Xuanzang (zàng, 602-664), whose real name is Chen, is commonly known as Master Sanzang and Tang Priest. The Gou people in Los Angeles (Gou G! U, Gou, now Gou Town, Yanshi County, Henan Province). Xuanzang was his legal name after becoming a monk. Xuanzang was born in an official family where the whole family believed in Buddhism. He is sensitive and studious since childhood, gentle in temperament, sincere in treating others and pays attention to etiquette. His second brother, Chen Su, became a monk in Jingtu Temple in Luoyang. Chen Su often takes him to the temple to listen to Buddhist scriptures. Gradually, Xuanzang became interested in Buddhism. /kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, the emperor summoned Buddhists to Luoyang Temple, but he was not admitted because his age did not meet the requirements. Seeing that he was different from ordinary people, Dali Qing Zheng, who was in charge of recruitment, asked him why he became a monk. Xuanzang replied, "To inherit and develop Buddhism." Zheng secretly marveled, making an exception and accepting him as a disciple, taking the legal name Xuanzang. & gt In the early years, Xuanzang went to Sichuan to study Buddhist scriptures. At that time, Sichuan was relatively stable, and many famous monks gathered all over the country. Xuanzang learned from them with an open mind and made rapid progress. He has read all the Buddhist scriptures in China, some of which have many ways to explain. He doesn't know who is right or wrong, and he is very confused. Therefore, he studied Sanskrit (fàn) and decided to go to Tianzhu (Zhuú, now the Indian Peninsula), the birthplace of Buddhism, to learn from the scriptures. & gt Xuanzang set out from Chang 'an in 692 (the third year of Zhenguan) and embarked on the road to the west. At that time, the western part of China was still under the control of Turks, and people were forbidden to leave the country privately in the Tang Dynasty. The government rejected Xuanzang's application, and none of his reserved companions went. Xuanzang did not lose heart. In the autumn of 627 AD, he followed some businessmen to the west of Gansu, and when he was approaching Yumenguan (the last checkpoint on the border of the Tang Dynasty), Xuanzang's horse died of illness and his two young monks deserted. The officials behind him came after him again. Xuanzang hid in the inn and didn't know what to do. Li Chang, the official of Guazhou State, came in with a hunting document and asked, "If Master tells the truth, I can do something for you." Seeing that Chang Li was also a Buddhist, Xuanzang gave him a name. Chang Li exclaimed, "It's amazing that Master is determined to learn from Wan Li. I will try my best to help. " After that, he tore up Datong paper and said, "Master, get out of the customs before dark, or it will be too late." Xuanzang was pleasantly surprised, so he quickly left the inn and ran to Yumenguan. & gt Xuanzang was walking alone in the desert. One day at noon, he came to the first beacon tower. He was drinking water when an arrow shot at him. Xuanzang hurriedly shouted to the beacon tower: "I am a monk in the Tang Dynasty, and I want to go to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. Please do it conveniently. " The officers and men guarding the beacon tower found out the purpose of Xuanzang's westward journey, and they all admired him and sent him across the beacon tower. In the fourth beacon tower, the beacon tower officer (the general officer guarding the beacon tower) kept him overnight, provided him with enough dry food and water, gave him an old horse, and told him, "The fifth beacon tower officer is a murderer. If he is caught, his life will be in danger. Please detour! " & gt Xuanzang is on his way again. We can't see any birds and animals in the middle of the desert. The heat wave is rolling during the day and the cold wind is biting at night. Sometimes, because of the sudden change of airflow, you will see a phantom. You can see people and horses clearly, but when you get closer, there is nothing. Sometimes you can see a pool of clear water. When you run over, a pool of clear water is still in front, but you will never get there. Along the way, there are human remains everywhere. Xuanzang left 100 Li, and he was really tired. He stopped to drink water. Unexpectedly, when taking the skin, I accidentally spilled the water in the whole skin into the desert. Where can I find water in the endless desert? Xuanzang endured extreme thirst and walked for five days without finding a drop of water. His throat was so dry that he almost smoked and finally fainted in the desert. I don't know how long I slept, but one night in the middle of the night, a cool wind blew gently and Xuanzang woke up. Fortunately, because the old horse had walked through the desert before, he remembered that there was a spring in front of him and carried him to the water's edge, which saved Xuanzang's life. & gt After more than half a month's trek, Xuanzang finally walked out of the 800-mile desert and came to Gao Changguo (now Xinjiang). King Gao Chang, originally a * * *, admired Xuanzang's strong move and promised to give him a generous reward and leave him in Gao Changguo. Xuanzang said, "I came all the way to ask for Buddha, and now I am stopped by the King. The king can only keep my body, but not my heart. " King Gao Chang still refused to let him go. He hasn't eaten for three days in a row, which shows his mentality. On the fourth day, King Gaochang was moved and promised to send him to the Western Heaven, and gave him clothes, dry food, porters and thirty horses. He also wrote to the kings of countries along the way, asking them to protect this long-distance monk. & gt After that, Xuanzang crossed the famous wooden glacier and walked for a whole year, and arrived in Tianzhu in the summer of 628 AD. Here, he saw many tall ostriches; Look