Study on influencing factors and potential harm of obesity among middle school students Abstract: Obesity among middle school students is serious. Analyzing the influencing factors and potential hazards of overweight and obesity among middle school students at present, we should strengthen the intervention on the main influencing factors of overweight and obesity among middle school students in order to reduce the risk of related chronic diseases in adulthood. To provide basis for formulating obesity prevention measures for middle school students. Key words: the harm of influencing factors of obesity in middle school students. The main influencing factors of overweight and obesity in middle school students 1. Genetic factors This survey shows that adolescent obesity is related to parents. A survey of some families with twins and adopted children found that obesity has certain family aggregation. Both parents are obese, children are 70%-80% obese, one parent (especially mother) is obese, and children are 40% obese; According to parents' standard weight, the probability of children being obese is 10%. 2. Nutritional factors Nutritional factors are closely related to obesity. With the economic development and abundant food supply in China, people's basic requirements for food energy have been met, and the dietary structure has changed greatly. The intake of high-protein and high-fat foods has greatly increased, and the total energy intake often exceeds energy consumption. In many cities, especially big cities, the intake of protein and fat of high-energy animals increases, while the intake of cereals decreases, and the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in dietary fiber and trace elements is low. Studies have proved that a diet rich in fat and low in other nutrients is the most likely to lead to obesity. 3. Mental factors The increasing study pressure and mental stress of modern students is also a reason for the rising incidence of obesity. A study in the United States shows that the probability of obesity in depressed children is 1 times that of ordinary children. Introverts are more obese, which may be because obesity makes teenagers who are in the process of accelerating the formation of self-awareness lose the most precious life content-bodybuilding; Emotional problems such as depression, anxiety, inferiority and withdrawal caused by self-image distortion; Loneliness, hyperactivity, school phobia, fighting, vandalism, suicide and other behavioral problems are all caused by unbearable ridicule. When children are psychologically uneasy, nervous or frustrated, they will continue to eat to fill their psychological anxiety, leading to the habit of overeating. The psychological damage caused by obesity further induces a lot of eating. 4. Insufficient physical exercise is one of the important factors leading to overweight and obesity in middle school students. At present, middle school students have heavy schoolwork, too much outdoor sports homework and limited sports venues, which all lead to insufficient physical exercise. Due to the lack of exercise and physical activity, the thermal energy in the human body is "greater than the output", leading to overweight and obesity. 5. Social factors According to the survey, many urban families have only one child, and parents put more energy into their children. Coupled with the improvement of economic income and purchasing power, and the improvement of food production, processing, transportation and storage technology, children can choose more kinds of food. As women enter all walks of life more widely, the chances of preparing meals for their families at home are decreasing; The frequency of eating out has increased. The energy intake is much greater than the energy consumed, and the energy is converted into fat and stored in the human body. News media plays an important role in modern consumer groups. Television advertisements have a very important influence on the eating patterns of children and adolescents, and the misleading behavior of children and adolescents can not be ignored. Second, the harm of obesity to teenagers 1, the harm of obesity to teenagers' health As a chronic disease that harms health, obesity has a great impact on teenagers' physical and mental health. According to the data survey, many chronic diseases are no longer the patents of middle-aged and elderly people. Many diseases occur in young people, which are as follows: (1) The summary analysis of hypertension among 240,000 people in China shows that the body mass index >; The prevalence rate of hypertension is 2.5 times that of people under 24 years old with body mass index, and the prevalence rate of hypertension is 3.3 times that of people under 24 years old with body mass index. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension increases with age. The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of obese adolescents are significantly higher than those of normal weight children. Many data show that the heart lock index (HI) of obese adolescents is lower than that of the control group, which indicates that the ventricular systolic function of obese adolescents has a downward trend. (2) Overweight, obesity and abdominal fat accumulation are the main risk factors of type 2 diabetes, and this risk increases with the degree and duration of obesity. According to statistics, 80% of type II diabetes is caused by obesity. Many data show that the fasting blood glucose of obese adolescents is significantly higher than that of normal weight, and they have hyperinsulinemia. The internal reasons are the decrease of insulin receptor number and receptor defect, insulin resistance (insensitivity to insulin) and high fasting insulin level in obese patients, which affect glucose transport, utilization and protein