Literary common sense, as a knowledge point often observed in exams, should attract the attention of candidates.
Among them, the common sense of foreign literature is mainly to repeatedly examine important figures and representative works.
The following are important writers and works in the common sense of foreign literature for reference only. It is recommended to read repeatedly to deepen your memory.
I. Ancient literature
(1) ancient Greek literature:
1. Homer's Epic: Iliad and Odyssey
2. Three great tragic writers: Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides.
3. Aeschylus: Prometheus in bondage
4. Sophocles: King Oedipus
5. euripides's masterpiece: Medea.
(2) ancient Roman literature:
1. Virgil: The most important poet in ancient Rome, his masterpiece Aeneas.
Second, medieval literature.
1. Literature types: church literature, knight literature, heroic epic, urban literature.
2. Italian Dante is famous for his masterpiece The Divine Comedy, which is divided into three parts: hell, purgatory and heaven. Engels said: "Dante was the last poet in the Middle Ages and the first poet in the new era."
Three. Renaissance literature
1. Shakespeare: the most outstanding representative of the Renaissance. Masterpieces: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear; Four comedies: A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night and All is Happy.
2. rabelais: Known as the "giant" of humanism, his masterpiece Biography of the Giant is the beginning of a French novel.
3. Cervantes: masterpiece: Don Quixote, the most outstanding realistic novel in the Spanish Renaissance.
4. Boccaccio's masterpiece decameron is the first realistic work in the history of European literature.
5. Montaigne: the masterpiece "Essay"
6. Chaucer: Canterbury Tales.
7. rabelais: Masterpiece Biography of the Giant.
Fourth,17th century literature
1. Moliere: French classical comedian. Masterpieces: hypocrite, fantasy of nobility and miser, which created the famous miser Abagong.
2. Milton, an English poet, is a bridge between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment in18th century. Masterpiece: Paradise Lost.
Literature in the fifth and eighteenth centuries
Voltaire: the initiator and leader of the French Enlightenment. Masterpieces: the epic Henry Yade, The Girl in Orleans, the tragedy Odeber, the comedy The dissolute Son, the philosophical novel The Honest Man and The Innocent Man.
2. Rousseau: the most democratic representative of the Enlightenment. Masterpieces: Amir and Confessions.
3. Goethe: a great German national poet. Masterpieces: Faust and Young Werther.
Defoe: the founder of English realistic novels. Masterpiece: Robinson Crusoe.
5. Swift: Created the satirical tradition of English literature. Masterpiece: Gulliver's Travels.
2.20 19 analogical reasoning thinking in solving common sense problems of literature in national examination.
20 19 National Examination (National Civil Service Examination) carries out analogical reasoning, judgmental reasoning and common sense problems in literature: the common sense relations in analogical reasoning include position relations, component relations, functional relations, professional relations and guidance relations.
The examination forms of literary common sense generally include: works and authors (works and characters), works and genres, sources, allusions and so on. The way to solve the problem of analogical reasoning in line test: first, make clear the logical relationship between two words (or phrases) given by the stem.
There are two ways to find the logical relationship between the stem and the question: phrasing and making sentences and comparing horizontally and vertically. Clarify the nuances of various relationships.
There are various relationships between words, some of which are very similar and easy to be confused, so we should pay attention to the differences. 1) the order between words.
2) Rational use of background knowledge. [Example] Burning Books to Pit Confucians: Zheng Gang () A. The Battle of Changping: Wang Jian B. The Last Battle: Sean C. Cross the rubicon: Xiang Yu D. Chen Qiao mutiny: Zhao Kuo A.C.
Analysis: Ying Zheng carried out the policy of burning books and burying Confucianism, and Xiang Yu took the strategy of burning one's bridges to win the battle of Julu.
3.20 18 What is the content of the general knowledge test in Jilin Province?
Must memorize before the exam: common sense of literature at home and abroad, common sense of literature in China 1. The earliest collection of poems was The Book of Songs. 2. The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; 3. The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; 4. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty; 5. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty; 6. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; 7. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty; 8. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty; 9. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty; 10. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty; 1 1. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty; 12. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the early Ming Dynasty; 13. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. 14. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty; 15. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. 16. The most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times was Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. 17. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius; 18. The earliest chronological history book in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan; 19. The earliest biography in ancient times is Historical Records; 20. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in the Tang Dynasty; 2 1. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; 22. The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun; 23. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.
William shakespeare was an outstanding thinker, writer, dramatist and poet in Renaissance England. His works are mostly poetic dramas, including King Lear, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Venice and so on.
His works are outstanding representatives of humanistic literature and occupy a very important position in the history of world literature. Johann wolfgang von goethe is a famous German thinker, novelist, playwright, poet, natural scientist, naturalist and painter, and one of the most important writers in Germany and Europe.
