Cheng Yantai port union port service company technology equipment department
This paper analyzes the causes of iron ore train loading and unloading under the existing equipment and technical conditions in our port. The main reason is that there is a big gap between the actual weight of empty cars and the weight of cars obtained by our railway company through scanning (that is, marking). And introduced our loading and unloading measures.
Keywords: iron ore loading train loading and unloading track scale metering loader metering
1 Company Profile: United Port Company is one of the backbone enterprises of Yantai Port Group Co., Ltd., engaged in bulk cargo port business, mainly undertaking port business and equipment leasing such as cargo loading and unloading, reloading, warehousing and transshipment. There are 26 berths, including 2/kloc-0 berths above 10,000 tons, with the maximum water depth of-16m and10.5 million tons, and the annual throughput is more than 22 million tons. The total area of the depot is 1.3 million square meters, and there are more than 4 sets of fixed, mobile and special machinery. The railway special line has a total length of 25.8 kilometers, and has a special production line for liquid chemical products and a fully sealed bulk cement production line. It has a modern automatic filling and packaging line for bulk goods and a multifunctional mobile filling and packaging machine, which can fill various commodities and specifications. The daily handling capacity of bulk cargo loading and packing is more than 30,000 tons, and the day and night unloading capacity of large bulk carriers is more than 60,000 tons.
2 Brief introduction of iron ore train loading technology: After the 40-ton portal crane picks up and unloads the iron ore powder loaded with large bulk cargo to the dock shore, it can be directly loaded with American Caterpillar 980G loader, or when there is no train, it can be moved to the site for storage, and then loaded when there is a train.
There are two measuring methods: one is that the loader is equipped with an electronic scale with an accuracy of 2%, and the other is that the train is equipped with a track scale with an accuracy of 0.5. In this way, there will be errors, such as loading 60 tons, the error of loader is 1.2 tons, and the error required by track scale is 0.800 tons.
Question 3: In case of overload, the national railway department requires us to unload the overloaded goods, even if it is 1 kg, in line with the principle of safe driving. If the load is small, we will charge according to the load (that is, the mark). We not only paid more freight, but also wasted wagon resources.
So there is such a situation: the locomotive first pulls 50 cars loaded by the loader through the track scale, knows which cars are overweight and which cars are short of tons, pulls them back, and adds and subtracts loads one by one. When loading, the loader is still used to measure and reduce the load. Generally, eight workers are arranged to shovel the goods into the loader manually, and finally the car is leveled manually. After all these cars are finished, the locomotive pulls 50 loaded and unloaded cars on the track scale, and then knows which cars are still overweight and which cars are still short of tons, and so on until they are qualified.
4 Causes of overload or ton loss:
On October 7th, 65438/KLOC-0, a research group composed of dispatching room, machinery company, railway company, iron ore professional team, safety department, information station, management company and technical department repeatedly carried out weighing and loading and unloading experiments in the yard and No.2 track scale, and the conclusions were as follows:
4. 1 Generally speaking, the main reason for train overload or ton drop is that there is a big gap between the actual weight of empty cars and the weight of trains obtained by railway companies through scanning (that is, marking).
For example, the self-weight of a car's scanned wagon is 22 tons, and the actual weighing wagon is 20 tons. The difference between the two empty cars is 2 tons, and 60 tons should be reloaded according to the ticket. After loading and weighing, the bill of lading shows a gross weight of 80 tons. If the self-weight of the scanned wagon is 22 tons, the loading weight is 58 tons and the load is 2 tons. However, according to the actual weight of the weighing wagon of 20 tons, the loading weight is 60 tons, which meets the loading requirements and does not lose tons. In this case, it will be unfavorable for the company to ship 2 tons more goods to make up the difference between the empty wagons. )
If the self-weight of the scanned wagon is 20 tons, the actual self-weight of the weighed wagon is 22 tons, and the difference between the two empty wagons is 2 tons, 60 tons should be loaded according to the ticket weight. After loading and weighing, the weight list shows a gross weight of 82 tons. If the self-weight of the scanned truck is 20 tons, the loading weight is 62 tons and the overload is 2 tons. According to the actual weight of 22 tons, the loading weight is 60 tons, which meets the loading requirements and is not overloaded. In this case, shipping 2 tons less goods will help the company make up the difference between empty wagons. )
See the following table for comparison between the marked dead weight and the actual dead weight data: (unit of measurement: ton)
Serial number car number scanning self-weight super-balance self-weight empty car difference
1 46 14658 22.3 2 1 1.3
2 4839 192 22.7 22.68 0.02
3 4960 150 22.7 22.56 0. 14
4 4883738 22.7 22.99 -0.29
5 4904257 22.5 22.32 0. 18
6 4979256 22.3 20.52 1.78
7 44 10554 2 1.7 20.53 1. 17
8 14 12432 2 1.7 20.04 1.66
9 45 18 147 2 1.7 19.76 1.94
10 4642889 22.3 2 1.26 1.04
See the following table for the comparison between the weighing weight and scanning weight of empty cars entering the port: (unit of measurement: ton)
1October 7th1:00—1October 1016+08: 00.
Proportion of cars with different skin grades
0 to -0.5 38 1 25% 0 to 0.5 245 16%
-0.5 to-1 333 22% 0.5 to 1 9 1 5%
-1 to-1.521314% 1.5 17 2%
-1.5 to -2 1 16 7%
Below-2,82.5% and above 2,35.3%
Total: 15 18 vehicles 1 125 73% 393 27%
4.2 Other environmental factors:
The distance between the goods stack and the train track is close, which can not reach the specified distance of 9 meters, which leads to the wrong parking space when the loader picks up the goods, and the goods are hard after repeated rolling. Two reasons lead to uneven distribution of goods in the bucket when picking up goods, which leads to inaccurate measurement of loaders.