synthesis. (3) Obesity among teenagers with podiatry may cause lasting damage to their feet. When the foot pressure increases, the bone structure and soft tissue of the foot will change. Due to the imperfect development of adolescent skeletal tissue, it is easy to cause the arch of the foot to collapse and become flat feet under a large extra weight load for a long time. To make matters worse, there are a lot of blood vessels and acupoints in people's feet, which may cause other malignant diseases. (4) Decreased cardiopulmonary function Compared with normal teenagers, the heart of obese children needs to do more work to meet the blood supply of their huge bodies. After a long time, due to excessive fatigue, myocardial contractility decreased and the heart slowly failed. At the same time, due to the gradual accumulation of excess fat, the inner diameter of blood vessels narrows, blood vessels harden, resistance increases, blood flow velocity and blood flow velocity decrease, and blood circulation is affected. In addition, too much fat also leads to insufficient lung capacity. Because of weight gain, the body's oxygen demand and carbon dioxide production also increase, and both oxygen and carbon dioxide need to be converted in the lungs, so the burden on the lungs naturally increases, but chest wall obesity will affect the normal expansion of the lungs (that is, the lung capacity will decrease). (5) Other diseases Obese children will increase their body mass index when they enter adulthood, which is equivalent to diseases in their fifties and sixties when they reach adulthood. Hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, cholecystitis, joint diseases, fatty liver, endocrine disorders, gout and so on will all appear. The reproductive system development of obese adolescents is relatively slow. It will form some physiological phenomena such as male infertility, testicular dysplasia, low sperm survival rate, less menstruation and decreased sexual desire in women. [3] In addition, obesity is also easy to cause sleep apnea, which is due to the excessive accumulation of fat in the neck, chest, abdomen and diaphragm of obese children, which hinders the movement of chest wall, and the throat is relaxed when lying flat, and the upper respiratory tract narrows under the gravity of adipose tissue, causing dyspnea. (6) The influence of obesity on the intelligence of primary and secondary school students Obesity is a disease that has affected children's normal study and life. Eating too much may lead to "brain obesity", and too much fat will accumulate in the brain, which will greatly reduce the wrinkles of the brain and make the cerebral cortex smooth, thus leading to mental decline. 1989, Xiao Li and others investigated the intelligence and academic performance of some obese children in Nanjing 18 primary schools. The results show that the IQ of obese children (the total IQ of Wexler Children's Intelligence Scale is the sum of language IQ and operational IQ) is lower than that of normal children, because the operational IQ is lower. The level of operational IQ reflects the children's vision, perception, acceptance and ability to grasp key points. Therefore, obesity will affect children's ability in the above aspects. The reason for this simple obese child's low IQ is not that obesity leads to some organic disorder of the body, but that obesity makes children's intelligence not fully developed and puts their learning ability and quick thinking at a disadvantage. Therefore, the ability to operate, distinguish and understand things is not as good as that of ordinary children. [4] 2. The psychological harm of obesity to teenagers and the social problems it brings are various. In school, fat children who organize group activities such as games and dancing are often afraid to participate because they are bloated and inconvenient to move. The test results show that these may be because obese children are relatively clumsy and slow-witted, which often causes ridicule and rejection of their peers, affects normal social interaction, and is prone to inferiority complex, interpersonal sensitivity, withdrawal or impulsiveness. Obese teenagers are heavier, have a bad image, are often teased by others, and their self-esteem is greatly hurt, which often weakens their self-confidence. Therefore, most simple obese children will become timid, suspicious, withdrawn and even autistic. Faced with the lack of effective coping methods, people often overeat to satisfy themselves, which leads to the further development of obesity and forms a vicious circle that is not easy to break [4]. Conclusion and Suggestions At present, the obesity rate of adolescents in China is on the rise, which has become the focus of attention of society, schools and many families. In view of the complexity of the causes of overweight and obesity among adolescents, we should establish a prevention and treatment model involving society, families and schools, improve the prevention and treatment files of overweight and obesity among adolescents, and attach importance to annual physical examination and medical follow-up services; Encourage young people to participate in physical exercise, adjust their diet structure, cultivate good living habits, and continuously reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people. References [1] Storym, Sherwoodne, Himes JH, et al. An after-school obesity prevention program for African American girls [J].Ethndis, 2003, 13:54-64. [2] Ji Monitoring report on health risk behaviors of urban adolescents in China in 2005 [M]. Beijing: Peking University Medical Press, 2006. [3] Guo Zeru. Talking about children's exercise to lose weight from the appearance of obese children. Humanities Forum [4] Chen Shu 'e, Li Jianying.

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