Food safety is a national concern. Most governments in the world regard food safety as national public safety and strengthen supervision. On September 1 2004, the State Council issued "the State Council's Decision on Further Strengthening Food Safety Work" and decided to take practical and effective measures to further strengthen food safety work. Food safety involves many departments, levels and links, and it is a complex system engineering. At present, we should establish and improve as soon as possible: the legal system of food safety; A unified and coordinated supervision system with clear rights and responsibilities; Food safety emergency mechanism; A complete and unified food safety standard and inspection and testing system; Food safety risk assessment system; Food safety credit system; Food safety information monitoring, reporting and publishing network system; Nine systems, including the promotion system of intermediary institutions and research units, promote the overall improvement of food safety.

[Keywords:] food safety; System construction; manage

Bread is the pillar of life. Food is the most basic material condition for human survival and development. In China's national economy, the food industry has become the largest industry. According to relevant data, from 1993 to 1998, the total output value of China's food industry increased from 343 billion yuan to 600 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 12%. In 2003, the total output value of food industry in China exceeded 654.38+0.2 trillion yuan for the first time, far exceeding the total output value of automobile industry of 940 billion yuan. However, the successive vicious food safety accidents in the world and China have aroused people's great concern about food safety, and also prompted governments of various countries to re-examine this issue, which has risen to the height of national public safety, and countries have increased their supervision over food safety.

On April 16, 2003, China State Food and Drug Administration was officially listed, which marked that China's food safety work entered a new stage of combining comprehensive supervision with specific supervision, and also showed the determination of our government to keep pace with the times and do a good job in food safety work. However, since then, negative news about food safety has continued. Through the in-depth follow-up reports of news media, we learned about events such as inferior milk powder in Fuyang, paraffin bottom material in Chongqing hot pot, inferior floss in Taicang, and "fat miscellaneous" Longkou vermicelli in Shandong. According to media reports, a survey on food safety recently completed by the Social Investigation Center of China Youth Daily shows that the recent frequent food safety incidents have aroused widespread public concern. 82% of the public said that these incidents "will definitely" cause their own concerns about food safety around them, 13% said "possible". Compared with developed countries, China's current food safety supervision started slowly and there are many problems. The main reason why China's food safety problems are repeatedly banned is that China lacks a complete food safety guarantee system. We believe that for a long time to come, China should take the establishment of China's food safety guarantee system as the focus and strategic goal of food safety work.

First, basically establish and gradually improve the food safety legal system in China.

According to our preliminary statistics, since 1949, there have been as many as 840 laws, regulations, rules, judicial interpretations and various normative documents related to food safety promulgated by Chinese authorities at or above the ministerial level. Among them, there are 107 basic regulations, 683 special regulations and 50 relevant regulations; There were 7 articles before the Cultural Revolution (before May 1966), 1 before the reform and opening up (before February 1978) and 832 articles after the reform and opening up (after February 1978). 1979 On August 28th, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Food Hygiene Management in People's Republic of China (PRC) (now invalid), and on June 28th, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) promulgated the Law on Food Hygiene in People's Republic of China (PRC) (for Trial Implementation) (1982+065438+1October 9th, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)). These three legal provisions have successively formed the core of China's food safety legal system after the reform and opening up, and played an important and irreplaceable role in China's food safety.

However, with the rapid development of economy, society, science and technology, and the deepening of people's understanding of food safety issues, some aspects of China's current food safety legal system can no longer meet the development needs of today's food safety situation. As the core of the food safety legal system, the Food Hygiene Law has also declined in its guiding role to other laws, regulations and normative documents within the system. The main reasons include:

First, the scope of adjustment of the Food Hygiene Law and other laws and regulations is too narrow. Article 4 of the Food Hygiene Law stipulates: "Anyone who engages in food production and marketing within the territory of People's Republic of China (PRC) must abide by this Law." It can be seen from this article that the concept of "food" in the Food Hygiene Law is narrow, and it does not include the food in cultivation, breeding and storage, and the production, management or use of food additives, feed and feed additives related to food. Food safety itself covers the whole process from farmland to dining table, and the law should reflect the whole biological chain of food in this process. Only adjusting the legal relationship of food safety in the stage of food production and operation leads to a large blind spot of legal supervision, which leads to the lag and ineffectiveness of government departments in supervising many problems such as adding lean meat powder to feed, a large number of pesticide residues, abusing antibiotics, food storage pollution and so on.

