It is symbolic to use Malay to imply the living conditions of China writers.
Tang Dacheng, a famous literary theorist and critic, wrote an article "Ma Feifei and Jujube", and I quote as follows:
Ma Feifei is a famous horse. Since its owner had Feifei, it has been extremely proud. It is thin and strong, with slender legs, eyes like a phoenix, hooves like a copper hammer, strong and hard-working. The owner used it to transport, not only loaded two or three hundred kilograms of goods, but also arrived at the destination faster than other horses. To this end, the owner can make a fortune and show special respect to the mare. He is willing to pour black beans, wheat bran and even millet into the manger.
When meeting other horse owners, Feifei's owner can't help but boast happily: "Gee, look at my Feifei, where there are horses, it's a Mercedes-Benz race. Do you still call your horse when you stand in front of Feifei? " The power of flying is to pull a mountain, and it can also help you pull it away; Let it run. When you sit on an airplane, it's like flying. Fly and fly, it's beautiful! Besides, you see how obedient it is. Call it East, and it is East. Call it west, it is west. Stop it, and it will stop. Tell it to go and it will go. There is no need to be vague about Rado's burden, just rush as soon as he lifts it. Alas, BMW, BMW! "
Other horse owners were ashamed to hear his boasting and description, and those who were listening were even more ashamed to kneel on the ground and felt that it was better to open a crack in the ground and get in.
Only Feifei, whenever this happens, will feel sad. Only Feifei knows how much pain and tears it has paid for these "advantages". I remember how unruly, willful and free he was when he was a pony. Since it fell into the hands of this owner, it has been whipped, punched and kicked by many whips, leaving many blood stains on its back, and many unbearable insults and severe curses poured on its head ... so it has so many "advantages" of blood and tears.
At night, when he is chained to his partner in the stable, he often can't help sighing. He couldn't help crying when he thought of being hurt. The other horses were surprised to see this scene: "Brother, what can you complain about?"? How boastful and pampered your master is. Look at what you are eating in the trough! What are we eating? What are you dissatisfied with? You see, your master has to get up three times a night, so he will cover you with a glass cover for fear that you will be cold and hungry. Alas, brother, be content. If you don't have a horse in your heart, you know that you are enjoying special treatment! "
Ma Feifei, a Bordeaux native, listened to these contradictory views in her ear and was silent. I just feel so lonely, so lonely and so sad. It blinked its beautiful phoenix eyes, and big tears fell on the hay. Then I looked up at the vast night sky, and it seemed that only the shining stars in the distance gave it a little comfort. Day after day, year after year, Ma Feifei pulled a heavy load, crossed the valley, crossed the grass, waded across the stream, and went to the repeated destination step by step. It seems to be numb gradually, but when it walks to the vast grassland and smells the fragrance of grass, its heart will be ready to move again. It wants to stop, bury its head in the thick grass and enjoy the intoxicating smell. Suddenly, a loud roar, "Pa!" The master's whip has been slammed into his back, and a terrible pain made him tremble all over. Then it heard the familiar cry: "Don't stand down, beast, pull!" " "Then the master waved again and gave a whip in the air.
The Bordeaux Mafeifei took a step forward and sailed forward again. However, this time, its inner turmoil is more intense, and the blood in its veins seems to be uneasily accelerating. Such a surge is so strong, so wild, so stirring, and it seems that the owner's shouts are heard in his ears, but these sounds seem to be just stimulants to stimulate it. In a flash, its heart seemed to open and all the blood rushed to its head. Feifei suddenly looked up, roared into the sky and stood straight. Then, fall on all fours and rush to the endless grassland crazily. It runs so crazy, so rough, so desperate, aiming at a sharp arrow, like a bullet, like a rocket in the air. As a result, those loads were thrown in all directions, and its owner was bounced into the air and fell heavily. The cart was torn apart by the mound and left behind. Finally, even Tiemu left it, and Feifei felt lighter and more stretched than ever before. ...
Feifei is like a fire, rolling quickly on the grassland like lightning, and the red mane flies like a flame under the wind.
