Putting forward a research topic is generally considered from three aspects: background, present situation, foundation (or importance, necessity and possibility).
1. Background: The developed educational situation, new educational ideas, ideas, requirements or teaching concepts, methods and means we are facing have had an important impact on teaching practice.
2. Present situation: The most urgent problem that we must study and solve in time is the gap between the actual situation of education and teaching work in this region and this unit and the changed educational background.
3. Basis: the exploratory research done by the members of the research group or others on this issue, and the preliminary research results that have been obtained.
Second, the definition of the concept:
Refers to the connotation of some important words in the name of the main topic (sometimes including some sub-topics), the research scope of the topic, etc.
Note: The important points of this study need not be repeated.
Third, the theoretical basis:
The research of this topic tries to draw lessons from and apply the main theories, doctrines, viewpoints and principles, so as to obtain the main research ideas and teaching concepts that support this research.
Four, the main research objectives and contents:
The main research goal (the hypothesis of the subject) that I try to achieve through the research of this subject, and which sub-topics the main subject is decomposed into, and the specific research tasks of each sub-topic. There should be a reasonable and close logical relationship between the research purpose of the topic and the sub-topic. The research of each sub-topic can completely show the research framework of the main topic. These sub-topics are relatively independent, interrelated and highly operable, and can be implemented in the education and teaching practice of the members of the research group.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) main research methods and research objects;
1. research methods: mainly including literature method, action research method, investigation method, case study method, experience summary method, etc. , can also be supplemented by mathematical statistics, detection and analysis, tracking and comparison, structure and function, observation, pursuit, attribution, history, experiment and other research methods. It is necessary to explain how to give full play to the instrumental role of the research methods adopted to serve the research of this topic (or sub-topic).
2. The research object generally refers to people, mostly students and some teachers. It is necessary to find out whether we are studying all students or some students (or teachers) in our unit.
VI. Forms of research results:
Generally, it includes research report, collection of essays, compilation of excellent teaching plans or activity designs, compilation of cases, observation class (courseware, CD-ROM), collection of students' works, publication or award-winning of teachers' papers, etc.
Seven, the composition and division of labor of the members of the research group:
The members of the research group should include the project leader, the sub-project leader and the front-line teachers who participate in the research. External lecturers, consultants and other personnel should be treated differently according to their responsibilities and obligations.
The members of the research group shall be responsible for or part-time planning, organization, coordination, overall planning, management, research, guidance and consultancy.
Eight, implementation steps:
1. Preliminary preparation stage:
Establish the main topic and construct the sub-topic; Set up a research group to clarify the division of responsibilities; Establish and improve the learning exchange system; Complete the demonstration and declaration work; Formulate the implementation plan of the main project and the work plan of the subproject; Conduct necessary preliminary investigations or tests.
2.
Research implementation stage: it can be divided into the first stage and the second stage, and the research is carried out according to the implementation plan, during which an interim report can be arranged. The interim report is not vigorous in form, but should pay attention to actual results. Through the interim report, let the members of the research group see the preliminary results of the research, find out the shortcomings or problems, clarify the research tasks in the next stage, then adjust the implementation plan and modify the work plan of the sub-project, so that the later research will not deviate from the direction and lay a good foundation for the smooth end of the project.
3. Appraisal stage: complete the writing of the conclusion report and data collation, and make full preparations for the appraisal of the results.
Question 2: How to write a survey report on practical topics generally consists of two parts: the title and the text.
(1) title. There are two ways to write a title. One is the standard title format, that is, "post theme" plus "genre", and the basic formats are "investigation report on ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× The other is freestyle title, which includes the combination of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences and positive and negative questions. Statements such as "Investigation on the Employment of Postgraduates in Northeast Normal University" and questions such as "Why do college graduates choose coastal areas and Beijing-Tianjin areas" are combined with positive and negative titles. The main conclusions of the investigation report are to state or raise central questions on the topics. The negative titles indicate the object, scope and problems of the investigation, which is actually similar to the standard format of "publishing topics" plus "languages", such as "The development of colleges and universities focuses on discipline construction DD ×××.
(2) the text. The text is generally divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion.
1. Introduction. There are several ways to write it: the first way is to state the reason or purpose, time and place, object or scope, process and method, and personnel composition of the investigation itself, and draw the central question or basic conclusion from it; The second is to state the historical background, development survey, actual situation, main achievements, outstanding problems and other basic situations of the respondents, and then put forward the central issues or main viewpoints; The third is to come straight to the point and directly summarize the survey results, such as affirming the practice, pointing out the problems, prompting the impact, and explaining the central content. The preface plays the role of making the finishing point, and it should be concise and to the point.
