I caught a little spider from the corner and put it in a box (with holes around it and glass on it for easy observation). Before the spider could weave a web, I picked up a dead bug and a dead fly and put them in front of the spider. The spider ignored them, then hit the box with her hand, and the spider crawled in other directions.
In order to find out whether spiders eat dead flies completely, the next day, I came to the box to observe and saw that dead insects and dead flies were still in their original places, but there was a net in the corner of the box, and the spider was lying quietly on the net. At this time, I thought: Is it because there is no net that the dead flies and insects didn't eat it yesterday? So I picked up the dead fly and gently put it on the net, but the spider still didn't move. Then, I gently touched the edge of the net with my pen. Gee, the spider seems to have a reaction and started to climb in a trembling direction. I took the pen back and the net stopped shaking. The signal was interrupted and stopped. Soon, the spider climbed to the center of the web again. I touched the dead fly's body on the net with the pen tip again, and the net began to vibrate, and spiders began to crawl here. I took back the nib again and the spider stopped. Like last time, after a while, the spider climbed to the center of the web again. Oh! I finally understand that spiders feel by the vibration of their webs and prey by weaving them. So, I recorded the experimental results.
In order to prove that spiders feel through the vibration of their webs, I did another experiment. Put the pen tip on the dead fly on the net and vibrate for a long time. The vibration of the web is getting bigger and bigger, and the spider seems to feel stronger and stronger. Spiders will come in a hurry. When a spider meets a fly, I will take back the pen tip, only to see that the spider's tail will soon spit out sticky silk to tie the fly, and then look at the spider's back, as if sucking the fly. Soon, there was a complete empty shell left on the Internet. This experiment proves that spiders eat moving insects.
Our secret group went to the library and bookstore to consult a lot of books about spiders. Among them, General Zoology wrote that spiders are carnivores, and their food is mostly insects or other arthropods. But your mouth has no upper jaw, so you don't swallow solid food directly, but suck it slowly. When insects and other animals come into contact with the net, they will struggle desperately on the net to make the net silk vibrate, so that spiders will find it soon. Spiders will crawl along the longitudinal silk to their prey, wrap the prey with spider silk and fix it on the net. First, the venom secreted by the poisonous gland in the claw limb is injected into the captured prey to kill it, then the digestive enzyme secreted by the midgut is injected into the captured tissue torn by the claw limb, which is quickly decomposed into juice, inhaled into the digestive tract, and finally eaten the remaining body shell. These fully prove that flying insects make the spider's web vibrate, and the web vibration will make it feel, and the spider will catch its prey if it feels. So it is confirmed that spiders only eat live animals, not dead insects.
How to write a scientific paper
1. What is a scientific paper?
In fact, a scientific paper is a written summary of the achievements made by students through scientific observation, experiment or investigation in extracurricular scientific activities. Its manifestations are various: it can be a conclusion drawn after careful observation and in-depth thinking about something; It can be the conclusion of analysis after hands-on experiment; It can also be a summary after a local investigation; You can also draw conclusions through logical reasoning. ...
Second, the quality standards of scientific papers
1, science.
Scientificity is one of the important characteristics that distinguish scientific papers from other genres, and it is the life of scientific papers. It requires scientific topics, correct research methods, conclusive arguments, reasonable and logical arguments, and concise and accurate words.
2. Creativity.
The topic selection and main viewpoints of small papers should have their own new discoveries and unique opinions, which have certain practical significance to people's production and life. The same small paper has not participated in scientific seminars at all levels, nor has it been published in newspapers at all levels.
3. practicality.
The title of the paper must be discovered by the author himself in scientific exploration activities; The arguments supporting the main points must be obtained by the author through observation, investigation, experiment and other research methods, and have practical basis; The paper must be written by the author himself. There can be no signs of fabrication, speculation or adult substitution.
Third, the types of scientific papers.
Scientific observation paper
Scientific observation essay refers to teenagers' careful observation of something or a natural phenomenon, careful analysis and comprehensive study of the obtained materials and data, and then draw conclusions and make scientific explanations and descriptions.
It should be noted that the research objects in scientific observation papers are objective natural things or phenomena, and the observed objects, processes, conditions and phenomena generated by them cannot be attached with any artificial conditions or personal prejudice. In addition, observation is a long-term, systematic and repeated activity, which requires the patience, meticulousness and perseverance of the author.