Goethe's works are full of rebellious spirit of soaring movement, and have made great achievements in poetry, drama, prose, natural science, natural history and so on. His main works include the play Goethe von bell Hinggan, the novella young werther, the unfinished poetic drama Prometheus and the prototype of the poetic drama Faust, and the original work Faust. Victor Marie Hugo, one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature, is known as "French Shakespeare", a representative of French romantic writers, a leader of the active romantic literary movement in the early19th century, and an outstanding writer in the history of French literature.
Hugo experienced almost all the major events in France in the19th century. He wrote many poems, novels, plays, various essays, literary comments and political articles in his life, including Notre Dame de Paris, 1993 and Les Miserables.
Hugo died of pneumonia at the age of 83. After his death, France mourned all over the country. From the Arc de Triomphe to the Pantheon, more than two million people attended his funeral.
He was buried in the "Pantheon" where the French celebrity monument gathered. Hugo insisted on justice all his life and eulogized the liberation struggle of the oppressed nation.
1860 After the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan, Hugo published a famous letter, denouncing the criminal acts of the British and French robbers. Charles John Huffington Dickens,/kloc-the greatest British writer in the 9th century, is also a writer who is good at reflecting real life. In his own works, he painted an all-encompassing social picture with superb artistic techniques. His works always show the edge of exposure and criticism, carry out the humanitarian spirit of punishing evil and promoting good, and create many unforgettable characters.
His major works include The Legend of Pickwick, Oliver Twist, Old Antique Shop, Hard Times, Our Friends and so on. Moliere, a French comedian, actor and drama activist, is the founder of French ballet comedy.
His comedies are diversified in types and styles, including farce elements, and show a serious attitude in humor and rudeness. He advocates that works should be natural and reasonable, and emphasizes social effects for evaluation.
His works have a far-reaching influence on the development of comedy art in Europe. In France, he represents the "French spirit".
His works have been translated into almost all important languages and often performed on the stage all over the world. Representative works include Sick * * *, Hypocrite, Miser, Don Juan and so on.
4. What are the necessary cultural common sense of civil servants?
China literature 1. The earliest collection of poems was The Book of Songs. 2. The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; 3. The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; 4. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty; 5. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty; 6. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; 7. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty; 8. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty; 9. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty; 10. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty; 1 1. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty; 12. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the early Ming Dynasty; 13. The earliest novel describing the peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's "Water Margin" in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty; 14. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty; 15. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. 16. The most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times was Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. 17. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius; 18. The earliest chronological history book in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan; 19. The earliest biography in ancient times is Historical Records; 20. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in the Tang Dynasty; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Mao Dun's Midnight, and the most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.
Second, the commonly used metonymy word 1. Mulberry: Hometown II. Tao Li: Student 3. Country, Xuanyuan: Country 4. Nanguan: Prisoner 5. Classmate 6. Fog: War 7. Woman 8. Silk and bamboo: music 9. Male 10. Chang 'e: Moon 1 1. Brothers: brothers 12. History: Yearbook 13. Husband and wife: husband and wife 14. Ding Bai, Buyi nationality: common people 15. Bucky, blonde.
5. Basic literary knowledge about exams
1. Learn about important writers (including names, dynasties or nationalities, major works and their sources, etc. ).
Key writers: China modern writers: Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Lao She, Zhu Ziqing, Bing Xin, Zhao Shuli, Zhou Libo, Wu Boxiao, Cang Kejia, Yan Lu, Wei Wei, Yang Shuo, Wang Yuanjian, etc. China ancient writers: Confucius, Mencius, Zuo Qiuming, Han Fei, Sima Qian, Tao Yuanming, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan, Su Shi, Pu Songling, Wu, Cao Xueqin, etc.
Foreign writers: Andersen, Dodd, Chekhov, Mo Bosang, Gorky, Mark Twain, ostrovsky, etc. 2. Stylistic knowledge should focus on four aspects: ① narrative elements, person, order and details.
(2) Object, characteristics and methods. (3) Arguments, arguments and arguments of argumentative papers.
(4) the format and type of practical writing. The classic exam question 1, The goddess patching the sky left a stone, which was abandoned under Geng Qingfeng, a barren mountain and cliff, and was later brought into the world of mortals by literati and mysterious people, and experienced joys and sorrows.
The above plot comes from the classic Chinese literature (Dream of Red Mansions). 2. In China's classic "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he created a heroic image of riding a thousand miles alone. This hero is Guan Yu, and there are many legendary stories about this hero in this book. Please write the name of a story in concise words (Wen Jiu Hua Xiong).
3. Zhuge Liang, a strategist of Shu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is a household name. He knows astronomy above and geography below, and becomes a representative of wisdom. Among China's four classical novels, another one also created a resourceful strategist. This character is (Wu Yong), and this work is (Water Margin).
