In tennis, the word "feel" is very abstract, but it also has its profound connotation and is contemporary. The confirmation and enlightenment of development, training and competition are more and more recognized by people. The former becomes the main condition of selecting materials and the important content of training work. Up to now, although the hand feel problem has been concerned by most people, there are few researchers, and the training and research on hand feel in tennis circles in China has not been scientific and systematic. Because the hand feeling involves a wide range and runs through the whole exercise process, it has broad development prospects in scientific research (theory and training). I chose this topic as the research object and took the liberty to put forward my own preliminary and superficial views. The purpose is to remind me of the role of throwing bricks to attract jade, arouse arguments and discussions among experts and coaches interested in this field, and fill the gap in this field as soon as possible for practice.
Second, research methods:
1, summary of practical experience
2. Literature research methods
Three. Research and discussion
1, the definition and significance of feeling
Definition of hand feeling:
Hand feeling is divided into two parts: external objective reflection and internal subjective feeling.
(1) External objective reflection: An athlete can reasonably and accurately return the ball to the position he wants to hit when dealing with different incoming balls (including balls with different strength, hitting point, rotation and rhythm) under the condition of mastering various hitting actions and adjustment methods. This ability to handle and adjust is the feel.
(2) Intrinsic subjective feeling: that is, the sense of the ball, which refers to the athletes' perception of various incoming balls and their own hitting process. This kind of perception is controllable, which is in line with or close to objective practice. The so-called strong hand feeling means strong ability in the above two aspects.
Understanding of the significance of hand feeling and hand feeling training;
Hand feeling training is one of the important contents of basic training, and training hand feeling is to improve athletes' ability to perceive, adjust and handle the ball in practice. Although the hand feel is more prominent and obvious in all kinds of spinning balls and putting small balls, it cannot be limited to these two aspects. When an athlete makes any hitting action, it contains the function of hand feeling, so it is necessary not to completely separate the basic training from the hand feeling training, let alone oppose it. Good hand feeling is a favorable prerequisite for mastering basic skills quickly and well. Grasping the handle well in basic training is also essential for quickly mastering and improving basic skills and stabilizing the technical level in the competition.
It is particularly worth emphasizing that with the rapid development of contemporary tennis technology, it has developed from relatively simple attack and defense in the 1920s and 1930s to a new and reasonable combination of various styles of play and various hitting techniques. The organic combination of speed and rotation; Various changes in strength, rhythm, wisdom and tactics, and the improvement of various protection and anti-control technologies. In the instant change, how the athletes feel undoubtedly plays a decisive role in the victory or defeat of the game.
2. About the training of hand feeling:
(1) relaxation problem:
Relaxation is a prerequisite for developing a good hand feeling. If nervousness easily leads to stiffness, and the arm is in a tense and stiff state, it is impossible to have a good feel. Because when an athlete swings and hits the ball, the sensory nerve endings wrapped around muscle fibers and buried in tendons will be excited with the pressure stimulation generated by muscle movement, and this signal will be transmitted to the kinesthetic cells in the cerebral cortex through the nerve conduction system, and the movements of various parts of the body will be sensed through analysis and synthesis, which is the standard feeling. The cerebral cortex can adjust the muscle movements with the change of the environment through the interaction of standard sense, vision, touch and internal sensors, so as to achieve the accuracy and coordination of hitting the ball. Therefore, the more relaxed you are before hitting the ball, the stronger and clearer the excitement generated by the pressure stimulation of nerve endings when hitting the ball, and the cerebral cortex can quickly and accurately analyze this feeling, and the sensitivity to external changes will be higher, and the feel will be deepened when hitting the ball. For example, when athletes use the small ball technique, as long as their hands are relaxed, even if their judgment is unclear, they still feel at the moment of touching the ball, and there is room for quick adjustment to return the ball to the net. On the contrary, the arm is tense, and the hitting effect in this case is no different from that in general. The above situation is due to excessive tension, which causes the signals of nerve endings to be weak and unclear, and the cerebral cortex will be blurred when analyzing and synthesizing, resulting in poor sensitivity and affecting the hitting action, adjustment and feel.