2. theme. This is the most important part of the investigation report, which introduces in detail the basic situation, practice and experience of the investigation and research, as well as various specific understandings, viewpoints and basic conclusions obtained from the analysis of the materials obtained from the investigation and research.
3. It's over. There are also many ways to write the ending, which can put forward methods and countermeasures to solve the problem or suggestions for improving the work in the next step; Or summarize the main points of the full text and further deepen the theme; Or ask questions to arouse people's further thinking; Or look to the future and send out encouragement and call.
How to write an investigation report 2011-8-919: 01:46
Question 3: How to write the design ideas, methods and contents of the topic 1. How to write a summary of the topic?
The abstract of the subject is written by collecting the relevant documents involved in the subject and comprehensively analyzing the necessary market research.
Through the writing process, we can understand relevant information, expand our knowledge and comprehensively apply what we have learned. Asphalt design idea is the basis of engineering design.
The summary of the topic is only about 800 words, which requires accurate expression, clear views and refined words. We should grasp the characteristics of "synthesis" and "narration". The "comprehensive" type requires comprehensive analysis and induction of the materials and market research, so that the materials are more refined and clear, and more logical. Description and iushiyaoqiu discuss this topic more professionally, comprehensively, deeply and systematically. In a word, the abstract of the topic is a high summary of the historical background, previous work, focus of debate, research status, development prospect, purpose, significance, innovation and practical value of the topic.
When writing, we should pay attention to the following questions:
1. The collected documents should be as complete and new as possible. Mastering comprehensive and up-to-date literature is the premise of writing a good summary.
2. Pay attention to the representativeness, reliability and scientificity of the cited documents. Citation should be faithful to the original document.
3. References cannot be omitted, generally requiring more than ten articles, which must be read directly by the author.
Second, how to write the design ideas, methods and contents of the project.
1, writing design ideas
Generally speaking, it is what kind of general ideas designers use to complete their own project design. The content mainly includes the design scheme of the topic, the main components of the design steps, where there are some innovative breakthroughs in the topic, what kind of design effect is achieved, and how to show the design results at last.
2. Writing of design methods
There are many design methods, such as case analysis, cross coordinate method, investigation and analysis method, brainstorming method, hope point example method, bionics method, analogy method, reverse thinking method, contraction and expansion method, defect list method, chart list method, etc., but it is impossible to use only one design method when designing topics. It can explain which design methods are mainly used in a certain stage of design. When we apply various methods, we must do it in strict accordance with the requirements of the methods, not by experience or common sense. For example, when we want to conduct market research, we should clearly formulate questionnaires and clarify how to conduct analysis, including comprehensive analysis and design analysis.
3. Writing of design content
Briefly introduce why I made this design (explain the shortcomings of the existing design), and focus on the main contents of my project design, and what I will focus on, hoping to make a breakthrough.
How to write the project research plan and fill in the project declaration form
1, about the theme declaration form
If it is not filled in as required, it should be filled in as required.
If the title of the topic on the cover is adjusted in the research plan, the cover here needs to be adjusted accordingly; Project leader, only fill in1; Completion time, the project research cycle is generally one year, or 1-2 years, and the completion time should be filled in at the end of a certain month, and the official start time of project research is earlier than the time of filing and filling out the form; You can write a form of results, usually reports, including investigation reports, experimental reports, research reports, conclusion reports, etc. And the paper is the advanced form of the report; Unit and position, title, generally fill in 3 items, no position, fill in 2 items of unit and title; The postal code and address should be clearly filled in, and the contact telephone number should be complete. Generally, the telephone number of the company (own office) and my mobile phone number should be filled in to facilitate our contact.
Secondly, the division of labor within the project should be clearly filled out in the relevant information of other members of the research group, especially who is responsible for the overall design of the project and who undertakes the task of writing the project conclusion report; The opinions of the person in charge of the project, the official seal of the unit and the signature of the leader in charge of the unit are indispensable. If the project has been approved, it should be signed and sealed, otherwise your research will not be supported by the unit and leaders.
2, about the topic of the topic
Education and scientific research courses >>
Question 4: How to write a research paper? The writing methods of the investigation report are as follows: 1. Familiar with the structural characteristics of the investigation report; Second, we must master the writing procedure of the investigation report.