4. The plot of the Monkey King's most rebellious spirit in The Journey to the West, a classic literary masterpiece, is (the Monkey King makes havoc in heaven). 5. "The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away all heroes, and success or failure comes to naught ..." This is the opening word of China's classic (Romance of the Three Kingdoms).
6. Drunk Jiang Menshen, Flying Clouds and Bloody Yuanyang Building tell the story of a legendary hero in the Water Margin, and this hero is (Song Wu). 7. After learning Kansai in Lutaiquan Town, can you still write two stories about Lutai in concise language? Lin Xueshan Temple and Songjiang Sanda Zhujiazhuang.
8. Many heroes in Water Margin have been caught up with Liangshan, among which (Lin Chong) is the most representative. 9, "full of absurd words, a bitter tear.
All authors are fools, who can understand the taste. "This is an open-book poem of China's classic (A Dream of Red Mansions).
10, an apricot yellow flag was erected at the top of the mountain, and the words "for heaven" were written on it. Behind the red flag embroidered in front of Zhongyitang: one is called "Shandong Hu Baoyi" and the other is called "Hebei Jade Kirin".
Works ("Water Margin") characters (Song Jiang, Lu Junyi) 1 1, Naisaka bridgehead combative, eyes suddenly widened. With a loud noise, Lei Zhen seems to have defeated Cao Cao's million-strong army alone.
Works (Romance of the Three Kingdoms) Characters (Zhang Fei). 12, when I took it out of the sea, it turned out that there were two gold hoops at both ends and a piece of black iron in the middle, on which was engraved a line called "Ruyi Gold Hoop 13,500 Jin".
Works (Journey to the West) Characters (the Monkey King). 13, "Yungang, don't be a master in front of Jiao Da. Don't say you are like this, even your father and grandfather dare not resist Jiao Da! Jiao Da is not the only one. You are an official, enjoy all the splendor! Your ancestors earned this family business after a narrow escape. Now they don't repay my kindness, but they are my masters.
If you don't talk to me about something else, then we will talk about something else. Let's go in with the white knife and come out with the red knife. "Works (A Dream of Red Mansions) Characters (Jiao Da).
6. How to review the common sense in the civil service examination?
First of all, on the basis of the previous knowledge accumulation, read all the subjects in the common sense part, and do the corresponding special exercises once, without asking too much. Choose some typical and representative topics to do in the sprint stage, with 20-30 questions in each section, so as to truly consolidate and review the content.
Secondly, test questions and simulation training. Candidates should have done many simulation questions before. At this time, candidates should master the time and feeling of doing the questions, and more importantly, master the important and difficult points of the exam by doing the questions.
At this time, do the examination questions repeatedly to test the review effect when you do the examination questions. At the same time, it supports the consolidation and improvement of simulation questions.
Through extensive problem solving, exercise your own problem-solving rhythm and find out the problem-solving rules of examination questions, and decompose your weak points of knowledge one by one. Finally, when the exam is near, go over the knowledge points again to review the old and learn the new.
In addition, look at the previous exam questions and simulation questions, continue to consolidate the right and sum up the wrong experience. Candidates should avoid anxiety and impetuousness, keep calm and read the book again. You can refer to relevant counseling materials and pay more attention to some important difficulties and prediction points. In short, we should adjust our mentality at this stage, don't give up studying, and stick to it all the time.
Second, the preparation method of judging knowledge by using common sense of scores is more complicated, and it is necessary to master the correct preparation review method, so that you can get twice the result with half the effort when reviewing. 1. Pay more attention to national conditions and social conditions.
The so-called national conditions and social conditions refer to China's geography, history, national character and other contents, as well as the country's major policies. Candidates should focus on reviewing this part. For example, the contents of the report of the 18th National Congress, the contents of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee, the Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan and the No.1 Document of the Central Committee.
2. Master the overall context of each subject. The content of common sense judgment test covers politics, economy, law, history and many other aspects, and there are many knowledge points. Candidates should not grab this part with eyebrows and beards. Jiangsu Civil Service Examination Network suggests that candidates grasp the subject content as a whole, and the outline review can better grasp the essence of each subject, so as not to lose big because of small.
Such as the economic part: macro-economy, fiscal policy, monetary policy, income distribution policy, consumption policy, etc. Such as human history: ancient history of China, modern history (Opium War, Westernization Movement, Reform and Reform, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Xinhai Revolution, etc. World history and human literature: ancient literature, modern literature and world literature. 3. Give and take.
There are relatively many test questions, and the answer time is relatively short, while the common sense judgment part covers a wide range. Candidates must master the speed of answering questions, give up the content that has not been reviewed, and spend precious answering time on more confident topics. Third, calm and calm preparation mentality Candidates should believe that through long-term systematic review, their knowledge level will definitely improve and their mastery of knowledge points will become more and more skilled. The mentality of preparation should be adjusted, persevering and persevering.
Give yourself more positive psychological hints, believe that you are the best, and you will definitely get the ideal result.