Second, the main responsibility of law enforcement determined by the Food Hygiene Law is out of touch with the actual situation. According to Article 3 of the Law: "The health administrative department of the State Council is in charge of the supervision and management of food hygiene throughout the country. The relevant departments of the State Council are responsible for food hygiene management within their respective responsibilities. " 1998 after the institutional reform, China's food supervision is mainly supervised by the US Food and Drug Administration, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Health, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the General Administration of Customs and other ministries, and a multi-sectoral food safety supervision system has been formed. The Decision of the State Council on Further Strengthening Food Safety promulgated on September 1 2004 once again adjusted and clarified the division of responsibilities of relevant ministries. The content of the main responsibility of law enforcement in Food Hygiene Law should be adjusted accordingly according to the changes in reality.

Third, the content of the legal system of food safety is relatively thin, and most of the new situations and new problems of food safety brought about by economic, social and technological development are not involved. Compared with the food safety laws and regulations of developed countries, China lacks a series of important systems to ensure food safety. For example, food safety emergency mechanism, food safety risk assessment system, food safety credit system, food safety information release system and so on. At the same time, there is no clear legal definition of the most important and basic concepts such as "food safety" in China's food safety legal system.

Fourth, the provisions on legal liability for food safety are not strict, the connection is not smooth, and the content is incomplete. Take the Food Hygiene Law as the core of the food safety legal system as an example. In violation of the provisions of this law, the food production and marketing process does not meet the hygiene requirements, shall be ordered to make corrections, given a warning, and may be fined up to 5,000 yuan; Refuses to correct or has other serious circumstances, the health permit shall be revoked. Food hygiene is the most basic requirement of food safety, and those who violate the hygiene regulations should be severely punished. However, according to this law, under general illegal circumstances, fines of less than 5,000 yuan are within the discretion of law enforcement departments, besides being ordered to make corrections and given warnings, not to mention the upper limit of fines is too low. This "possibility" also creates a circuitous space for investigating the administrative responsibility of offenders, and it is very likely that even a fine of less than 5,000 yuan will be lost. When similar regulations are added up, it is inevitable that law enforcement is weak.

For another example, Article 39 of the Food Hygiene Law stipulates that anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, produces and sells food that does not meet the hygiene standards, causing serious food poisoning accidents or other serious food-borne diseases and causing serious harm to human health, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. According to Article 143 of the Criminal Law, the production and sale of food that does not meet the hygiene standards, as long as it is enough to cause serious food poisoning accidents or other serious food-borne diseases, constitutes a crime and should be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. From the comparison between the two, it can be seen that on the same charge, the Food Hygiene Law requires that the illegal act has the consequences of causing personal injury to constitute a crime, while the Criminal Law emphasizes that the illegal act only constitutes a crime when it has the danger of endangering personal health. The inconsistency between the two scales will often lead the administrative law enforcement departments to make a decision not to transfer the criminal responsibility of the parties according to the Food Hygiene Law when dealing with the above-mentioned illegal acts that are enough to cause serious food poisoning accidents or other serious food-borne diseases, and to replace criminal investigation with administrative punishment. The disunity of law convergence has given the owners of illegal food a breathing space, lightened the punishment of law, and delayed the judicial organs to investigate the criminal responsibility of the parties again. The main reason is that the food hygiene law was revised before, and then the criminal law was revised. During this period, both food safety issues and the state's emphasis on food safety were intensified, and the revision of the criminal law complied with the requirements of food safety at that time. It can be seen that the lag of the Food Hygiene Law has already appeared.

