2. My mother. Hu Shi, Zi Shi, was born in Jixi, Anhui. In his early years, he actively advocated vernacular Chinese and made certain contributions to the New Culture Movement and the New Literature Revolution. Published "Improvement of Literature" and put forward "eight noes" in literature. The first new collection of poems, Attempt Collection. His main works are: Collected Works of Hu Shi, Outline of China's Philosophy History and History of Vernacular Literature. Stylistic knowledge of My Mother: Biography and autobiography: Biography refers to the genre of articles that record the life stories of characters, including autobiography and other biographies. Autobiography is called autobiography; Someone else wrote it, please ask him to pass it on. Autobiography writing should pay attention to authenticity, completeness and focus. Title Understanding: Central Content: This article is a review of the author's middle-aged life. He deeply recalled how he grew up from childhood to adolescence under his mother's strict requirements and deep care, showing his mother's incomparable love and excellent quality for his son and expressing his nostalgia and love for his mother.
3. My first book. A famous poet, formerly known as Shi. My first book refers to the primary school textbook used by the author when he was a child, and also refers to the first lesson of his life. Taking this as a clue, the author recalls the tragic reading life of his childhood. Central content: This article describes the story of my first book, which has an unusual experience and is the real first book in my life. Through this first book, the author eulogizes the true feelings of the world and expresses his profound observation and unique understanding of the suffering life. It reflects the miserable life in the rural areas of China in the early 20th century, the human warmth and the joy of life in the miserable life.
4. "Leo Tolstoy. Stephen? Zweig, Austrian writer and critic. His main achievements are in literary biography and novel creation. The novel Feeling Confused is internationally renowned, and Gorky called him a "first-class artist".
Understanding of the topic: Leo? Tolstoy is the greatest Russian writer and critical realist writer in19th century. This article is selected from three writers. Central content: This article is a portrait of Tolstoy. The author not only shows us Tolstoy's unique appearance, but also reveals his profound and outstanding spiritual world and his noble and extraordinary soul.
5. reshape your life. Helen? Keller is an American woman writer, educator and social activist. A blind, deaf-mute woman strives for self-improvement, overcomes great difficulties to finish college, and at the same time participates in social activities to help disabled children, protect women's rights and interests, and strive for racial equality. Won the Presidential Medal of Freedom. His main works are "If you give me three days of light" and so on. The famous writer Mark Twain once said:/kloc-There were two great figures in the 9th century, one was Napoleon and the other was Helen? Keller. Understanding of the title: Reinventing Life means "The light of love shines on me", which means that Miss Sullivan has given me a new life path and made me gain new knowledge, nature, society and love life in out of the dark. Central content: This paper describes Sullivan's superb educational art, and also describes the author's thirst for knowledge and hard and happy life experience, expressing the author's gratitude and reverence for Sullivan.
6. It's snowing. Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, published Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, which laid the cornerstone of the new literature movement. His main works include novel collection "Scream", "Wandering" and prose collection "Flowers in the Morning and Evening Picking Up".
Stylistic knowledge: Prose poetry: Prose poetry is a literary genre, which is written in the form of prose and has the characteristics of both prose and poetry. It has the general characteristics of prose, but it is more concise than prose language, using symbols, hints and other techniques. Central content: This paper gives a vivid and detailed description of the snow in the south of the Yangtze River and the snow in the north. Through comparison, this paper expresses such an emotion: the snow in Jiangnan is peaceful and quiet, which makes people like it; But lofty beauty should be like the snow in the north, dare to face the bleak life and sublimate it in the fierce battle.