(2) Small scientific experimental papers
Essays on scientific experiments, sometimes called experimental reports, are articles that teenagers create specific conditions for the research objects, analyze the obtained materials and data after repeated experiments, and draw comprehensive conclusions. It focuses on the objective description of the experimental process and the scientific explanation of experimental phenomena.
(3) A short paper on scientific investigation
If you want to study the pollution degree of a certain water area closely related to people's lives, the air pollution source in a certain place, and find out the evolution process of a strange mountain, the animal and plant resources and distribution in a certain range, you have to make a field trip. A small paper written through investigation, interview and field investigation is called a scientific investigation small paper. Sometimes it is also called scientific investigation report, scientific investigation report.
(D) scientific explanation essay
Scientific interpretation prose refers to a kind of prose in which the author uses accurate and reliable information to explain and explain a natural phenomenon or thing. Generally speaking, it does not directly adopt research methods such as observation, experiment and investigation, but mainly obtains rich second-hand information from books, periodicals and teachers, and expounds a certain point of view in a language it understands through its own comprehensive analysis and logical reasoning.
I want to remind you in particular, to write a short scientific explanation paper, and never ask a question and look up the information in a hurry, and then write it down without analysis. Such an article without new ideas and new insights can only be regarded as a general popular science article, not as a scientific essay, and it can't cultivate your ability to study problems.
Fourthly, the selection and analysis of small papers.
material
1, direct observation. It is a way for people to observe natural phenomena under natural conditions by looking carefully with their eyes.
Be careful when observing, don't let go of any subtle details. At the same time, the observation should be recorded in detail, otherwise it is impossible to get real first-hand materials.
2. Hands-on experiments. The experimental method is to artificially intervene and control the research object, which is more conducive to giving full play to the initiative of students to reveal hidden natural mysteries than observation.
3. Field trip. Including investigation, visit and field trip. Before the inspection, the purpose of the inspection and the necessary tools, instruments, medicines, daily necessities, etc. must be made clear. Must be prepared. In the process of inspection, it is necessary to record the time, place, process and inspection results in detail at any time and place, and sometimes bring back necessary specimens and samples to take pictures of more important phenomena. These are very useful first-hand information.
4. Get information. Due to the limitation of time, space or objective conditions, it is impossible to observe, experiment and investigate some materials in person, so we have to consult books and periodicals or consult teachers and parents. This indirectly obtained material is called second-hand material. Some problems can't be solved by your knowledge level, ability and conditions. This problem must be solved in your topic selection, so you have to check the information and find out.
(2) Analysis
After obtaining the materials, it is necessary to conduct analysis and research, select materials that can be used as arguments, select the essence according to the arguments, discard the false and retain the true, sort out and analyze according to the scientific attitude, and get your own arguments and opinions.
First of all, we should check the authenticity of various materials. Some of the materials we consult are outdated views, some explanations are only applicable to a certain range, some materials are not universal, some materials are recorded incorrectly or are fictional. This material should be used resolutely.
Secondly, we should pay attention to the typicality of materials, that is, choose materials that can explain the problem, not too much, but fine, and discard materials that have nothing to do with the argument or have little to do with it.
Thirdly, it is an argument to classify the selected materials, study their similarities and differences, and the relationship between them, and then draw a conclusion. The thesis argument comes from the analysis and research of materials, so we can't draw conclusions first and then find materials suitable for proving the argument.
Five, the writing of scientific papers
After sorting out and analyzing the materials, you can start writing. Although there is no fixed format, writing should generally follow the steps of asking questions, making assumptions, researching and analyzing, and drawing conclusions. Generally speaking, scientific papers should include the following parts.
The title is the eye of the article. A good title is precise, concise and attractive, which can give readers a fresh feeling and a deep impression and play the role of making the finishing point.
There are many ways to start, depending on the research content and your favorite writing style, but generally speaking, you should come straight to the point and ask the questions you are discussing. How did you come up with the idea of studying this problem?
Text: that is, analyzing and solving problems. It includes hypothesis, observation, experiment, investigation process, discovered phenomena, judgment, reasoning and conclusion. This is the core part of this paper.
It should be noted that the research steps should be carefully written, the experimental process, data and the origin of phenomena should be clearly written, and the narrative should be in a certain order. The data materials should be accurate and can be designed into tables and charts that can explain the problem. If necessary, photos and collected specimens can be attached to enhance persuasiveness. The conclusions drawn should have their own unique opinions, be consistent with the arguments and have strict logic. Words should be concise and vivid, with distinct levels and clear organization.