Fifth, the current food safety legal system is still lacking in implementing the supervision responsibility and dereliction of duty accountability mechanism of food safety supervision organs and their staff.

To sum up, in the process of establishing China's food safety legal system, we must first organize the revision of the Food Hygiene Law. There are still different opinions on whether to amend the Food Hygiene Law to the Food Safety Law. We believe that food hygiene is only part of the food safety problem. No matter from the name of the law or the content of the law itself, the legal system of food safety should be built around the core of "food safety". There are two suggestions: first, rename the Food Hygiene Law as the Food Safety Law, and make a comprehensive revision and supplement; The other is to re-enact the basic law of food safety, which is the "mother law" in the field of food safety. Its basic contents should at least include the following aspects: (1) Objective: To promote and ensure food safety in an all-round way. (2) Definition: Define the legal meanings of terms such as "food" and "food safety". (3) Scope of food safety supervision: The state supervises food safety from farmland to table. (4) Supervision system: put forward the basic supervision framework and functions of all parties in the form of law. (5) Principles of food safety supervision: safeguarding people's health, paying attention to scientific basis, paying equal attention to control and prevention, being open, objective and fair, and so on. (6) Food safety responsibilities of other social classes. Mainly food production and operation enterprises, including food-related industries, food industry associations and consumers. (7) Emergency treatment. (8) Standard testing, including market access. (9) Safety risk assessment. (10) credit system. (1 1) food safety information network. (12) Publicity and education. (13) Promotion of trade associations and research institutions. (14) Legal liability. Emphasize the illegal responsibility of the regulatory body, do a good job of connecting with the criminal law, and set severe penalties for illegal food producers and operators.

The dignity of the law is enforced, not made. No matter how strict and perfect the law is, it must be correctly implemented by government functional departments at all levels in order to truly play its powerful normative role in ensuring food safety. If administrative law enforcement departments do not strictly enforce the law or misunderstand and apply food safety laws and regulations for various reasons, even if these laws and regulations are perfected, they will not produce the expected results. In today's food safety supervision, the problem of poor law enforcement is unavoidable. From some cases we know and study, it is not surprising that many food safety accidents are caused by dereliction of duty or poor law enforcement, coupled with local protectionism. Therefore, "disobeying laws, lax enforcement, and not investigating violations" has become a stubborn disease in the law enforcement of food safety supervision departments in China. The reason is nothing more than the weak understanding and application ability of law enforcement officers, the "human case" caused by various feelings and pressures, and some law enforcement officers abuse power for personal gain and local protection. To realize administration according to law, we must attach importance to the legal training and ideological and moral education of law enforcement personnel, formulate strict work discipline and internal examination and approval procedures, improve the accountability mechanism of administrative law enforcement personnel, establish a collective decision-making system for major cases, and continuously strengthen law enforcement supervision so as to implement laws and regulations.

Two, establish and improve a clear, unified and coordinated food safety supervision system.

While continuing the historical practice, China's current food safety supervision system should learn from countries with effective management systems, make the supervision system relatively coordinated and centralized, and gradually create a new model of scientific and coordinated food safety supervision in China. For a long time, China has implemented multi-head management of food. On the one hand, the responsibilities of various departments overlap in law enforcement, on the other hand, there is a vague or vacuum zone, which creates an opportunity for criminals. In this way, China's food safety is "managed but not well", which also creates an excuse for rent-seeking in some departments. On March 6th, 2003, the State Council announced the establishment of the State Food and Drug Administration on the basis of the former State Pharmaceutical Products Administration. Its intention is obvious, and it is hoped that the US Food and Drug Administration will play a coordinating role in the case of multiple policies. However, due to the management framework, division of responsibilities, administrative costs, departmental coordination and many other reasons, it is not optimistic to solve the problem of food safety supervision system in a short time. Some scholars believe that multi-head management should be changed and developed in a relatively centralized and unified direction. We believe that it is impossible and unnecessary to unify the supervision of food safety in one or two departments because of the long industrial chain of food, the large geographical scope of China and the extremely unbalanced level of productivity development. At present, efforts should be made to solve the situation that the responsibilities of food supervision are too scattered, to concentrate the functions of food safety supervision relatively, to further clarify the powers and responsibilities, and to improve the efficiency of supervision and reduce administrative costs by establishing an efficient and authoritative coordination mechanism.

