Before the pacification of Peiping and Tianjin, the new Kuomintang warlords, (2) and (3) had a temporary alliance. After Beijing and Tianjin were laid, this unity was immediately dissolved and became a fierce struggle within the four factions. Chiang Kai-shek and Guangxi factions were brewing wars. The contradictions and struggles of various warlords in China reflect those of imperialist countries. Therefore, as long as the imperialist countries split China, it is impossible for warlords of all factions to compromise anyway, and all compromises are temporary. Today's temporary compromise is brewing a bigger war tomorrow.
China urgently needs a bourgeois democratic revolution, which can only be accomplished under the leadership of the proletariat. The revolution from Guangdong to the Yangtze River from 1926 to 1927 was seized by the comprador gentry class because the proletariat did not resolutely exercise leadership, and the revolution was replaced by counter-revolution. The bourgeois democratic revolution suffered a temporary failure. In this defeat, the proletariat and peasants in China suffered a great blow, and so did the bourgeoisie (non-comprador gentry class) in China. However, in recent months, organized urban strikes and rural riots by workers and peasants under the leadership of the * * * Production Party have spread to the whole north and south. Due to hunger and cold, the soldiers in the warlord army are brewing great anxiety. At the same time, encouraged by Wang Jingwei and Chen Gongbo, the bourgeoisie also developed a considerable reform movement in the coastal areas. The development of this movement is a new fact. According to the international and central instructions, the contents of China's democratic revolution include overthrowing the rule of imperialism and its tool warlords in China, completing the national revolution, carrying out the agrarian revolution, and eliminating the feudal exploitation of peasants by the gentry class. The actual revolutionary movement has been developing day by day since the Jinan massacre in May 1928.
Second, the reasons for the occurrence and existence of the red regime in China (6)
Within a country, surrounded by the white regime, there has been a small piece or a few small pieces of red regime for a long time, which is unprecedented in any country in the world. This miracle has its unique reasons. And its existence and development must have considerable conditions.
First, it cannot happen in any imperialist country, nor can it happen in any colony directly ruled by imperialism, but it must happen in semi-colonial China, which is economically backward and indirectly ruled by imperialism. Because this strange phenomenon must be accompanied by another strange phenomenon, that is, the war between white regimes. Since the first year of the Republic of China, there has been a constant struggle between the old and new warlords supported by imperialism and the domestic comprador and gentry classes, which is one of the characteristics of semi-colonial China. This phenomenon exists not only in the world without imperialist countries, but also in colonies directly ruled by imperialism, only in countries indirectly ruled by imperialism, such as China. There are two reasons for this phenomenon, namely, the local agricultural economy (not a unified capitalist economy) and the imperialist policy of splitting and exploiting the sphere of influence. Due to the long-term division and war between white regimes, it is given a condition that one or several small red areas led by the * * * production party can occur and persist among the surrounding white regimes. The separatist regime on the Hunan-Jiangxi border is one of these small pieces. In times of difficulty and crisis, some comrades often doubt the existence of such a red regime and become pessimistic. This is because there is no correct explanation for the occurrence and existence of this red regime. We only need to know that the division and war of the white regime in China are still going on, so there is no doubt that the red regime has occurred, existed and developed day by day.
Second, the earliest place where China's red regime occurred and can exist for a long time was not the place that was not affected by the democratic revolution, such as Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and northern provinces, but the place where the workers, peasants and soldiers revolted during the bourgeois democratic revolution in 1926 and 1927, such as Hunan, Guangdong, Hubei, Jiangxi and other provinces. In many places in these provinces, there used to be a large number of trade unions and peasant associations, and there were many economic and political struggles between workers and peasants and landlords, gentry and bourgeoisie. Therefore, Guangzhou has three days of urban people's political power, while Hailufeng, Xiangdong, Xiangnan, Hunan-Jiangxi border, Huang An, Hubei and other places have peasant political power. As for the present Red Army, it was also differentiated from the National Revolutionary Army which was trained in democratic politics and influenced by workers and peasants. Those troops who have never received democratic political training and the influence of workers and peasants, such as Yan Xishan and Zhang, must not differentiate the factors that can cause the Red Army at this time.
Third, whether the local people's political power can exist for a long time depends on whether the national revolutionary situation develops forward. The national revolutionary situation is developing forward, so the long-term existence of a small red area is not only beyond doubt, but will inevitably be regarded as one of the many forces that have gained national political power. If the national revolutionary situation does not continue to develop and stop for a long time, it is impossible for small red areas to exist for a long time. At present, the revolutionary situation in China is developing with the continued division and war between the domestic comprador gentry class and the international bourgeoisie. Therefore, not only the long-term existence of small red areas is beyond doubt, but also these red areas will continue to develop and move closer to the national political power.
Fourth, the existence of a formal Red Army with considerable strength is a necessary condition for the existence of the red regime. If there are only local Red Guards and no regular Red Army, we can only deal with door-to-door groups, but not with regular White Army. Therefore, although there are good workers and peasants armed forces, if there is no formal armed forces with considerable strength, it will certainly not lead to a separatist situation, let alone a long-term and intensified separatist situation.
Therefore, the idea of "armed separation of workers and peasants" is an important idea that the production party and the workers and peasants in the separatist areas must fully possess. Fifth, the long-term existence and development of the red regime, in addition to the above conditions, must also have an important condition, that is, the strong production party organization and the correct policy.
