Garden art has a long history in China and is an important part of traditional culture in China. Garden architecture occupies an important position in the garden, has its unique spatial characteristics and architectural forms, and is an indispensable part in the architectural history of China. The following is what I collected for you. Welcome to read the reference!

1 Talking about China Landscape Architecture

China gardens are often regarded as abstract art, which is very mysterious and many people can't understand it. China's garden architecture is like a string of exquisite keys, from which almost all the problems of China's gardens can be answered. China landscape architecture pays attention to rules and is flexible; Different styles and mutual integration. It has a long history and keeps pace with the times, which is impressive. New culture and inclusiveness of classical garden architecture in China. Next, based on the gardens in China, this paper discusses the types and characteristics of landscape architecture, and China's thoughts on the development of landscape architecture.

Keywords architecture; Garden; decorate

1 Architectural types of classical gardens in China.

* * * A * * hall

The hall is the main building of the private garden. Wan is used to do things, and the hall originally refers to a big house that is bright in the sun. Because their functions often overlap, they were later called "hall" and "hall". In the layout planning of the garden, we must first determine the location of the hall. Once the location of the hall is determined, the main point of view of the garden is also determined. As the main building in the garden, the hall is used for meeting guests, parties and banquets. Therefore, the location of the guild hall is often in the middle, corresponding to the most important and largest scenic spot, which embodies the idea of "harmony is precious". There are many forms of hall buildings. If the front and rear volumes of indoor space are treated by suspended ceiling, it is often called Yuanyang Hall, which is a common form in China gardens, and the open type is called the four-sided hall.

* * * Two * * * Xuan

Literally, "Xuan" originally refers to the hood of a car. Jiangnan calls the courtyard in front of the building "Xuan". As the general name of buildings, it refers to buildings with three flat sides. If there is no hall in the hospital, you can use "Xuan" instead of "Hall". It can be seen from its openness that buildings like Xuan are mostly located in the open landscape, and there are always scenic spots in the open landscape. Generally speaking, the size of the porch can be large or small, but it will not exceed the hall, nor will it be as small as a "room" or a "den".

* * * Three * * pavilions

Pavilions are usually built near the water or flowers, and consist of surrounding scenery. The plane is generally rectangular, generally open or equipped with window sashes for people to enjoy and look out, while the waterside pavilion is smooth on three sides. In private gardens, pavilions are not very big, and their size must be coordinated with the area of water bodies, while there are many vast water surfaces in royal gardens, and their volume is infinite.

* * * Four * * * exhibition halls

The pavilion is an open small building with exquisite volume and unique shape, which can be built anywhere in the garden. A pavilion literally means a place where people stop to rest. In fact, the simplest building is very common in gardens. It can be said that almost every garden should have a pavilion. Plane shapes are round and square, hexagonal and octagonal, oblique and triangular, and so on. A pavilion with a bucket fan is called a "warm pavilion"; The monument is called "Monument Pavilion"; A well is called Jingting. The middle of the top of the well pavilion must be magnificent, gathering the meaning of the New Year. Jingting appears from time to time in China gardens, which is a form with various cultural characteristics.

* * * Five * * * castles and towers

The architectural form with more than two floors superimposed together is "architecture"; "Pavilion" refers to the setting of the ground floor attic, which can weaken the sense of boundaries and make it more flexible. The volume of buildings and pavilions should be properly handled to avoid the disharmony of spatial scales and destroy the landscape. In the garden, the attic will not appear in the middle position, so a vivid composition is formed, which reduces the requirements for the environmental space scale.

* * * Six * * ships

A boat is a kind of building similar to a boat, built in water or a pool, and only for people to feast and play. The ship is similar to the ship in shape and structure, and is divided into three parts: head, middle and tail. There is a viewing platform at the bow to enjoy the scenery, a rest banquet in the middle and stairs at the tail.

