Zhang Wei, Analysis and Testing Center of Southwest University of Science and Technology
Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is widely used in environmental analytical chemistry. This paper briefly introduces the application progress of atomic absorption spectrometry in daily environmental monitoring in recent years.
[Keywords:] Atomic absorption spectrometry environmental monitoring application
Atomic absorption spectrometry, because of its high sensitivity, less interference, high precision and accuracy.
It has many advantages, such as fast analysis speed and wide test range, and is widely used in environmental analytical chemistry.
Use. In the late 1980s, the surface water in the Technical Specification for Environmental Monitoring issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau.
Like bioassay, atomic absorption spectrometry is classified as "environmental monitoring"
Standard analysis method of metal elements in measurement technical specifications.
1. Water environment monitoring
Timely evaluate the present situation and development trend of surface water quality, and establish production and life.
Monitoring the discharged wastewater is two basic tasks of routine environmental monitoring. atomic absorption
Spectral analysis is mainly applied to the monitoring of heavy metals in water environment. Long Xianpeng [1] uses flame atoms.
The content of trace copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in water was directly determined by absorption spectrometry, and the content was 0-1.00 mg/L.
In this range, there is a linear relationship between the measured element concentration and absorbance, and the correlation coefficient is not less than 0.9990;
The minimum detection limits are 0.00 1, 0.0 1, 0.0008 and 0.0005mg/L, respectively, and the relative standard deviations are
1. 16%, 1.22%, 1. 15%,1. The test results of standard samples by this method are compared with national standards.
The standard methods are basically the same, and the relative deviation is less than 7.0%. Zhang et al. [2] used diethylamino bis.
Using sodium thioformate as complexing agent and Triton X- 1 14 as surfactant, cloud point extraction-fire method was adopted.
Trace cadmium in water samples was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit was 0.238μg/L and the enrichment multiple was 10.
The quantity is 55 and the recovery rate is 98%-102%; The separation and enrichment method is simple, safe, rapid and economical.
This fruit is satisfactory. Lu et al. [3] used Al3+ to carry out quantitative exchange reaction with Cu (Ⅱ)-EDTA,
By measuring the residual copper in the water phase, aluminum in water and wastewater can be indirectly determined.
On-line enrichment is one of the hotspots in the development of atomic absorption spectrometry. Gao Jiayou [4]
On-line enrichment of Cd2+ in samples was carried out by using xanthate cotton microcolumn, hydrochloric acid elution and flame source.
On-line determination of cadmium ion in water by atomic absorption spectrometry. This method is sensitive when 50 ml of solution is concentrated.
The degree can be increased by 68 times. Chen et al. [5] were modified with cetyltrimethylamine bromide (HDTMAB).
An electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with sequential injection on-line separation and enrichment was established by using clinoptilolite micro-packed column.
Determination and speciation distribution of Cr (Ⅵ) in water: The detection limit of Cr is 0.03 μ g/L,
The accuracy is 3.7%. The method has been applied to the determination of chromium in standard water sample GBW08608, and the results are consistent with the standard.
Quasi-value matching Lengjiafeng et al. [6] chelating resin enrichment-flame atomic absorption spectrometry qualitative analysis
The online enrichment conditions and interference factors of trace copper and zinc in water were studied, and the online enrichment multiple was obtained.
The number reaches two orders of magnitude, and the sensitivity is equivalent to that of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
And the accuracy of determination is improved.
The analysis of chemical forms of trace metal elements is more complicated and difficult than that of pure elements.
In addition to high sensitivity and selectivity, high separation efficiency is required. Combinatorial technology
Technology, especially chromatography-atomic absorption spectrometry, combines the high separation efficiency of chromatography with atoms.
The specificity of absorption spectrum detection is an effective means to solve this problem. Liu et al [7]
Self-designed on-line ultraviolet hydride generation interface, high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet.
Trace elements were determined by on-line digestion-hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HPLC-UV-HGAAS).
Speciation analysis of arsenic includes arsenic betaine, arsenic choline, arsenite (As (Ⅲ)) and arsenate (As(V)).
And the separated macromolecules which cannot be directly used for hydride generation are realized,
The purpose of "on-line" ultraviolet digestion is to form small molecular arsenic compounds. Li Xun et al [8] used electrochemical hydrogenation.
The combination of biogenesis and atomic absorption spectrometry has effectively realized the speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic. exist
Under the current of 0.6 A and 1A, both As (Ⅲ) and As(ⅴ) appear in the concentration range of 0-40μ g/L.