7. ode to thunder and lightning. Guo Moruo, formerly known as Guo Kaizhen, was born in Leshan, Sichuan. Modern outstanding writers, ancient philologists and historians. Goddess, a collection of poems, became the cornerstone of China's new poetry. Topic understanding: This article is the second scene of the fifth act of Guo Moruo's historical drama Qu Yuan, which is the climax of the whole drama. Central content: By describing Qu Yuan's inner monologue of praising the wind, thunder and lightning and angrily denouncing the gods, he created an image of a politician and poet with profound patriotism and fearless fighting spirit, thus showing the author's noble sentiment and lofty ideal of hating the darkness, longing for the light, being loyal to the motherland and loving the people. This poem integrates Qu Yuan with wind, thunder and electricity, realizes the assimilation of things and me, shows the power of pursuing light and destroying darkness, makes the image of Qu Yuan the embodiment of light and justice, and shapes an immortal patriot image. )
8. "Two essays". Ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yaotang, was born in Chengdu, Sichuan. Famous modern and contemporary writers. The first novel, Death, mainly includes novellas such as the torrent trilogy (home, spring and autumn) and the love trilogy (fog, rain and electricity), and has published Revenge and General and God? Ghosts? A collection of novels and stories of people and other navigation, resurrection grass and dragons and tigers? Dogs and other essays, Random Thoughts was published after the Cultural Revolution, which caused great repercussions. Understanding of the topic: "Sun" and "Moon" have been symbols of light and hope since ancient times. With the theme of "the sun" and "the moon", the author expresses his feelings by borrowing things, showing the spirit of sacrificing everything in pursuit of light and changing the world. Central Content: The sun symbolizes the pursuit of light and heat by moths and Kuafu, and praises those who sacrificed their lives and beautiful personalities in pursuit of light. By describing the icy moonlight and the legend of Heng E flying to the moon, the moon praised the spirit of giving up everything in pursuit of ideals. Both of these short essays show the author's hopes and beliefs about life and life. "Tian" is full of enthusiasm; The moon is exquisite and quiet.
9. Haiyan Gorky, a Russian writer, is famous for his novel Mother and autobiographical trilogy Childhood, On Earth and My University. This article is the ending part of Fantasia and Spring Tune, originally titled Song of Haiyan. Stylistic common sense: symbol: it is an important form of expression in literary creation, that is, it expresses some abstract concepts, thoughts and emotions according to some connection between things and with the help of the image of a specific thing. It can express emotions tactfully and tactfully, and enhance the artistic expression and appeal of works. Central content: By describing Haiyan's brave, optimistic and strong spirit of fighting against the storm, the author praises the proletarian revolutionary warrior like Haiyan, whips all kinds of selfish and cowardly unrevolutionary elements such as seagulls, sea ducks and penguins, and the counter-revolutionary forces represented by "dark clouds" and "strong winds", showing the author's emotional attitude of advocating evil and promoting good, and distinguishing between love and hate. It created the artistic image of Haiyan, cheered for the coming revolutionary storm, and sang an ode full of fighting passion for the proletariat. )
10. Songs. Ji? Huh? Ji Bolun is a Lebanese poet and painter. He is the author of prose poetry anthology Tears and Laughter, Prophet, Sand and Foam, etc. This article is selected from Tears and Laughter. There are five prose poems in Song Group, and two of them are selected here.
Understanding of the topic: "Composition" is to combine several poems, which is based on genre, and "song" is a genre symbol.
Central content: Song of the Waves uses anthropomorphic techniques to write the waves and the coast as lovers. Through their inseparable love, it expresses the author's determination to love and defend the motherland and is a philanthropist. "Song of Rain" also uses anthropomorphic techniques to write the nourishment and care of rain for all things in the world, and praises those selfless devotees and messengers of friendship.
1 1. Fear of nature. Yan Chunyou is the author of Holographic Unity of the Universe (co-authored with Wang Zhen) and New Theories of Western Philosophy.
Stylistic common sense: argumentative writing: argumentative writing mainly adopts the expression of discussion, and its contents, arguments and arguments run through it, but it has a remarkable feature, which is strong literariness, the use of literary language and strong lyrical elements and emotional colors. Understanding of the topic: human beings should respect all things in nature, fully understand the great power of nature, respect all rights of life, cherish nature and live in harmony with nature. Central content: This paper expresses its own views on the relationship between man and nature: the author opposes the conquest of nature claimed by human beings, and thinks that human beings should fundamentally change their concepts, respect and cherish nature, and live in harmony with nature.
12. Lop Nur, the lost Fairy Lake. WU GANG, a contemporary reportage writer. This article is selected from the author's reportage "Be Kind to Home —— A Record of Geological Disasters in China". Stylistic common sense: This article is reportage. Reportage is a literary genre with the characteristics of literature and news. The characteristics of news require truth, while the characteristics of literature require artistic processing, paying attention to symbols and expressing emotions. Understanding of the title: "Fairy Lake" This is an affirmation and praise of Lop Nur's past. But now the Fairy Lake has disappeared, which is a summary and negation of Lop Nur today. The title expresses the author's infinite sadness and regret by contrast, which is of warning significance. Central content: Based on the comparison between the past and the present in Lop Nur, this paper warns the world with strong voice and angry feelings that it is necessary to establish the environmental awareness of the whole people and do a good job in ecological protection.
