for $50 million.
There is a huge market for quick-frozen French fries in China. Ma Ziyi, vice president of North Asia of McDonald's in the United States, once said that by 2005, McDonald's will open 1000 branches in China, with an annual sales of 50,000 tons of French fries.
The processing and production of quick-frozen potato chips require higher and stricter varieties and appearance of fresh potatoes. The potato is required to be long in appearance, smooth in skin, thin in batch, with few and shallow buds, not brittle after frying, fast in forming, and with a certain proportion of protein and starch. At present, the shortage of varieties and output of processed potatoes in China limits the production and development of quick-frozen potato chips in China.
2 China potato food market development prospects
According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, China's gross national product in 2000 1 year was 9,693.3 billion yuan, and in the first half of 2002 it was 4,553.6 billion yuan, which has exceeded the1trillion dollar mark. The overall average level of China has entered the primary stage of a well-off society. With the development of the national economy, the increase of the distributable part of residents' income will inevitably lead to changes in the national diet structure and eating habits, creating a huge market capacity for the development of the potato food market. At present, there is a huge gap between the per capita annual consumption of potato food in China and advanced foreign countries. If the per capita potato food of 65.438+0.3 billion people is 654.38+00 kg, the annual demand for potato food is about 65.438+0.3 million t, which shows that there is huge market demand and space for potato food in China.
The author believes that the main reasons for the rapid development of potato food in China are:
First, there is a lack of high-quality characteristic variety support. Except compound potato chips, other fried potato chips and quick-frozen potato chips have strict requirements on potato raw materials. Without a certain number of special potato varieties, it is difficult to develop China's potato food processing industry.
Second, there is a lack of a certain number of suitable domestic processing machinery. For a big potato producing country like China, it is impossible to develop potato food processing industry in China without a certain number of processing machinery and a certain technical level. At present, although imported equipment has a high level of production technology, it cannot be accepted by most enterprises and can not be widely promoted because of its high price. To solve this contradiction, we must develop domestic processing equipment.
In recent years, the research on introduction and cultivation of potato varieties in China has made remarkable progress. A number of new varieties of fresh potatoes with high starch, low reducing sugar, good potato shape, suitable for starch, whole powder, fried food processing and export have also been cultivated, such as Neishu No.7, Kexin 12, Longshu No.3, Zhongshu No.5, Neishu No.3, Luyin 1, Dongnong 303 and so on.
In recent 10 years, virus-free seed potatoes have developed rapidly in China, and the planting area of virus-free seed potatoes has reached 250,000 hm2, accounting for about 20% of the total potato area, which has effectively promoted the increase of potato yield.
In addition, many foreign potato virus-free planting companies have begun to enter China. Tenneco Australia will set up a potato seed company with Kunming Huajie Company. German Del Company, a world-famous potato chip manufacturer, began to invest in developing seed potato market in China and cultivate special potato processing varieties.
PepsiCo Group has its own special farms in Hainan and other places to cultivate potato processing varieties.
All of the above can gradually solve the special needs of multi-raw material supply in potato food processing in China.
Potato food processing is a high-profit project. In addition, it can also promote the improvement of potato varieties and yield in potato planting areas, increase farmers' income and promote the development of regional economy, which is of great political and economic significance to the development of the western region.
Potato food is a new processing industry, which has a very broad prospect in China. (
Defendant: r059