Feifei stood with her chest out, and the four kicks sounded like thunder and drums. The wind is blowing violently in the ear, the grass waves fall backwards like waves, the white clouds in the sky flash overhead like mist, and the blue sky stretches its wide robe to meet the flying flies that break away from all fetters. Bordeaux horses are flying in full bloom, unrestrained, and do their best to gallop freely on the prairie once bred in Sri Lanka. Fly to the sky, to the depths of the grassland, to the vast universe, and fly away in ecstasy.
I don't know how far, how deep and how fast it is, flying and sweating like rain, stretching the wings of my life and showing an unparalleled and earth-shattering battle of fate for the same kind.
At the end of the grassland, Ma Feifei looked up and let out a long hiss, which was happy, bold and brave, and then suddenly collapsed. Feifei's master stumbled up to him and shouted, "Feifei is crazy, Feifei is crazy." However, when he found the bordeaux horse flying, he was surprised to find that the bordeaux horse fell safely, with a beautiful and bright smile on its face.
Have you ever seen the smile of a once-in-a-century horse?
Tang Dacheng said: "The image of the horse is good. You see, when human beings mention their sense of service to people, the first thing they affirm is' being a cow and a horse'. Horses have the ability to walk the Wan Li Road, while cows have the strength to carry a thousand pounds. Horses and cows are images of human praise. Cats, on the other hand, are considered too cunning and snobbish by human beings. Tian Williams, a great American playwright, wrote a play: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. And donkeys are probably not very popular with humans, or when they meet someone who is not tame and obedient, he will use a' donkey temper'. "
Tang Dacheng praised Rodin's famous sculpture "Remy Martin" to me. Tang Dacheng sighed and said, "Rodin is really a master of art. He made the statue detached from the human head, but the body of the enslaved and harnessed horse has not changed. Isn't there a profound meaning of the master of art? "
Tang Dacheng recorded a passage in his notes on his visit to the Soviet Union: Stalin's intervention "saved" Mayakovski when his reputation went from bad to worse. Stalin affirmed his position as the first official poet and shaped his statue. The Soviets said that the Russian proverb says: Love can't be forced. The statue stands there without love or understanding. Later generations thought it was a bronze statue of the unknown knight or Pushkin's work Bronze Knight. What's he doing on a horse? To show that you are mighty and tall? In fact, he fell off his horse. Only a tripped horseshoe can trip people. Tang Dacheng commented below: "Mayakovski's second death."
In Tang Dacheng's thinking, "a white horse is not a horse" has been sublimated into a metaphysical image.
Coincidentally, Faulkner's novels always end with Carcasson. Of course, as a literary master like Faulkner, it is absolutely impossible to do whatever you want. Why is this? What kind of ending is this? He must have a unique meaning.
Carcasson is called a novel, but it has no story or even plot. It's just a dialogue between a poor poet and his own skeleton. The poet let his imagination run wild: he imagined himself riding a fine horse with "eyes like blue lightning and brown hair like flying flames", "rushing to the top of the mountain and then soaring into the sky" and "leaping to the blue peak of heaven like lightning".
A western writer and an oriental critic all set their eyes on the horse, which probably can't be lightly considered as a coincidence! Haven't we read the thoughts of literary critics on the living conditions of a generation of literati from Ma Feifei and Bordeaux?
Slavery and freedom, this philosophical proposition has become a literary topic of "obeying literature" and "writing my heart with my pen"
I choose the life experiences and literary paths of eight Shanxi writers as the theme, because each of them has certain significance and typicality.
At the same time, there is Ma Feng, a leader who "sets an example first". He is an "old horse who knows the way" and follows the road of "Speech" guided by Mao Zedong. There is a rebellious "dark horse" Hu Zheng who rushed out of the oblique thorn in the queue of "Yam Egg School"; Zhou Zongqi was chosen as the successor by Ma Feng's "Bo Le Xiang Ma" and eventually evolved into a fable of "a white horse is not a horse"; Jiao Zuyao was distorted by the powerful "gravity" of the system and alienated into "neither donkey nor horse"; There is also "Prince Charming" Zhao Yu, who consciously undertook the mission of saving by "descending from heaven" and "turning the tide"; There is also Zhong Daoxin who goes it alone, "Why not run with the bulls"; There are also "literary villains" Han Shishan who are "crazy in spring" and "proud of spring breeze"; There is Tian Dongzhao, who is often in the dilemma of "success at once" and "failure at once" in the dual track of life in officialdom and literary world, and so on. From the perspective of "all sentient beings" in this group of "Eight Horses", we can see the literary epitome of "ten thousand horses flying together" in a specific historical period.