Due to the measurement requirements of loaders, the road surface should be smooth and the horizontal difference should not exceed 5 degrees. However, in field work, when measuring the loader, the site is often uneven, which leads to inaccurate measurement of the loader.
The electronic scale of 980G loader has been used for 5 years, reaching the maximum service life. The equipment is seriously aging and easily influenced by the environment, which leads to inaccurate measurement of loaders.
4.3 Human factors:
In addition, the habitual operation of individual loader drivers is another reason for train overload or ton drop. For example, when loading a 62-ton train, a single loader driver will load the train with six buckets, and the first five buckets will be loaded according to the standard weighing procedure. However, when the difference is found after weighing in the sixth bucket, no matter how much or how little, he will add or subtract by eyes or experience, and directly load the car without re-weighing, which also causes the train to overload or drop tons.
5 Determination of locomotive weighing speed:
Iron ore 10 truck scale is used for measurement, and 10 truck loader is used for loading. The locomotive traction is tested in three stages: below 10 km/h, 10- 15 km/h, 15-20 km/h, and the locomotive weighing speed is10-15 km/h.
Six suggested measures:
6. 1 Based on the existing equipment and technology, the loading and unloading measures are as follows:
Considering the safety of train operation, never be overweight when loading.
In view of the large error between the actual weight of the vehicle and the paint weight of the car body, considering the actual needs of on-site loading, it is suggested that the computer station make a set of empty car weighing software system and add a microcomputer to the third-phase operation station. In this way, after the empty car is weighed, the system automatically generates the actual loading tonnage of the car after calculating the difference of the wagon weight, and directly transmits it to the third-phase operation station to ensure the accuracy of the loading number.
The data generated by the system are shown in the following table: (unit of measurement: ton)
Scan serial number, car number, ticket weight and gross weight
weigh
Self-weight freight car difference theory
Net weight theory
Actual profit and loss
Actual net weight
Profit and loss rate
1 4952950 63.7 84.88 22.5 2 1.88 0.62 62.38 - 1.32 63 -0.7 14.7
2 4604884 63 84.0 1 22.4 2 1.23 1. 17 6 1.6 1 - 1.39 62.78 -0.22 14.7
3 44340 10 62 82.4 1 2 1.7 2 1. 18 0.52 60.7 1 - 1.29 6 1.23 -0.77 14.8
4 49 18238 63.7 84.66 22.5 2 1.75 0.75 62. 16 - 1.54 62.9 1 -0.79 14.8
5 4905845 63.7 86. 14 22.5 22.66 -0. 16 63.64 -0.06 63.48 -0.22 14.9
6 45 13638 62 82.42 2 1.5 19.68 1.82 60.92 - 1.08 62.74 0.74 14.9
7 140 1 163 62 8 1.8 2 1.7 20.85 0.85 60. 1 - 1.9 60.95 - 1.05 14.8
8 4975424 63.7 85.48 22.5 22.65 -0. 15 62.98 -0.72 62.83 -0.87 14.7
9 4948662 63.7 85.7 1 22.5 22.28 0.22 63.2 1 -0.49 63.43 -0.27 14.6
10 46375 17 63 84 22.3 2 1.75 0.55 6 1.7 - 1.3 62.25 -0.75 14.6
It is suggested that the distance between the cargo stack and the train track should be more than 9 meters when unloading and reversing the ship, so that the loader has enough operating space. When the goods are piled hard, the excavator should be arranged to unload in time, so that when the loader picks up the goods, the goods are evenly distributed in the bucket to ensure the accuracy of the loader's measurement.
It is suggested that the machinery company calibrate the loader scale once a week. Train drivers and enhance their sense of responsibility. The loader driver is required to find a relatively flat site for measurement when picking up the goods. Ensure the accuracy of loader measurement. When weighing to find the difference, no matter how little, you have to weigh it again before loading. Put an end to bad habits.
It is suggested to use crank crane to participate in loading and unloading operations. For example, a train needs to add or subtract 10 cars, which means 10 tons of goods. It takes about 2 hours for 8 workers to shovel the goods into the loader manually, plus the flat car operation. The crank crane only needs two workers to cooperate, and the same operation only takes about 0.5 hours. Shorten the train stop time 1.5 hours. In addition, the relative flexibility of crank arm crane is unmatched by other machines.
See the following table for comparison of loading and unloading machinery and labor:
Staffing (person) Mechanical equipment (vehicle) Workers' salary (yuan) Natural consumption (yuan) Workload (ton) Total (yuan) Working time (hours)
Manual handling cost Worker: 8 Driver: 1 bucket: 1 worker: 5.66 Driver: 2.2 1 loader: 12.73 60 20.6 10.
Handling cost of crank arm crane Worker: 3 driver: 2 bucket: 1 crank arm crane: 1 worker: 2.2 1 driver: 4.8 1 loader: 12.73 crank arm crane: 40.87 60 60.56438
Loading and unloading expenses of crank-arm crane with pounds Worker: 2 Driver: 1 crank-arm crane: 1 worker: 1.4 Driver: 2.6 Crank-arm crane: 40.87 60 44.87 2.5
Remarks: Labor costs are provided by the Human Resources Department and machinery costs are provided by the machinery company.
It is suggested to eliminate and update the weighing scale of 980G loader to ensure the accuracy of loader weighing.
6.2 It is suggested to purchase new equipment and adopt new technology to completely change the loading and unloading situation and shorten the train stop time.