13. The mystery of lemmings. Wei's major works include Strange Continent-Antarctica, Antarctic Dream and the Call of the North Pole. Stylistic common sense: scientific essays: essays that combine science with literature and introduce scientific knowledge. Short in length, with the characteristics of knowledge, science, interest and literariness, it combines narrative, discussion and lyricism in one furnace. Central content: This paper vividly introduces the three mysteries of lemmings in the form of dialogue, and reflects on lemmings, thinking that we humans should also actively control the reproductive speed like lemmings. .
14. The geese return. Leopold, an American ecologist and environmentalist, is the founder of modern environmental ethics. He is the author of Shaxiang Yearbook. Understanding of the topic: "Gui" has two meanings in the text. First, the geese fly back; The second is called goose, which expresses a feeling of love and expectation. Central content: This paper personifies geese and expresses the author's love for them. The author believes that geese are human partners, and animals make the earth full of vitality, poetry and joy. Humans should cherish beneficial animals and live in harmony with them, and should not harm them by virtue of their own advantages.
15. Hello-Come out. Shinichi Hoshino, a modern Japanese science fiction writer, is known as the "originator of mini-novels" in Japan. Stylistic common sense: This article is a science fiction novel, also known as "science fiction", which expresses the material, spiritual, cultural life and scientific and technological prospects of human beings in the future world in the form of fantasy, and its content is intertwined with science, foresight and imagination. Science, fantasy and novel are usually regarded as their three elements. It is a literary style with the vigorous development of science and technology. The understanding of the topic: "Hey-come out" is the cry of a young man in the text. He wants to judge the depth of the hole according to the echo. This article is intended to warn people that destroying the environment will be retaliated by nature. This title is also a window and a warning, which is very vivid. Central content: This paper takes environmental pollution as the theme, and describes the process of finding a deep hole and the process of flying out of things thrown into the hole, so as to warn people that destroying nature will be retaliated by nature. Warn people that they should protect the environment.
16. Song of Yunnan. Shen Congwen is a modern writer and a researcher of historical relics. His representative works include the novel Border Town, Essays on Xiangxing San Ji Xiangxi, and works on the study of ancient Chinese costumes. Stylistic knowledge: Yunnan folk songs: Yunnan is a multi-ethnic area, and folk singing activities occupy a particularly important position in the lives of people of all ethnic groups, and almost penetrate into all fields of life. They pour out the mutual love between men and women with songs, stimulate the labor enthusiasm in the production struggle with songs, and express the joy of harvest and the joy of programs with songs. . . . . . The content is very rich. Central content: This is an interesting article. The author vividly described the singing situation on three different occasions and expressed his taste and appreciation of nature, people and art.
17. Duck eggs for Dragon Boat Festival. Wang Zengqi, a native of Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province, is a writer. His representative works are short stories "Chronicle of Big Noisy" and "Being ordained". Central content: The article "Eating Duck Eggs at Dragon Boat Festival" is very easy to read, and it is very interesting to listen to the elders talking about the past and the present under the moon. What is leisurely and serene is the nostalgia for childhood life and the love for hometown.
18. Shout loudly. Xiao Gan, formerly known as Xiao Binggan, is a Beijinger, a famous journalist, writer and literary translator. Xiao Gan and his wife Wen Jieruo set out to translate the famous British novelist James? Ulysses of Joyce. Understanding of the topic: "Shouting" means shouting loudly, which means selling things, driving animals, calling, etc. This paper mainly refers to all kinds of hawking in the streets and lanes of old Beijing, which reflects the local conditions and customs of Beijing. Central content: The author introduces the hawking from day to night, from selling vegetables and playing phonograph to begging, as well as the hawking with the characteristics of the four seasons, which shows that the author has a special feeling for the shouts of Beijing, that is, happy homesickness.
19. Spring wine. Qi Jun, formerly known as Pan Xizhen, is a female writer in Taiwan Province. Zhejiang Yongjia people. Representative works include essays, novels and children's literature, including Smoke Sorrow, Spinning Lantern, Sleeping at Night, Fragrant Flowers and Rain, etc. Understanding of the topic: "Spring wine" is the wine to drink in spring. During the Spring Festival in Zhejiang, every household invites relatives and friends to taste their own brewed wine, which has gradually developed into a folk custom. Qi Jun expressed his homesickness through the narration of "Spring Wine". Central content: This essay expresses the author's nostalgia and yearning for childhood life and the homesickness of wanderers through the affectionate narration of customs such as "Spring Wine" and "Meeting Wine".