at the 150-foot-high stone statue and the 1000-foot-long stone statue of the reclining Buddha; I also saw herds of elephants. He swam the Ganges several times and visited the historical sites of Buddhism. He visited the city of jiā yè (now Gaya, Bihar, India), where there is a bodhi tree more than 50 feet high, and the founder of Buddhism, Sakyamuni, once practiced penance under it. He went to the Western Heaven Lingshan mentioned in Buddhist scriptures and visited the Dojo of Sakyamuni. These field trips deepened Xuanzang's study of Buddhist scriptures. & gt Then, Xuanzang began to look for famous monks and masters to study, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and other countries, and finally lived far away in Nalanda Temple. Nalanduo Temple in the state of Mojatuo (now southern Bihar, India) is the highest institution of Buddhism in Tianzhu, with a history of more than 700 years, where more than 65,438+00,000 monks practice Buddhism all the year round. On the day Xuanzang arrived at the temple, more than 65,438+0,000 monks and many people held flowers to welcome guests from China. The abbot (monk in charge) of Nalanduo Temple is a Taoist priest over 100 years old. He gave up studying long ago, but in order to show his friendship with China, he made an exception and accepted Xuanzang as an apprentice to give him lectures. It took him 15 months to tell Xuanzang the most difficult Buddhist scriptures. & gt Xuanzang studied Buddhist scriptures day and night and learned the local language with excellent results. In Nalanduo Temple, there are 1 000 people who are familiar with 20 classics, 500 people who are familiar with 30, and only 10 people who are familiar with 50. Xuanzang is one of the 10 people. But he didn't stop studying. 10 years, he consulted everywhere in Tianzhu, became a monk like Xie Xian, and was familiar with all the mysteries of Confucian classics. Xuanzang became the most famous Buddhist in India at that time. & gt In 6 14 A.D., Xuanzang Road passed through Qunnvcheng (now the season in Nm÷o, Uttar Pradesh, India) and was welcomed by the abstinence king. Just then, a man who opposed Nalanduo Sect wrote a paper and presented it to the king of the Anti-Japanese War, claiming that no one could refute a word. As an avid Buddhist, King Jerzy decided to hold a grand general meeting (academic debate) in Qunnvcheng. During the debate, the Anti-Japanese War King invited Xuanzang as the keynote speaker. The meeting was attended by the kings of Tianzhu 18 countries and more than 6,000 scholars. The monks and civilians are even more crowded. Xuanzang was talking on a gem bed specially designed for him. He cited many examples and repeatedly demonstrated his views, and everyone who attended the lecture was fascinated. He also hung his book "On Breaking Evil" at the entrance of the venue, waiting for a reply. The argument lasted 18 days, and no one could raise any objection. On the day of the meeting, the kings of various countries gave Xuanzang a lot of money. Xuanzang himself did not leave a penny, but gave it all to the local poor. & gt The King of the Anti-Japanese War sincerely left Xuanzang in India again and again. Another king even said that he was willing to build a hundred temples for Xuanzang as long as he was willing to stay with them. However, after a long separation, Xuanzang missed his motherland and decided to return to China to pass on his knowledge. On the day he left, the Lord of the Rings in Japan and his local Indian friends sent him dozens of miles in tears before they reluctantly left. & gt At the beginning of the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an, the capital of China, with more than 650 Buddhist classics, and settled in Baima Temple in Luoyang. It has been 18 years since he set off from Chang 'an. & gt Xuanzang sneaked out in violation of the ban when he went abroad. After learning everything about Xuanzang, Emperor Taizong admired his indomitable spirit, pardoned his crimes, and specially sent Prime Minister Fang to Chang 'an to meet him as a hero. & gt On the 24th day of the first month, Chang 'an City was crowded with people, with fragrant flowers on both sides of the road and loud music. Tens of thousands of monks and nuns in Chang 'an lined the streets to welcome Xuanzang back and put the scroll Buddha statues brought by Xuanzang in Hongfu Temple. & gt Xuanzang went to Chang 'an to meet Emperor Taizong, and introduced what he saw and heard during his journey, as well as the customs of the Western Regions and Tianzhu. Emperor Taizong listened with relish. He suggested that Xuanzang be an official in North Korea and help him manage state affairs. Xuanzang declined. & gt Soon, Xuanzang began to translate Buddhist scriptures. He gets up at five o'clock and goes to bed at three o'clock every day, tirelessly translating classics. During the period of 19, * * * translated 74 Buddhist scriptures, 1335 volumes,130,000 words. His translation is fluent and beautiful, and he is loyal to the original. Some technical terms, such as "India", were translated by him and are still in use today. & gt The long and arduous translation work exhausted Xuanzang's energy. In February, 664, this great traveler, outstanding translator and famous Buddhist sat down in Yuhua Temple on the outskirts of Chang 'an. Before his death, Xuanzang also wrote an important historical and geographical work, The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang, together with the debaters and monks who participated in the translation of Buddhist scriptures. This book records the geography, historical sites and urban scenery of Xinjiang, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Now, The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang has been translated into many foreign languages and has become a world masterpiece. Scholars all over the world are studying it further.