3. 1 Research progress of international water resources management

Up to now, there are few documents that explicitly put forward water resources management. According to the new problems and challenges faced by mankind in the development and utilization of water resources and the characteristics of actual water resources management activities, the international community has also conducted a series of discussions and studies on the theory and system of water resources management under the new situation, and reached a certain degree of understanding on some issues. They mainly focus on "the requirements of sustainable utilization of water resources for water resources management activities under the conditions of sustainable development". These research activities have played a very important role in promoting the birth and development of the new discipline of water resources management.

1992 "International Conference on Water and Environment-21Development and Prospect in the Century" put forward the problem of water resources system and sustainable research. 1993 the second international conference on experiment and network data flow situation discussed the hydrological basis and information problems of water resources management. From 65438 to 0994, sponsored by UNESCO, the International Water Resources Association and the International Hydrological Science held an international seminar on "Research and Planning of Water Resources Management in a Changing World". Four topics are discussed, namely, the research prospect of sustainable water resources management, the risks and uncertainties in water resources development, the decision support system of sustainable water resources management and the coordination between water resources development and environmental protection.

1996 "international conference on water resources and environment research: facing the new challenges of 2 1 century" was held in Kyoto, Japan, and the application examples of sustainable water resources system management at basin scale were discussed. UNESCO International Hydrological Program Working Group 1996 defines "sustainable water resources management" as "the management and use of water to support society and its welfare needs from now on to the future without destroying the hydrological cycle and ecosystem integrity on which society depends". [1][ 1] The sustainable management of water resources requires seeking the best connection and coordination among economic development, environmental protection and human social welfare in the planning, development and management of water resources. Compared with traditional water resources management, sustainable water resources emphasize the integrity of water resources management such as future changes, social welfare, hydrological cycle and ecosystem protection, so as to make "water resources management decisions with the least possibility of regret in the future". The World Bank defines water resources management as the comprehensive management of a series of water resources-related fields, such as hydropower, water resources supply and supply facilities, irrigation and drainage. The viewpoint of integrated water resources management should ensure that many factors such as society, economy, environment and technology are considered in the management and utilization of water resources [2].

At the 5th Symposium on Sustainable Management of Water Resources with Increasing Uncertainty held from 65438 to 0997, the management of flood and drought disasters, the impact of water resources development on the environment, hydrological and ecological simulation and environmental risk assessment became important topics.

1998 "98 international symposium on quantity and quality of sustainable water resources" was held in Wuhan to discuss the unified management of water quantity and quality in river basins. From 65438 to 0998, the International Hydrological Society held a "Seminar on Regional Water Resources Management" in the Netherlands, and discussed the experience and lessons of water resources management, the regional sustainable water resources management facing challenges, and the research methods of water resources management.

In 2000, the International Society of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) held a seminar on integrated water resources management in the United States. This seminar mainly discusses the contents and objectives of integrated water resources management under the condition of sustainable development, and exchanges experiences of integrated water resources management. The seminar reached an understanding that a basic principle of future water resources management is unified management of river basins. Unified management of river basin is the unified cooperative management of land resources and water resources in the river basin, and its purpose is to prevent land degradation, protect fresh water resources, protect biodiversity and realize the sustainable utilization of water resources. The basic framework of unified management of river basin water resources is the joint management of government and community public. The meeting held that in order to achieve the goal of unified river basin management, the following points must be achieved: ① complex water resources management activities must be based on effective scientific planning; ② The ability to predict the results of various management activities must be significantly improved; ③ In order to achieve the goal of water resources management, continuous testing and evaluation are needed; ④ The management process of water resources management activities must be transparent and open. (Miguel A. Marino et al., 2001) In 2001year, the International Hydrological Society held the "Seminar on Regional Water Resources Management" in the Netherlands, and discussed the related issues of regional water resources management, including: the experiences and lessons of previous water resources management activities; Regional sustainable water resources management faces new challenges; Research methods of water resources management.

With the research and discussion of modern water resources management activities in international academic circles, in recent years, international academic circles have published a number of monographs on "water resources management activities", most of which are published in the form of papers, and there is little systematic discussion and research on the theoretical system of water resources management from the perspective of disciplines. Nevertheless, these monographs have explored and studied a large number of main contents of modern water resources management activities, which gives us a general understanding of the main theories and specific contents of water resources management activities in international academic circles. And through the author's sorting and classification of some papers on water resources management activities, we can basically understand the current international academic division of the theoretical system of water resources management.

Miguel A. Marino and Slobodan P. Simonovic edited and published the book "Integrated Water Resources Management" in 20001,which included the articles of "Integrated Water Resources Management Seminar" organized by the International Hydrological Society (IAHS) in the United States in 2000. Miguel A. Marino and Slobodan P. Simonovic believe that the goal and content of human activities in water resources management have changed fundamentally since 1980s. The traditional unsustainable water resources management model has not adapted to the requirements of the new situation, while the new management model is still being explored, and water resources management activities are also being explored. The author believes that in the traditional water resources management activities, the rigid management system (including laws, policies and management institutions) is the biggest obstacle to the effective management of water resources. Bureaucracy, irresponsibility and lack of strategic guiding principles of management system lead to inefficiency and lack of foresight of water management system, and refuse to openly communicate and discuss water resources management issues with water resources stakeholders. The biggest challenge facing the new water resources management is how to find a way to realize the long-term sustainable utilization of water resources. To this end, they believe that system reform and system innovation will be an important aspect of the reform of water resources management activities. The new water resources management activities must include the management and protection of water environment, the sustainable utilization of water resources, the distribution of interests among water resources stakeholders and public participation in water resources management decision-making.