1, sufficient energy, 250-400g of cereals and potatoes, including rice, flour, miscellaneous grains, etc. every day. Ensure that protein is sufficient, and give priority to high-quality protein food (per day 150-200g), such as lean meat, fish, shrimp, eggs and soybeans. And try to ensure an egg and 300g milk and dairy products every day (yogurt can provide intestinal probiotics, and you can choose more); Increase the intake of essential fatty acids through a variety of edible vegetable oils, especially single unsaturated fatty acid vegetable oils, and the total fat energy supply ratio reaches 25-30% of the total dietary energy.
2. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Vegetables are more than 500 grams per day, and fruits are 200-350 grams per day. Choose dark fruits and vegetables.
3. Ensure adequate drinking water. 1500-2000 ml daily, divided into several times, mainly plain water or light tea. Vegetable soup, fish soup and chicken soup before and after meals are also good choices.
4. Resolutely put an end to eating wild animals and eat less spicy food.
5. protein and micronutrients, such as B vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin D, can be supplemented by nutritionally fortified foods, formula foods for special medical purposes or nutritional products. ? .
6, to ensure adequate sleep and moderate physical activity, physical activity time is not less than 30 minutes. Appropriately increase sunshine time.
? Nutritional therapy for critically ill patients
1, eat less and eat more, 6-7 times a day. Liquid foods that are conducive to swallowing and digestion are mainly eggs, soybeans and their products, milk and its products, fruit juice, vegetable juice, rice flour and other ingredients. Pay attention to add enough high-quality protein. During the period of gradual remission, you can eat some semi-liquid foods that are easy to chew and digest, and gradually transition to ordinary diet with the improvement of your condition.
2. If the food does not meet the nutritional requirements, the enteral nutrition preparation (formula for special medical use) can be used correctly under the guidance of a doctor or a clinical nutritionist. For critically ill patients who can't eat normally by mouth, nasogastric tube or nasojejunal tube can be placed, and nutrient solution can be pumped by gravity drip or enteral nutrition infusion pump.
3. In the case that food and enteral nutrition are insufficient or impossible, parenteral nutrition should be used to maintain basic nutritional needs for patients with severe gastrointestinal dysfunction. It can reach 60%-80% of the previous nutritional intake. After the illness is relieved, you can gradually supplement energy and nutrition to achieve sufficient amount.
4. The patient's nutrition plan should be made according to the general situation of the body, intake and outflow, liver and kidney function, glucose and lipid metabolism, etc.