These eight writers all moved from Shanxi to the national literary world. Shanxi literary world has a very typical significance in the history of China literature. Shanxi, as the base of the old Yan 'an people, practiced a literary system from beginning to end. From the "Shan Yao Egg School" which grew up under the "Speech" in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the "Rise of the Jin Army" in the new period, all of them contain profound social and cultural subconscious. Dissect a sparrow, you can get a glimpse of the whole leopard and see the texture of the whole system.
In recent years, people have been calling for "rewriting the history of literature", and the history of contemporary literature has made the "spring and autumn brushwork" of mainstream media fragmented and unrecognizable. Everyone can only understand contemporary history and contemporary literary history based on their own living environment. Shanxi literary world is a place where I have lived for 30 years and a familiar resource. I can only dig my own treasure on this resource.
The history of literature is undoubtedly composed of writers. The literary activities of writers with distinctive personality characteristics constitute a vivid literary history.
Writing biographies seems to have formed a fixed pattern, and I often hear such advice: the character pattern you write is not big enough.
We have become accustomed to the grand narrative of great events, advocating the "spring and autumn brushwork" and thinking that the living conditions of all beings are not worth mentioning. This orthodox mainstream view of history has long been questioned by Hu Shi. In the preface to Shanghai Xiaozhi written by 1930, he said: "Sages know the big, but they don't overkill the small", and put forward the historical dialectical relationship between the big and the small. With the changes of the times, the rise and fall of those dynasties, the abolition of monarchs, revolutionary morality and so on. In our eyes, we are all degraded people, but the occasional mention of "slaves and horses in the same column" or "Nie Gannu" in Historical Records has aroused our great interest. A glimpse of a leopard in a tube can help us understand the living conditions of an era, such as how slaves lived in the Han Dynasty and why women bound their feet. This question about the course of human life and the civilized nature of an era is of great significance in the history of human culture. Can this be regarded as another meaning of "seeing the big from the small"?
Commenting on Eugénie's psychological struggle to add a teaspoon of sugar to her cousin's coffee in Balzac's Eugenia Grandet, belinsky said: Eugénie's courage to make up his mind at this time is not weaker than Napoleon's determination when he crossed the Albis Mountain. Small people also have an ingenuity. A drop of water can see sunshine, and a person's living condition is the sum of many complicated interpersonal relationships. To truly write a person's life state is to write all the complicated backgrounds and social features on which he depends. It is at this point that perhaps future historians will have to rely on the details of the little people recorded by "ignorant" sages to find the characteristics of the lost era.
In the specific context of China, the writer's imagination can be said to be feeble. Only the truth beyond your imagination, not beyond your imagination. Those imaginative novelists are overconfident and think that they can build an "artistic reality" higher than life. However, he ignored a basic fact: the direction of the historical process will never change with the careful conception of any genius, but the existence formed by the intelligence and wisdom of countless people (which is an energy inspired by the instinct of living space), and countless directions of exerting strength are complementary, contradictory and antagonistic, and finally formed by joint efforts. The life experiences of eight writers in Shanxi, their pain, confusion, struggle, gains and losses, reveal to us that the design of life path is not the wishful thinking of any individual, and this "truth" is still full of variables at the last moment, which still surprises any genius. It is on this premise that what we have discovered by documentary means is not the individual, but the deep subconscious of the whole totalitarian society. Perhaps this is the value of writing "truth". The meaning of writing little people.
Different from the traditional view of history, which focuses on the study of all-powerful figures and thrilling events, the modern view of history pays more and more attention to the daily customs of ordinary people and the social collective subconscious formed by the living environment. This is the most important and lasting factor in history. The daily life of little people has become a precious historical material for studying history, and it has regained its significance in the concept of modern people. I think that the "daily life" of small people will probably change from "official history" to "official history" one day. This change is a major change in the concept of history.
It is based on the above point of view that I described this example "case" in the Eight Horse Diagram.
In my pen, I dare not rewrite or rewrite the history of literature. I just hope that by recording these prancing gestures full of primitive impulses of life, I can leave an original material for the writing of future literary history.
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