World history is the product of human practice, and man is the subject of social history. Although human activities are restricted by certain objective conditions and historical inevitability, they are carried out on the basis of the established productive forces and corresponding social relations created by predecessors. However, people have the nature of freedom, consciousness and initiative to create. On the premise of recognizing the external inevitability and the regularity of social movements formed by their own activities, they can carry out creative activities according to their own needs and purposes, so as to transform the relationship between people and nature and between people and themselves, and thus obtain their own. In the face of the dilemma and crisis of the development of contemporary human society, some people blame this on human subjectivity and its contemporary development, and think that only by giving up the transformation and control of nature and "returning to nature" can human beings realize the protection and sustainable development of the ecological environment. In fact, what causes this dilemma can only be said to be the one-sided development of subjectivity formed under the influence of the traditional concept of development. Because the traditional concept of development confuses the two completely different concepts of social development and economic growth, it unilaterally pursues material wealth and turns people into tools and means to achieve growth, which leads to the abnormal development of workers and becomes "one-dimensional people" described by Marcuse. Under the influence of this concept of development, the simple pursuit of economic interests has caused this subjectivity to have only a dynamic mechanism (the desire to possess material wealth indefinitely) without a self-restraint mechanism, so it is a kind of "laissez-faire" subjectivity; Because it has no understanding of the external boundaries of its own activities, it is a kind of "blind" subjectivity; Because it lacks a mechanism of self-reflection, self-evaluation and self-adjustment, it is a kind of "spontaneous" subjectivity. This is a relatively low-level subjectivity. The subjectivity of human's high development should be conscious and spontaneous. This subjectivity has a clear understanding of the overall regularity of external nature, the limits of activities, the foresight of the consequences of their own activities, and the normative (moral) consciousness of their own abilities. This subjectivity is not only the cause of today's human dilemmas, but also the basic condition and necessary prerequisite for solving these dilemmas and realizing sustainable development. Sustainable development is the conscious development of self-selecting development path, self-designing development mode, self-regulating development order and self-regulating development behavior under the guidance of conscious future value goals. The center of sustainable development is human development, that is, the improvement of human quality. 1The white paper "China 2/kloc-0 Agenda for the Century" issued by the government of China in March 1994 clearly put forward the important viewpoint of "people-oriented" in social sustainable development; China Social Development Report also puts forward the important idea of "people-centered social development"; At the National Social Development Work Conference held in June 1994+00, the leaders of China clearly pointed out that "the starting point and destination of economic and social development should be to realize the all-round development of human beings". The so-called "human development" refers to the development of people at all stages of life, which is the composition of the harmonious relationship among individuals, society and nature. It ensures that human potential can be brought into full play without damaging, plundering or destroying society or nature. Fundamentally speaking, human development is also a process of improving people's quality or ability growth, which includes: (1) the satisfaction of basic needs: it can be divided into material needs and spiritual needs, which is a prerequisite for people's all-round development; (2) Quality improvement: including physical quality, psychological quality, cultural quality and moral quality, which are decisive factors for human development; (3) The exertion of potential: refers to people's thinking ability and creative ability to know, understand and consciously interfere with changes in the real world. The requirement of sustainable development for human subjectivity comes from the close relationship between human development and social development, mainly in the following three aspects: 1, and human development and social development are mutually determined. Social development encourages people's personality development, which in turn affects social development. Human development is the premise of social development, and human development is not only a measure of social progress, but also an internal driving force to promote social progress. Social development provides material and spiritual historical conditions for human development, which determines and affects human development. A person develops himself while pursuing personal legitimate interests, and also promotes the development of society. Human development and social development are mutually determined, which is a two-way synchronous and unified movement process, and its unity is based on human social practice. People transform and develop society in social practice, but also transform and develop themselves. 2. Human development and social development are mutual means and purposes. Since people and society are mutually determined and promoted, the development of either side can not be separated from the development of the other side, and it is necessary to take the development of the other side as the purpose and its own development as the means, so as to promote the simultaneous development of both sides. Without the development of the whole society, there will be no foundation and conditions for individual development; At the same time, the development of the whole society is precisely the result of the self-development and self-improvement of countless individuals in society. Man's all-round development needs to be realized by transforming the objective world to promote social development, and social development also needs people to transform their own subjective world to realize man's all-round development. 3. Human development is the core of social development. As the creator and receiver of civilization and progress of human society, the all-round development of human beings is the inevitable trend of social development. People are the creators and masters of history, and they play a decisive role in social and economic development. Productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, social ideology and state power all revolve around the people-centered movement. Without people's participation, there will be no development. The development of other aspects of society is to provide conditions and means for human development, to enrich people's needs, to improve people's freedom and subjectivity, and to promote people's all-round improvement. * * * Capitalism, in the final analysis, is to "fully guarantee the welfare and free and all-round development of all members of society." From the above analysis, we can see that sustainable development is the sustainable development of the whole social system. It is a development concept with "people" as the main body of society, and it is a development concept for human beings to pursue the unity of truth, goodness and beauty. Only with the concept of development centered on "people" can people make a pertinent evaluation of their own existence and value orientation, face the real environment with a positive attitude, and ensure that people's subjectivity is fully exerted.