In a word, relaxation is an important issue related to feeling good or bad. Combined with special training, I think we should clarify three issues:
① Relax the grip: the hitting action is completed by the cooperation of arms, wrists and fingers. The grip is reasonable and relaxed, so that the wrist and fingers can be flexible and free, and the hitting is the basis. But the grip should be moderately relaxed. If the grip is too loose, the racket will shake easily when hitting the ball, which will also affect the feel and stability of hitting the ball. The relaxation of grip is a very hidden problem, and even the difference of finger position will cause tension, which requires the coach to be meticulous in observing training and competition. Solving problems should be based on the characteristics and hand types of athletes, which varies from person to person.
② Relaxation before hitting the ball: arm relaxation before hitting the ball plays an important role in hand feeling, and arm relaxation before hitting the ball depends on the coordination of preparatory actions. Improper footwork movement, center of gravity exchange, and hand back pull will all cause tension in the arms or muscles of the whole body, which will affect the hitting feel. Therefore, before hitting the ball, we must ensure that the footwork is reasonable, the center of gravity is properly exchanged, and the hand is naturally relaxed when shooting, so that the movements of the whole body and arms can be coordinated and soft when hitting the ball, so as to have a good feel.
③ Relaxation after hitting the ball: Tennis hitting the ball is a continuous process. Relaxation after hitting the ball is to prepare for the return of the cricket ball, which is equally important to the feel of hitting the ball, but it is not difficult to master. In the process of hitting the ball, it is necessary to stabilize the hitting point and coordinate the action; Don't stay in front for too long after the arm is hard; Don't just use the strength and movement of the arm to restore laterally, but must use the center of gravity to drive the reduction of the arm. The speed of lowering the center of gravity is fast, which is beneficial to the stability and relaxation of the arm in the next stroke.
(2) the relationship between the center of gravity and arm movements:
Proper handling of the center of gravity and arm movements is the fundamental guarantee and the main factor to improve the feel. Tennis is a whole-body sport, and the hitting action can be roughly divided into two parts: the center of gravity exchange and the arm action, except the footwork action. The two are closely related and organically combined. The exchange of center of gravity refers to the coordinated efforts of legs, hips and waist. The arm action refers to the swing action of hitting the ball through the local or all coordinated force and adjustment of the arm, forearm, wrist and finger, and the force of exchanging the center of gravity also acts on the hitting action through the arm.
Therefore, when analyzing the hitting action, it can be said that the center of gravity is the root and the fulcrum, while the arm action is the direct synthetic participant. Most hitting actions involve the interaction between center of gravity exchange and arm movements, and its general rule is to use center of gravity exchange to drive arm movements. Never separate the two, which is not conducive to the establishment of a good feel.
In training, the coach should put forward two identities, namely, to exert force in the same direction at the same time, to simplify the hitting action as much as possible, to integrate the center of gravity exchange with the arm action, and to strive for a concise, reasonable, clean and coordinated hitting action.
(3) Leverage (joint training)
Nowadays, tennis is developing rapidly. With the increasing difficulty of hitting the ball, it is very important to establish the feel and stabilize the technical level. To master the skills of using borrowing power, I think there are three questions that need to be clarified.
1. Lever force: In general, the greater the strength of the opponent's ball, the stronger and deeper the feeling and reflection on the hand when the ball touches the racket (except high pressure). This is because we have great strength, the ball will eat more on the racket face, and we will feel the strength and rotation of the opponent's ball sensitively, making it easier to return the ball. The forward force of the ball is the strongest in the rising period, and then the hitting force is the biggest: when the ball falls, the forward force will weaken, and then the hitting force will become smaller, which is the basis of borrowing power.