First, we can consider making a breakthrough in the management structure of the current inter-ministerial joint coordination meeting of food safety, such as setting up the Food Safety Committee of the State Council to conduct unified and coordinated management of relevant departments involved in national food safety, and completely change the current situation that relevant administrative departments are fragmented, ineffective in coordination, repetitive in management and ineffective in law enforcement. The Food Safety Committee of the State Council is chaired by Premier the State Council or Vice Premier, and the leaders or competent leaders of the US Food and Drug Administration, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Health, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs and other relevant ministries and commissions all become members of the Committee (the top leaders of ministerial-level units with great relations can serve as the deputy directors of the Committee). The Secretary-General of the Committee (or executive deputy director) and the office or secretariat of the Committee may be located in a certain department (bureau or office) to undertake the specific work of the Committee. The main duties of the Food Safety Committee are: (1) to review the laws and regulations related to food safety or the implementation rules; (two) to study and determine the major policies to strengthen food safety; (three) to consider the overall development plan and plan of the national food safety work; (four) to decide on major issues that need to be reported to the State Council; (5) Supervise the implementation of plans, schemes and related major work; (six) to coordinate the food safety work between departments and localities, and organize the investigation and handling of major accidents; (7) Guide all departments, regions and the whole society to support and participate in food safety publicity, and promote the safe and healthy development of food. In addition, all provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should set up institutions corresponding to the Food Safety Committee of the State Council.

The second is to further explore a variety of business models, combining variety management with "business division" management, so that the centralized management chain and small-span varieties are managed by the first and second departments. For the management that needs "division of labor", it is necessary to clarify the boundaries and ways and means of convergence, especially the communication and sharing of information, so as to avoid overlapping functions as much as possible.

Third, establish a relatively perfect food safety emergency system.

At present, China has not yet established a relatively perfect food safety emergency handling system in food safety supervision. From a practical point of view, once a food safety accident occurs, it is often the supervision department that rushes to deal with it afterwards, and the relevant departments rush to hold a joint meeting to determine each other's responsibilities, division of labor and work steps. This kind of emergency treatment after the event can no longer control the increasingly complex food safety accidents in time, nor can it meet the public's expectation of the government to handle such accidents efficiently, and it is more likely to lead to mutual shirking between departments and slow and ineffective information communication. Establishing and constantly improving the food safety emergency mechanism will not only help to solve the above problems, but also help to strengthen the team building of food safety law enforcement departments.