Third, the Hunan-Jiangxi border separatist regime and the failure in August.
The division and war between warlords weakened the ruling power of the white regime. Therefore, the red political power in small places can be produced in due course. But the war between warlords doesn't stop every day. Whenever there is a temporary stability of the white regime in one province or several provinces, the ruling class in that province or several provinces must unite and use all their strength to destroy the red regime. Where all the necessary conditions for establishing and upholding the red regime are not yet complete, there is a danger of being overthrown by the enemy. This is the reason why many red regimes that happened to rise before April this year, such as Guangzhou, Hailufeng, Hunan-Jiangxi border, southern Hunan, Liling, Huang An and other places, were successively destroyed by the white regime. The separatist regime on the Hunan-Jiangxi border after April coincided with the temporary stability of the southern ruling forces. At any time, the troops sent by Hunan and Jiangxi provinces to "suppress" ranged from eight or nine regiments to eighteen regiments. However, we fought against the enemy for four months with less than four regiments, which made the separatist areas expand day by day, the agrarian revolution deepened day by day, the organization of the people's political power expanded day by day, and the Red Army and the Red Guards grew stronger and stronger. The reason is that the policy of the * * * production party (local party and military party) on the Hunan-Jiangxi border is correct. At that time, the policy of the party's special Committee and military commission was: resolutely oppose the enemy, create political power in the middle of Luoxiao Mountain Range, and oppose escapism; Agrarian revolution in separatist areas; The military party helps the local party to develop, and the regular army helps the local armed forces to develop; Concentrate on the Red Army cameras to deal with the current enemy, oppose the division of troops and avoid being broken by the enemy one by one; The expansion of separatist regions adopts a wave-like promotion policy and opposes the policy of aggression. Because these strategies were appropriate and the terrain was conducive to struggle, the offensive forces in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces were not consistent, which led to the victory in April to July. Although it is several times that of our enemy, it can not only destroy this separatist regime, but also prevent it from growing, which has a growing impact on Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The failure in August was entirely due to the fact that some comrades didn't realize that this was the time when the ruling class was temporarily stable. Instead, the strategy of political collapse of the ruling class was adopted, which led to the failure of the border region and southern Hunan. Comrade Du, the representative of Hunan Provincial Party Committee, ignored the circumstances at that time and the resolutions of the joint meeting of the Special Committee, the Military Commission and the Yongxin County Committee, and only carried out the orders of Hunan Provincial Party Committee in form, echoing the opinion that the 29th Regiment of the Red Army wanted to escape the struggle and return to its hometown. His mistake is really big. After September, the Special Commission and the Military Commission took steps to correct their mistakes and saved this failed situation.
Fourth, the separatist regime in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces.
The significance of the armed separatist regime of workers and peasants on the Hunan-Jiangxi border with Ninggang as the center is by no means limited to a few counties on the border. This separatist regime is of great significance in the process of the workers and peasants riots in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi seizing the political power of the three provinces. Make the influence of the border land revolution and people's political power reach as far as the lower reaches of Hunan and Jiangxi and even Hubei; Make the Red Army increase the quantity and improve the quality day by day from the struggle, so as to carry out its necessary mission in the general riots in the three provinces in the future; Increase the quantity and quality of local armed forces in counties, that is, the Red Guards and the Workers and Peasants Anti-riot Teams, so as to crack down on the gate group and a small number of troops at this time and preserve the border regime in the future; It is extremely important for the border party to gradually reduce the dependence of local workers on the Red Army workers, completely rely on themselves, and work with border talents as the border, so as to further supply the Red Army workers and expand the workers in the separatist areas.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) economic problems
Surrounded by the white army on all sides, the lack of daily necessities and cash for the military and civilians has become a big problem. Over the past year, due to the tight blockade by the enemy, the daily necessities such as salt, cloth and medicinal materials are in short supply and very expensive, which has caused anxiety among workers, peasants, petty bourgeoisie, Red Army soldiers and the masses, and sometimes it is really extreme. On the one hand, the Red Army wants to fight, and on the other hand, it wants to raise wages. Every day, except for food, there is a lack of 50 cents for meals, insufficient nutrition, many diseases and hospital injuries, which is even worse. Of course, this kind of difficulty is inevitable before the general political power of the whole country is obtained, but it is urgent to solve this kind of difficulty relatively to make life better, especially to make the supplies of the Red Army more adequate. If the border party can't come up with an appropriate solution to the economic problems, it will encounter great difficulties when the enemy's forces remain stable for a long time. The considerable solution to this economic problem really deserves the attention of every party member.
Sixth, the issue of military base areas.
Another task of the Border Party is to consolidate the two military bases of Wujing, Wujing and Jiulong. Wujing Mountain area at the junction of Yongxin, Lingxian, Ninggang and Suichuan counties, and Jiulong Mountain area at the junction of Yongxin, Ninggang, Chaling and Lianhua counties, these two places with superior terrain, especially the Wujing Mountain area at the junction, are not only important military bases at this time, but also will remain important military bases in the future riots in Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. Methods to consolidate this base area: first, build complete fortifications; Second, reserve enough food; Third, build a better Red Army hospital. Doing these three things well is something that the border party should work hard.