When we hit the ball, we borrow each other's strength and add our own strength. When we hit the ball, the two forces combine to produce considerable speed and strength. Not only can it increase the feel, but it is also threatening and has a high hit rate. After this concept is clear, the rest is a question of playing time. ② Basic hitting time: It is most suitable to hit the ball with the help of power in the late rising period and the highest point, because the hitting time in the early rising period is too short and too fast to be adjusted, mastered and stabilized, while the forward force of the ball in the falling period is very small, so it is difficult to borrow power, and the speed and feel of the ball are poor only by its own strength; And hitting the ball at the late stage and the highest point of the rising period can not only make use of the forward force of running the ball during the rising period, but also ensure hitting the ball. Therefore, it can be said that the second half and the highest point of the rising period are the ideal time to return to the ordinary ball. In view of the large proportion of the second half in the batting time and the highest point of the rising period, it can be used as the basic batting time for key training.
3 explosive force: the forearm and wrist suddenly concentrate on accelerating when hitting the ball, which is the explosive force of hitting the ball. Its characteristics are strong suddenness, high speed and good hand feeling. When shooting, the swing of explosive force, speed and strength can offset the rotation of the incoming ball and control the ball well.
(4) Adjusting the ball.
In tennis, the subtle difference of hitting action will directly affect the hitting result, so adjusting the ball is the essence of hitting process, which plays the role of finishing touch. I think the adjustment ball can be roughly divided into: friction adjustment, racket adjustment, strength adjustment and so on.
① Friction adjustment: It is one of the most widely used methods in practice. The key point is that the racket type is fixed before hitting the ball. When hitting the ball, different parts of the ball are rubbed by the strength of the forearm and wrist to make the ball rotate and control the running arc of the ball. Its advantages are that the ball stays on the racket face for a long time, the hitting arc is good, the hand feeling is strong and the accuracy is high.
② Racket adjustment: The method is to change the racket angle before hitting the ball according to the different rotation of the incoming ball, and hit the backspin, topspin or flat ball with different parts of the ball. However, due to the great variety of racket types, it is difficult to control and easy to make mistakes when attacking.
③ Strength adjustment: The application of strength is directly related to the feel and accuracy of hitting the ball. Generally speaking, the law of using strength is that people despise me and others despise me. Under special circumstances, some people emphasize me (pull) and some people despise me (counter-charge). In view of the high insurance coefficient, large use ratio, certain speed and threat, medium strength can be used as the basic strength to focus on training.
Training the feeling of adjusting the ball is a work with high artistic content. Because everyone feels differently, the difference between adjusting the ball correctly or not is very wonderful, and even it is difficult for the naked eye to find it. Therefore, in training, the coach should patiently observe, ask and study, and let the players talk about their feelings to induce and improve.
(5) Other questions:
In addition to the subjective factors mentioned above, the feel of tennis is also influenced by many objective factors, which are unknowable. Roughly as follows:
① The material of the tennis court affects the running speed of the ball, thus affecting the player's feel;
(2) The ever-changing materials of tennis rackets are of great benefit to the improvement of hand feel;
③ The change of wind direction and speed during the competition will affect the fans, and then affect the athletes' hand feeling;
④ It is suggested that athletes should be trained under various conditions during the training of nursing day, so that these objective factors can form a dynamic stereotype in athletes' minds and minimize their influence in the competition.
Four. Conclusions and recommendations:
1, conclusion:
(1) Through practice, hand feel has been paid more and more attention and has become an important topic in scientific research, training and material selection.
(2) Relaxation is the premise of cultivating good hand feeling.
(3) Correctly handling the center of gravity and arm movements is the basic guarantee and the main factor to improve the hand feel.
(4) It is very important to master the ability to make good cards.
(5) Adjusting the ball is the concentrated expression of the essence and feel of the hitting process and plays the role of the end point.
2. Recommendations:
(1) In the future, the tennis community in China should further develop and tap its potential in the research, training and material selection of hand feel, so as to quickly fill the gap in this field.
(2) A good feel is not built in a day, but should be started from an early age.
References:
1, "Practice Tennis with Experts") Tao Zhixiang
2. General teaching materials of sports anatomy and sports physiology in Physical Education Institute.