The process of food safety emergency management includes three stages (before, during and after the accident), and corresponding emergency management mechanism needs to be established in each stage. The establishment of emergency management mechanism should focus on five main links: emergency information collection, emergency prevention preparation, emergency drill, damage control and post-event recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to establish emergency planning system, emergency training system, emergency guidance system, emergency command center (including decision makers and think tanks, emergency teams and emergency experts), emergency monitoring system and emergency resource management system. The management activities before the accident should try to solve the accident before the accident breaks out. In the event of an accident, management activities should pay attention to control the harm to a minimum. After the accident, management activities focus on restoring the original state and drawing lessons. At present, Beijing, Anhui, Huainan, Shenyang and other places have or will soon issue emergency plans for major food safety accidents. Undeniably, the emergency plan can play a positive role in controlling, reducing and eliminating the harm of food emergencies in time and ensuring people's life safety and health. However, the food safety emergency plan is different from the food safety emergency handling mechanism. Combined with the previous analysis, their main differences are: "plan" is handled afterwards, and "mechanism" is managed before, during and after the event in a system; The "preplan" is changeable and the "mechanism" is long-term stable. The "plan" is guaranteed by prior communication, and the "mechanism" is guaranteed by system construction; The "preplan" emphasizes the division of labor and functions, and the "mechanism" emphasizes cooperation and responsibility; The "plan" varies from place to place, while the "mechanism" should be unified throughout the country, which is convenient for issuing orders and reporting information. It is suggested that on the basis of the existing emergency plans in various places, we should gradually sum up the relevant experience at home and abroad, form a relatively perfect and systematic food safety emergency mechanism at the national level, and implement it uniformly throughout the country.

The premise of establishing food safety emergency mechanism is that there are laws to follow. Therefore, while establishing a food safety emergency response mechanism, the state should step up the introduction of relevant laws and regulations, clarify the legal responsibilities of all departments and their responsible persons in the emergency response mechanism, and investigate the legal responsibilities for subjective and intentional concealment, inaction and concealment of information.

Four, improve the unified and comprehensive food safety standards and inspection and testing system.

1. Improve the food safety standard system as soon as possible.

Due to the lack of an effective and unified labeling coordination mechanism, there are many contradictions in the implementation of China's existing food safety standards, such as different quality standards, inspection standards or methods, different requirements for content limits, etc., which not only makes the relevant food processing producers a headache, but also makes government departments fall into an embarrassing situation in the supervision of many foods. For example, some time ago, the relevant government departments found in the process of cleaning up the national day lily market that there is no specific identification standard for the sulfur content of day lily in China, and it can only be implemented according to the hygienic standard of dried vegetable food of the Ministry of Health. According to this standard, the sulfur content of day lily should not exceed 0.035 mg/kg. Based on this data, Shenyang Health Supervision Institute investigated and dealt with 24.5 tons of "poisonous day lily", which aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. However, the Standard for Pollution-free Dehydrated Vegetables (NY5 184-2002) issued by the Ministry of Agriculture stipulates that the hygienic index of sulfur dioxide residue shall not exceed 100 mg/kg. Due to the differences between the two government departments on the value of sulfur content of day lily, day lily growers are at a loss, day lily manufacturers complain bitterly, and some law enforcement agencies blindly enforce the law, which greatly reduces the efficiency of government supervision. Premier the State Council finally attached great importance to this issue. On August 9, 2004, the Ministry of Health issued AnnouncementNo. 16 in 2004, which expanded the scope and dosage of sodium metabisulfite and sulfur, and formulated a new regulation that the residue of sulfur dioxide in day lily should not exceed 200mg/kg. At this point, the standard of sulfur content in day lily has finally been unified. To sum up, many food safety standards and standard inspection methods in China have reached the stage of comprehensive cleaning, modification and improvement.

At present, China's food-related standards are divided into four levels: national standards, industry standards, local standards and enterprise standards, among which there are more than 1000 national standards and industry standards. At present, the main problems existing in China's food standard system are: the overall level is low, there are overlaps, contradictions or repetitions between national standards, industry standards and local standards, important standards are lacking, the preliminary research of standards is weak, some enterprise standards are lower than the corresponding national standards or industry standards, some standards are not implemented effectively, and even mandatory standards are not implemented well.

Compared with developed countries and international organizations, China's food safety standards are not in line with international standards, resulting in low credibility of the standards. The 1 1 FAO Conference held in 196 1 and the16th World Health Assembly held in 1963 both adopted resolutions to establish the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). Nowadays, Codex Alimentarius has become the only and most important basic reference standard for global consumers, food producers and processors, food management agencies in various countries and international food trade. Although China officially became a member of CAC in 1986, the research, evaluation and application of Codex Alimentarius are not ideal. CAC standards are all formulated on the basis of science. If we can choose the food standards suitable for China's national conditions and follow these standards in the current food safety standard system construction, we can integrate domestic food standards with CAC standards as soon as possible, which can not only avoid duplication of work, but also save a lot of financial resources.