20. Miracles of the world. Contemporary writer Feng Jicai. Originally from Cixi, Zhejiang. He is the author of the novel The Legend of the Magic Lamp and the novella collection The Road to Pave Flowers and Ah! , the short story "Diao Guan". Understanding of the topic: "earthly" refers to civil society, mostly people living in the lower classes, "strange people" refers to folk artists or skilled craftsmen with unique skills, and in this paper refers to "clay figurine Zhang" and "eloquent bully". The title contains evaluation and praise. Central content: In the sense of "wonders of the world", the author takes the superb skills of two craftsmen as the topic, and through a very dramatic event, gets a glimpse of the superb skills and wisdom of the little people.
2 1. A letter to Zhu. Wu Yun, a native of Xing Wu (now Anji, Zhejiang), was a writer and historian in the Southern Dynasties. He is the author of Qi Chunqiu. Understanding of the topic: "harmony" gives; "book"; Letter; Title: A letter to Zhu. Central content: This paper describes the strange and beautiful landscape of Fuchun River, showing the author's incomparable love for natural rivers and mountains, and also revealing his seclusion thoughts.
22. Biography of Mr. Wu Liu. Tao Yuanming, a writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The name is hidden and the character is bright. Tao Yuanming initiated the pastoral school and was a famous "pastoral poet". Representative works include Returning to the Garden, Drinking, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, and Peach Blossom Garden. Understanding of the topic: This is a unique biographical article, written by Tao Yuanming in the name of Mr. Biography of Mr. Wu Liu is a typical figure who combines ideal with reality. He created an image of a hermit independent of the secular from the aspects of thought, personality, hobbies and living conditions, and showed the noble sentiment of being poor and happy. . A biography is a written record of someone's life story. Central content: Starting from the identity and appellation of Mr. Wu Liu, the article focuses on his life and personality characteristics, portrays a peaceful and happy hermit image who does not admire Li Rong, and expresses the author's spirit of being peaceful, happy and independent.
It is an autobiography written by the author in the name of Mr. Wu Liu.
23. "Ma said that Han Yu was the first of the" Eight Masters of Tang Zong ". Tang writers. The world is called Han Changli, also known as the official department of Korea, and posthumous title is also known as Han Wengong. There is a collection of Mr. Changli. Topic understanding: an argumentative style of ancient "Shuo", which is used to state the author's views on some social problems, similar to modern essays. "Ma Shuo" means "talking about horses" or "talking about horses", and its content is to make comments with a swift horse. Central content: Taking Bole and Maxima as metaphors, the article reveals the phenomenon that the rulers deny, destroy and bury talents, and expresses the author's strong indignation and deep regret.
24. Send Ma Shengdong Yang Xu. Song Lian, whose name is Jinglian, is Qianxi. Pujiang (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) people. Writers in the early Ming dynasty. He comes from a poor family, but he has been diligent and studious since childhood. He, Liu Ji and Gao Qi are great poets in the third year of Ming Dynasty, and they are known as "the first of the founding civil servants". Author of Selected Works of Song Shi Xue. Stylistic common sense: about "preface": preface is a style. Most of them are descriptive words before works or poems, that is, the preface of poems. There is also a gift sequence, which is specially used for farewell to express farewell, wishes and encouragement. This article is the preface.
Central content: This paper describes the author's experience of studying hard in his youth and encourages young people to study hard and become people with both ability and political integrity.
25. Five Poems. Author Liu Yuxi, a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Word dream, Luoyang people. There are "Collected Works of Liu Mengde" and so on. Du Mu, a native of Mu Zhi, was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. Poetry is as famous as Li Shangyin, and is known as "Little Du Li" in the world. There are "Collected Works of Fan Chuan". Wen Tianxiang, whose word is good, is also known as Song Rui, a Taoist, whose names are Wenshan and Fuxiu. Outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in Southern Song Dynasty. He wrote the famous Zhengqi Song and The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan. Su Shi, whose name is Zi Zhan, is Dongpo Jushi. A literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. There are complete works of Dongpo. Zhang, the word Ximeng, is a person. Sanqu writers in yuan dynasty. Understanding of the topic: "Enjoy Lotte at the First Banquet in Yangzhou" is a reward for Bai Juyi's poem "Drunken to the Twenty-eight Ambassadors of Liu" written at the banquet. "Reward" is to answer with a poem. "Lotte" is Bai Yiju. "Red Cliff" is a nostalgic work with the title of place names. "Nostalgia for the past" in Tongguan Goat shows that mourning for the past and pursuing the past are the main writing angles of this song. Central content: Yangzhou's first appreciation of Lotte not only shows the author's infinite bitterness and resentment at being relegated and abandoned, but also shows the poet's firm will and optimistic spirit. Red Cliff borrows the stories of Zhou Yu and Cao Cao, and shows the poet's frustration and grievance. By recalling the difficult course of its resistance to the Yuan Dynasty, Du Yang shows the poet's pain of worrying about his country and his lofty ideal of dying for it. Mink Head expresses his optimistic and open-minded attitude towards life and good hope for life by expressing his political feelings and nostalgia for his brother. By hanging Tongguan historical sites, Tongguan Mountain Sheep Nostalgia shows such a historical theme: in the long feudal society, people still live a miserable life no matter how dynasties change. It shows the author's thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