* * * Room 7 * * *

"Room" is a relatively closed private room, which is mostly used as a study and bedroom and is a part of the building. The room has little influence on the external space, but it pursues the characteristics of internal decoration. Rooms often appear in the depths of spatial sequences. Overlapping courtyards care about protecting the privacy of rooms, and small-scale courtyards are most suitable for quiet rooms.

* * * Eight * * * Gallery

In gardens, corridors are important elements to guide shallow swimming. Most gardens are connected with major buildings or classics through corridors. If a wall is added in the middle of the corridor, a corridor will be formed, and a leaky window will often be opened on the wall of the corridor to communicate the two landscapes. Some porches are equipped with ceiling fans, which can keep warm from the wind. There are porches on the upper and lower floors called "Fudao". These porches always appear in the gardens of standard jiaotong university in cooperation with pavilions, and private gardens are rare.

2 the characteristics of China classical garden architecture

* * * A * * * Gardening art is natural and has a strong sense of spatial separation.

China classical garden artists learn from nature, and landscapes and buildings are in line with the natural laws of natural landscapes, that is to say, the separation space of garden buildings breaks through the limitation of limited garden physical space from perspective and makes it come from nature.

* * * Two * * * landscape gardens have both combination and independence.

The mysterious residence of China classical garden architecture lies in its unique scenery, and it can blend into other landscapes at will, or complement each other with other buildings, which is exquisite and changeable. The combination of China's calligraphy and painting makes the landscape architecture have a unique charm, which vaguely reveals an elegant and calm atmosphere.

* * * Three * * buildings, trees and flowers make up "urban forest".

Most of the gardens in China are called urban forests, which is because in cities and even downtown areas, the ancients pursued "seclusion" in the mountains, in the city and in the DPRK. Because of this pursuit, the ancients tried to make the combination of garden architecture and trees and flowers into the "Peach Blossom Garden" in their hearts, making the combination of architecture and plants more mature.

3 China's aesthetic thought of garden architecture

* * * A kind of * * spatial aesthetic feeling.

China gardens pay special attention to the design technique of "seeing the big from the small", and take it as an important measure of garden quality. The so-called "seeing the big from the small" requires that the garden should have rich spatial levels and landscape effects, so there is a saying of "seeing the big from the small". Gardens should arouse people's imagination, empty mountains can be extended in imagination, and buildings can be used to create spaces, such as borrowing scenery, dividing scenery and isolating scenery. And borrowing scenery can borrow neighbors, borrow distant places, borrow others, borrow others. Architecture plays a vital role in the planning, creation and expansion of spatial layout.

* * * Two * * smart and charming beauties.

Ancient craftsmen in China liked to use vibrant animal and plant images in their buildings, which led to the formation of sculptures, while ancient sculptures in China liked to use animal images such as dragons, tigers, birds and snakes, and plant patterns gradually appeared after the Tang Dynasty. No matter carving or painting, it presents a flying sense of superiority. Patterns of clouds and thunder and images of animals with two wings are often used in the group, and it is this touching beauty that has become a feature of ancient architecture in China. Smart charm is not only the interior decoration of the building, but also the image of the whole building, which also highlights the role of a dynamic and unique China garden "eaves" to pray for blessings.

4 Thoughts on the development of classical garden architecture in China

The development of China gardens originated from gardens and mourning halls in the pre-Qin period. Judging from the origin of gardens, they were not originally for entertainment, but had strong practical functions. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, royal gardens played an exemplary role for private gardens. Both Qin and Han Dynasties pursued immortality, so there were a large number of buildings and places serving this purpose in the royal gardens at that time. By the end of the Han Dynasty, the society was in turmoil. With the disintegration of social centralization, royal gardens began to decline. Since the founding of New China, the landscape architecture has not changed its declining trend. Until recent years, the economy of China has developed rapidly. With the rapid development of real estate, the society urgently needs to re-recognize and attach importance to things with cultural connotations, so gardens begin to enter people's understanding. The value of gardens is gradually rising, and some well-known gardens have also declared the world cultural heritage.

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