Conclusion: At the end of the article, you should write down your conclusions and suggestions on a certain problem. The conclusion is the end, which echoes the questions raised at the beginning and receives good results.
After the first draft of the paper is completed, it will be revised repeatedly. See whether the paragraphs are naturally connected and whether the language is smooth and accurate. Let the classmates and teachers help to revise, and gradually improve after the revision. Finally, take part in small composition competitions at all levels.
Model essay on scientific papers
Can fish talk?
Do you believe that fish can talk? This is an intriguing thing. I wonder if fish can talk.
My family bought two small goldfish, one is all black, and the black one is called Lele, because it is very happy. A red and white name is Xinxin, because it knows how to appreciate. Isn't it fun? They live in a fish tank, which is "unusual". There are mountains, flowers, trees, shells and colored stones. Isn't it beautiful? Let's take a look together!
At about five o'clock in the morning on September 23rd, I was about to breast-feed. I saw such a phenomenon. I spilled fish food into the fish tank, but Lele ate a little and stopped eating.
At 5 pm on September 23rd, I saw the shell in the fish tank turned upside down. Xiao Xin saw it, as if she thought-this little shell was going to die. She swam quickly and reached it with her head. After three or four minutes, I can't reach it. She swam to Lele, swept Lele with her tail, and then touched her head. Lele and Xinxin are together.
Through two observations, I know that human beings have their own expressions and communication languages, and animals also have their own kingdom expressions and communication. This also tells us that if you don't unite, then you will have nothing, and the friendship between friends is really great. At the same time, you should observe more and find more, but you can't hurt small animals just because you are doing experiments on them, because animals are friends of human beings.
Why don't ants get lost?
Ants, I believe everyone is familiar with them. Then who can really understand ants? Why don't ants get lost?
With this question, I consulted some books. According to the book, ants leave some smells along the way after starting from the nest to their destination, and then return to the nest. Touch each other with tentacles and notify other ants. Scientists have done an experiment on this problem. Scientists first identify an ant and vigorously clean up the place where he reaches his destination along the way. When the ant came back, it suddenly stopped at the place where the smell was wiped off. Looking for something while walking in circles. People come to the conclusion that ants can tell their directions by their sense of smell.
In order to confirm this conclusion, I did an experiment. I first prepared a twig about 10 cm, and put the bait-small candy on one end of the twig. I put this device near an ant nest. After a while, an ant came out to explore the road. After I led him to the stick, he went to the place where the sugar was put, as if he were smelling it. I took this opportunity to cut off the broken part of the stick by one centimeter. When the ant came back, it turned left and right where it was cut off, but it couldn't find its way home.
After a while, I repeated the above experiment, and the ants still didn't find their way home.
Through these two experiments, I finally know the secret of ants not getting lost. It turns out that ants can tell the direction by smell.
Knowing the secret of ants, I was thinking: Can you make an ant alarm? When an ant approaches the alarm, the alarm can "smell" the ant and then chirp to let us know that the ant has gone to the cupboard or other places.
"Students, have you brought all the eggshells?" The teacher asked. "I brought it!" We answered with one voice.
In today's science class, the teacher asked us to bring eggshells. What do you do with eggshells? Are you a tumbler? We are all curious.
"Today, we are going to do a small experiment with these two and a half eggshells. Before you do it, please guess, I use this pencil to stab the eggshell vertically downward. Is the eggshell with the mouth up broken first or the eggshell with the mouth down broken first? " "Of course, the mouth is first!" Most students scrambled to answer. "Mouth up first!" My deskmate is determined to go against everyone. The teacher smiled and said, "Well, let's do an experiment to see whose answer is correct."
The teacher called a classmate to the podium and asked him to point the pencil up at the eggshell. At the teacher's command, the students let go of their hands, and the pencil poked the eggshell, but it didn't break. The teacher asked him to try several times, and when the pencil stabbed for the third time, it finally broke the eggshell. Then, the teacher asked him to poke the eggshell with a pencil. "Once, twice, three times ..." Let's count together; But that half eggshell is like wearing armor, and it won't break after being stabbed more than ten times.
"Yes! I guessed right! " The deskmate danced with joy. Although we are not convinced, after many experiments, we found that the same two eggshells, tied vertically with a pencil, are indeed easier to break with their mouths up. The teacher told us that this is because the stress on the eggshell with the mouth up is concentrated, while the stress on the eggshell with the mouth down is scattered, so it is stronger. No wonder all the workers and uncles on the construction site are wearing face-down safety helmets. That's the truth!