26. The story of Xiaoshitang. Liu Zongyuan, with thick words. Hedong people, commonly known as Liuhe East. A writer and philosopher in Tang Dynasty. Han Yu and Han Yu are both advocates of the ancient prose movement, known internationally as "Liu Han", and both of them are included in the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". Prose is the greatest achievement in literature. He is the author of Liuhe East Collection. The Snake Catcher and Eight Records of Yongzhou are both famous works, among which Eight Records of Yongzhou is regarded as a model of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, which has been circulated for thousands of years. Stylistic knowledge: Travel notes: works describing travel experiences and local scenery. It can describe mountains, rivers, places of interest, as well as social politics, economy and customs. The style is fresh and vivid. Main contents: This paper describes the journey of visiting Xiaoshitang and describes the scenery around Xiaoshitang. Through the contrast between the quietness of Xiaoshitang and the author's sadness, it shows the author's inescapable depression, and also implicitly shows the author's dissatisfaction with the cold reality.
27. "Yueyang Tower". Fan Zhongyan, word Xi. Politicians, militarists and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty. Childhood loneliness and poverty, studious. I have been an honest official and a strict officer all my life. After his death, posthumous title became "Zheng Wen". This is Fan Wenzheng's public collection. Central content: This paper describes two different feelings of seeing things when "moving guests" climb the building, and expresses the author's broad-minded mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad about things" and his political ambition of "worrying about the worries of the world first, and enjoying the joy of the world later", and also expresses sympathy and advice to Teng.
28. Drunk Pavilion. Ouyang Xiu, whose real name is Yong Shu, is an alcoholic on June 1st and a layman. Writers and historians in the Northern Song Dynasty. Posthumous title, the leader of the ancient prose movement in the Northern Song Dynasty, was one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". There is a collection of Ouyang Wenzhong's works.
Central content: By describing the beautiful environment, changing natural scenery and the scene of the Taishou having fun with the people in Zuiweng Pavilion and its vicinity, the author expresses his political thought of having fun with the people, and dispels his depressed thoughts and feelings by indulging in the mountains and rivers.
29. Travel Notes of Man Jing. Yuan Hongdao was a writer in the Ming Dynasty. The word Zhonglang is a famous teacher and a native of Huguang Public Security (now Hubei Public Security). Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Zhongdao are also called "Three Parks of Public Security". Author of Complete Works of Yuan Zhonglang. Central content: This paper describes the early spring scenery in the suburbs of Beijing with a fresh style, expresses the author's happy mood, and twists and turns show the author's feelings of abandoning the city and officialdom life and caring for mountains and rivers.
30. Five Poems. Tao Yuanming, a diver, has a distinct personality. A famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The author of Tao Yuanming's collection. Li Bai, whose word is too white, is called a violet layman. Great poet of Tang Dynasty. The world calls it "poetry fairy". The author of the complete works of Li Taibai. Du Fu, with beautiful words, was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and was praised as a "poet saint" by the world. The author of Du Gongbu's works. Cen Can, a frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty, was once a secretariat and was called "Cenjiazhou". He is a representative of the Frontier Poetry School in Tang Dynasty, and he is also called "Gao Cen" with Gao Shi. He is the author of Cenjiazhou Collection. Gong Zizhen, a native of Renhe (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province, was a pioneer of modern enlightenment thought. Central content: Drinking (Part V) expresses emotions and ambitions through drinking. By enjoying the natural scenery in rural life leisurely, it shows that the author is tired of official corruption, determined to live in seclusion and purify himself, and detached from the secular pursuit of life. The author of Hard to Walk (I) describes the ups and downs of life with hard to walk, and expresses the author's unremitting pursuit of ideals. Through his true feelings about poor life, Autumn Wind Breaking Grass House shows the noble spirit of pushing others and longing for a better life. Bai Xuege's Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Hometown expresses the poet's praise for the frontier fortress scenery and his farewell to his friends with vivid and beautiful snow scenes. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems shows the poet's firm determination not to be afraid of setbacks, unwilling to sink, and to serve the country.