Recently, according to the requirements of the State Council's Decision on Further Strengthening Food Safety, AQSIQ and the National Standardization Committee began to organize the formulation and revision of food standards. The development of this important basic work will play a very important role in improving China's food safety level and will greatly improve China's food safety level.

2. Increase investment in food inspection research and application.

In the implementation of the food safety guarantee system from farmland to table management, the testing work should be continuously improved with the revision of standards. As an important means of internal self-monitoring and external supervision and inspection in food raw materials, production and processing, transportation and marketing, testing directly affects the quality and safety of food. With the gradual reduction of the limit value of safety and hygiene indicators in food, higher requirements are put forward for detection technology, and inspection and testing should develop in the direction of high technology, rapid detection, portability and information enjoyment. It is an important measure to improve China's food testing capacity as a whole to establish a systematic food testing institution and gradually socialize, establish a scientific testing quality assurance system and strengthen the testing technology reserve and personnel reserve. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the state invested a certain amount of money in the research of food safety testing. However, from the objective requirements, investment should be further increased during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, especially in the research of rapid detection technology, and the research results should be transformed into concrete applications as soon as possible.

The unification and integrity of food safety standards and inspection and testing system will provide strong technical support for China's food market access system and a series of food safety supervision.

Five, establish and improve China's food safety risk assessment system.

The safety evaluation of food is to evaluate the toxicity of harmful ingredients or substances in food and the corresponding risk degree, which requires the use of sufficient toxicological data to confirm the safe dose of these ingredients or substances. Food safety evaluation is of great significance in food safety research, monitoring and management. For a long time, the supervision of food safety in China is based on the legislation of unsafe food, the removal of unsafe food in the market and the implementation of projects approved by the responsible departments. Due to the lack of preventive measures, these traditional practices can not control the existing and possible food safety risk factors in time and quickly. China must establish a set of new methods to assess and reduce the outbreak of food-borne diseases, strengthen the assessment of food-related chemicals, microorganisms and new food-related technologies, gradually establish our own food safety assessment system, and constantly improve it in practice. Taking the safety evaluation of new technologies as an example, the introduction of high and new technologies such as genetic engineering and irradiation in the field of food production also poses special challenges to food safety. Although some new technologies will increase agricultural output and may make food safer, if they are accepted by consumers, their application and safety must be evaluated, which must be open and transparent and adopt internationally recognized methods.

China should adopt internationally recognized means to establish food safety evaluation standards and gradually establish and improve food safety evaluation system. The methods mainly include: timely and appropriate risk assessment of food safety incidents, so as to provide basis for the formulation of international and national standards and national laws and regulations; Collect data on food-borne diseases and the pollution of toxic chemicals and pathogenic bacteria in food nationwide; Obtain risk assessment data of other countries in a timely and rapid manner; Strengthen effective communication with other countries in food-borne diseases, toxic chemicals and pathogenic bacteria pollution in food, microbial risk assessment technology and data.

Six, the initial establishment of China's food safety credit system.

Credit is playing an increasingly important role in today's society. As a product of market economy, it has become the intangible capital of enterprises. Food safety not only needs government supervision, but also needs the government to strengthen the construction of credit system, and truly transform the food safety responsibility of food enterprises to society into their own consciousness with market rules.

