Phosphorus in soil exists as organic compounds and inorganic compounds, and the total phosphorus content is 400 ~ 1200mg/kg soil, but the available soluble phosphate of plants is less than 5% of the total phosphorus content, so the farmland is often short of phosphorus. Inorganic phosphorus can be easily consolidated into insoluble calcium salt or lead iron phosphate after entering the soil. In order to solve the key problem of soil available phosphorus deficiency, microorganisms can play an active role in promoting the dissolution of insoluble phosphate and the rapid mineralization of organophosphorus.

Many microorganisms in soil metabolize and produce acid, which can promote the dissolution of insoluble phosphate. Some species, such as Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Micrococcus and Bacillus, and fungi of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium have strong phosphorus dissolving ability. These microorganisms produce a variety of organic acids (such as citric acid), which can be combined with calcium, magnesium and iron plasma to increase the solubility of insoluble inorganic phosphide.

Nitric acid and sulfuric acid produced by nitrifying bacteria and sulfur oxidizing bacteria are beneficial to the release of phosphoric acid from rocks and minerals. In addition, iron phosphate with low solubility is reduced to ferrous salt under anaerobic conditions, and hydrogen sulfide produced by bacterial action reacts with ferrous phosphate to generate iron sulfide and release phosphoric acid.

The organophosphorus compounds in soil are mainly nucleic acids, phospholipids and calcium magnesium phytate. A large number of saprophytic microorganisms can rapidly decompose nucleic acids and phospholipids and release phosphoric acid. There are Aspergillus Niger, Bacillus megaterium and some Pseudomonas with strong decomposition ability.

Although 30 ~ 50% of microorganisms isolated from soil have the ability to decompose calcium magnesium phytate, it may be because they combine with clay minerals and decompose slowly.