Environmental monitoring refers to the process of continuously or intermittently measuring the nature and concentration of pollutants in the environment, observing and analyzing their changes and their impact on the environment. The basic purpose of environmental monitoring is to comprehensively, timely and accurately grasp the influence degree, effect and trend of human activities on the environment. Environmental monitoring system is an important means to implement environmental protection laws and a basic component of environmental protection law enforcement system. Because environmental monitoring is the basic work of environmental protection, it has the characteristics of wide coverage, strong professionalism and high cost. Therefore, the Environmental Protection Law stipulates that the administrative department of environmental protection in the State Council should establish a monitoring system, formulate monitoring norms, organize a monitoring network in conjunction with relevant departments, and strengthen the management of environmental monitoring. The competent administrative departments of environmental protection of the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall regularly publish bulletins on environmental conditions. That is, the competent administrative department of environmental protection in the State Council has set up pollution monitoring institutions, formulated unified monitoring principles, procedures and methods, organized monitoring networks to carry out environmental monitoring, grasped and evaluated environmental conditions, and provided reliable monitoring data and scientific detection technology for the prevention and control of environmental pollution. The purpose of establishing a monitoring network is to organize the environmental monitoring forces of relevant departments, give full play to the advantages of technical equipment and talents in all aspects, mobilize the enthusiasm of environmental monitoring forces in all aspects, and cooperate closely to jointly do a good job in environmental monitoring. With the implementation of various environmental protection laws, China's environmental monitoring work has been gradually developed and strengthened, which has played an important role in environmental protection work.
Second, the environmental monitoring plan
The process of environmental testing generally includes accepting tasks, field investigation and data collection, monitoring scheme design, sample collection, sample transportation and preservation, sample pretreatment, analysis and testing, data processing and comprehensive evaluation. The scientific and accurate results of environmental monitoring depend on grasping every detail in the monitoring process and making purposeful, planned and organized preparations before monitoring. It is particularly important to make a feasible monitoring plan before monitoring. Environmental monitoring is mainly composed of sampling technology, testing technology and data processing technology. On the premise of defining the monitoring purpose, the monitoring scheme consists of the following aspects: sampling scheme, including design outlets, sampling time, sampling frequency, sampling method, sample transportation, sample storage and sample processing; Analyze and determine the scheme, including the selection of monitoring methods, operating conditions and the formulation of quality assurance system. Data processing scheme, including data processing method, monitoring report, comprehensive evaluation, etc.
Third, the content of environmental testing
The contents of environmental monitoring are divided into:
1, sewage monitoring
2, the atmosphere and waste gas monitoring
3. Noise monitoring
4, soil pollution monitoring
5, solid waste monitoring
6, biological pollution monitoring
7, radioactive pollution monitoring
In addition, there are vibration monitoring, electromagnetic radiation monitoring, thermal monitoring, light monitoring, health monitoring and so on.
Four, the types of environmental monitoring
1. Supervisory monitoring: also known as routine monitoring or routine monitoring, it is the regular and regular monitoring of various environmental factors, and it is the primary work of monitoring stations, which is used to determine environmental quality and pollution status, evaluate the effect of governance measures, measure the implementation of environmental standards, and accumulate monitoring data, generally including the supervision and monitoring of environmental quality and pollution sources.
2. Special purpose monitoring: also known as special situation monitoring or emergency monitoring, it can be divided into the following types according to different purposes.
① Pollution accident monitoring ② Dispute arbitration monitoring ③ Evaluation verification monitoring ④ Consulting service monitoring.
3. Scientific research monitoring: also known as scientific research monitoring, it is a high-level, high-level and technically complex monitoring, which is usually completed by multiple departments and disciplines.