1. Legal system construction is the external guarantee of the credit system.

The establishment of the system can not be separated from the law as a guarantee. Through the formulation of food safety credit laws and regulations, the food safety credit system will be given the corresponding legal status by the will of the state, and the universal legal effect of various systems in the food safety credit system will be confirmed to express the authoritative and guiding role of food safety credit information. In China's current legal system, no matter in the general field or in the special field of food industry, there are few laws and regulations that embody the principle of good faith and establish a credit mechanism, which need to be further improved. According to relevant reports, the first law of China's credit system, Credit Management Regulations, has been upgraded from a draft to a formal text, which can be promulgated after being approved by the State Council. ① The early promulgation of Credit Management Regulations can create conditions for the drafting of relevant supporting measures. With the successive promulgation of various credit laws and regulations, the legal status of China's food safety credit system will have a solid foundation.

2. Moral restraint is the inherent requirement of the credit system.

In the food safety credit system, moral restraint and legal construction complement each other. Compared with law, morality is much broader in the field of food safety coverage than the latter, which can make up for the lack of legal norms. Morality mainly appeals to people's conscience and attacks ugly phenomena through public opinion, and guides and forces people to regulate their behavior with the power of groups, thus truly achieving self-discipline. The government should vigorously carry out moral education in the food industry, guide public opinion, further improve the moral standards of employees in the food industry, and bring the moral judgment of the food industry into the scope of food safety credit reporting.

3. A sound mechanism is the content of the credit system.

Credit information acquisition mechanism, credit information management mechanism, credit information use mechanism, credit information release mechanism, and enterprise appeal mechanism are all the contents of the credit system. A complete food safety credit system can ensure the orderly operation of the whole system and play a better role. The credit information collection mechanism mainly regulates the channels and scope of information collection, which can include the announcement of the competent department, the record of rewards and punishments, relevant media reports and the report of the evaluated object. Credit information management mechanism mainly includes information classification management, information system maintenance and information retention period. Credit information use mechanism and release mechanism mainly regulate the scope, subject and procedure of information use and release. The establishment of enterprise appeal mechanism is to ensure the accuracy of credit and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of enterprises.

4. Fair atmosphere is the foundation of credit system.

When the government establishes the food safety credit system in China, the more it pays attention to creating a fair atmosphere, the more it can lay a solid foundation for the credit system. The government should treat food enterprises equally in terms of accountability and protection of credit rights; Units that collect, record and use credit information shall follow the principles of fairness and standardization, and be objective and neutral; Reward the superior and punish the inferior, and do not engage in egalitarianism in policy support and distribution of rights and obligations; It is necessary to prevent food enterprises from bullying the small and derogating from each other in the process of establishing a credit system.

In April 2004, eight ministries and commissions, including the State Food and Drug Administration of the United States, officially started the pilot work of building a food safety credit system, taking the lead in building a food safety credit system in Liaoyuan, Daqing, Xiamen, Changde, Yinchuan, meat industry, food industry and children's food industry, and will complete the pilot work before April 2006. At present, this work is in progress. Influenced by external factors and restricted by other conditions, the construction of food safety credit system is not difficult, so we can consider making a breakthrough in one or two aspects instead of covering everything. The key is to be effective. "the State Council's Decision on Further Strengthening Food Safety Work" also clearly puts forward: strive to gradually establish the basic framework and operating mechanism of China's food safety credit system in about five years. However, we think that this time seems a little long, and the construction of integrity is seize the day. The basic framework and operating mechanism are only a part of the credit system. Only by building the whole food safety credit system in an all-round way can it operate scientifically and effectively, and can it really play its role in ensuring food safety.

Seven, the establishment of food safety information monitoring, notification and release network system.

At present, most food safety information in China is released by various functional departments themselves, but in reality, not only the information released by different departments for the same content is different, but even the information released by the same department for the same content is inconsistent. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified and coordinated network operation system of food safety information monitoring, notification and release as soon as possible to ensure the orderly and smooth progress of food safety work in China. China has a vast territory and a large population, and the development level of food safety supervision varies from place to place. The application of high-tech information technology is helpful to coordinate and solve the national food safety problems.