The linear relationship is good. The detection limits of arsenic (Ⅲ) and arsenic (ⅴ) are 0.3 μ g/L and 0.6 μ g/L, respectively. This party
This method has been successfully applied to the speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic in fresh milk.
2. Analysis of soil, sediment and solid matter
Jing et al. [9] used microwave digestion to pretreat the soil to be tested, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used.
Colorimetric determination of zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and chromium in contaminated soil digestion solution. Zinc in the soil,
The relative standard deviations of copper, lead, cadmium and chromium are 65438 0.2%, 65438 0.9%, 65438 0.2%, 5.2% and 65438 0.8% respectively.
This method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and is suitable for the determination of heavy metals in contaminated soil. Lu Wei [10] Mining
Trace mercury in soil was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with suspension sampling platform, and the precision was 0.05%.
5.9%, and the detection limit reached1.2×10-12g. Gong Qingyu [1 1] adopts direct solid injection and matrix modification.
The content of heavy metal lead in soil was determined by feed technology, which avoided the influence of complex matrix in soil.
The rapid analysis of lead in soil samples is introduced. Wang Beihong and others [12] adopted "nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid-hydrogen peroxide"
The soil samples were digested by "hydrogen peroxide" three-acid digestion system and sealed high-pressure digestion tank.
Determination of copper, zinc, lead, chromium and cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that this method is suitable for the determination of soil.
The results of heavy metals determination in soil are accurate and reliable, and the experimental conditions are easy to control, which meets the requirements of environmental protection.
The requirements of environmental monitoring and analysis can be used as a feasible analysis method of heavy metal elements in soil.
Cheng Ying et al [13] digested river sediments with hydrofluoric acid and perchloric acid, and absorbed them with flame atoms.
The method has been applied to the determination of copper in it with good results. Wang Chang et al [14] adopted series connection in the flow injection system.
Anion-cation exchange microcolumn separation, NH4NO3+ ascorbic acid and H2SO4 eluent.
At the same time, Cr (ⅵ) and Cr (Ⅲ) in available chromium in sediments can be simultaneously separated online by reverse elution.
Determination by ionization and atomic absorption spectrometry. When the exchange time was 2 min, Cr (ⅵ) and Cr (Ⅲ) were eluted for 50 s.
The recoveries were 85.4%-94.8% and 96.7%- 106% respectively. This method is different for actual samples.
The recovery rate of chromium can reach 95%. Detection limits and maximum values of chromium (ⅵ) and chromium (Ⅲ)
The relative standard deviations are 0.9μg/L, 6.4%, 2.7μg/L and 3.5% respectively. Wang Xia et al. [15] used cold.
The mercury content in solid waste leachate was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the detection limit was 0.02 μ g/L.
The recovery rate is between 9 1%- 10 1%. This method is simple, rapid and has a wide linear range.
3. Atmospheric environmental quality monitoring
Zou et al. [16] used microporous filter membrane for sampling, palladium or nickel as modifier, and graphite furnace atoms absorbed light.
The detection limit of selenium in the air of residential areas is 3.45ng/mL, and the linear range is 0-50ng/mL.
The recovery rate is 94.6%-102.0%; Among them, arsenic has certain interference to the determination of selenium, while other metal elements have no influence.
The determination not to be disturbed. On this basis, Zou also measured and detected nickel in the air of residential areas.
The detection limit is 0. 1.2 ng/ml, the linear range is 0-35 ng/mL, and the recovery rate is 95. 1- 1%, in which
Other metal elements have no obvious interference in the determination of nickel [17].
Feng Xinbin and others [18] simply transformed the original spectrometer and established two gold amalgam-
The detection limit of the method for determining trace gaseous total mercury in the atmosphere by cold atomic absorption spectrometry is.
The continuous determination of 0.05ng p 100μL saturated mercury vapor shows that its relative standard deviation is
The standard working curve has a good linear relationship in the range of 0-2.0ng Hg. In this way, right?
Guizhou Wanshan mercury mine, Danzhai mercury mine, Qingzhen mercury polluted farmland, Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Total gaseous mercury in the atmosphere is determined by the Institute of Geochemistry and other places.
To sum up, the application of atomic absorption spectrometry in environmental monitoring and analysis has made many achievements.
Results, but the application scope needs to be expanded, such as the study of chemical forms of pollutants needs to be deepened.
First class. In short, with the development of environmental monitoring, atomic absorption spectrometry has other advantages.
The incomparable advantages of this method will surely show a broad application prospect in environmental chemical analysis.
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