(A) the structure of the investigation report
Generally speaking, the contents of the investigation report generally include: title, introduction, general introduction, data statistics, rational analysis, summary and conclusion or countermeasures, suggestions and attached materials. The resulting investigation report structure includes title, introduction, body, conclusion and signature.
1. Title
There are two kinds of titles of investigation reports: single title and double title. A single title is a title. Among them, there are official titles and literary titles. The title of the official document is "Subject+Chinese", such as "Investigation Report on Chinese Teaching in Rural Middle Schools in Zhejiang Province". The title of the article, such as "XX school-run enterprises"; The second is to indicate the title of the author's views obtained through investigation, such as "adjusting education policy and increasing education investment" The so-called double title means two titles, namely a title and a subtitle. For example, for the benefit of future generations-investigation report on closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation in --XX county.
Step 2 introduce
Getting started is also called getting started It is the preface of the investigation report, which briefly introduces the investigation, or puts forward the introduction of the full text to pave the way for the writing of the text. Common leads are: ① Short leads. Briefly introduce the subject, object, time, place, method and process of the investigation; ② General introduction. Summarize the contents of the survey report (including topics, objects, survey contents, survey results and analysis conclusions, etc.). ); ③ Explanatory introduction. That is, a brief introduction and explanation of the origin of the subject. ?
3. Text
The text is the main body of the investigation report. It describes the facts and related materials obtained from the investigation, discusses the analysis and synthesis, and explains the results and conclusions of the investigation and research. The structure of text has different frames. ① Frames for arranging materials according to logical relationship are: vertical structure, horizontal structure and vertical and horizontal structure. Among these three structures, people often adopt vertical and horizontal structures. (2) According to the level of content expression, the framework is composed of "situation-result-problem-suggestion" structure, which is mostly used to reflect the basic situation of the investigation report; The structure of "result-concrete practice-experience" is mostly used to introduce the investigation report of experience; The structure of "problem-reason-opinion or suggestion" is mostly used to expose the investigation report of the problem; The structure of "event process-event nature conclusion-handling opinion" is mostly used for investigation reports that reveal the right and wrong of cases.
end
The content at the end is mostly the investigator's views and suggestions on the problem, which is the inevitable result of analyzing and solving the problem. The ending methods of the investigation report mainly include supplementary, deepening, suggestive and heuristic. sign
The signature of the investigation report shall indicate the name of the unit and individual where the respondent belongs and the completion time. If the investigator is indicated under the heading, it can be omitted when signing.
(B) the writing procedure of social practice investigation report
Generally speaking, writing a social practice survey report has to go through the following five procedures:
1. Determine the theme
Theme is the soul of investigation report, which is of decisive significance to the success or failure of investigation report writing. Therefore, to determine the theme should pay attention to:
The theme of the report should be consistent with the theme of the investigation;
Redefine the theme according to the results of investigation and analysis;
The theme should be small and focused; Coordinate with the title to avoid title errors. ?
Step 2 choose materials
The systematic and complete survey data obtained through statistical analysis and theoretical analysis still need to be carefully selected when organizing the survey report, and it is impossible and unnecessary to write a full report, so we should pay attention to the selection. How to choose materials? ① Select materials related to the theme, and remove irrelevant, irrelevant, secondary and unimportant materials to make the theme concentrated, distinct and prominent; (2) Pay attention to the combination of material points and surfaces. Materials should not only support a certain viewpoint in the report, but also support each other to form a superficial "atmosphere";
Among the existing useful materials, we should compare, identify and choose the best material to support the author's point of view, so that each material is equal to one.
3. Layout and outline preparation
This is the key link in the conception of the investigation report. Layout refers to the form of investigation report, which is embodied in the outline and is the skeleton of the article. The process of drawing up an outline is actually a process of further classifying and structuring the investigation materials. The principle of this framework is ... >>
Question 5: How to write the research outline, how to write the research outline Generally speaking, the research report has the following three characteristics:
1
, highly targeted. Investigation usually has a predetermined topic or theme, so the investigation report must be closely around.
Writing around a specific theme or topic,
It should not contain too much content.
If there are many topics that need to be investigated,
you can
Divide it into several sub-reports, and then summarize it into a comprehensive total report. But according to the requirements of teams and groups and general enterprises,
Or should it be
"
The entrance is filial and the topic is prominent.
"
The research report is appropriate.
2
, editing narrative editing discussion. The writing method of research report should include both narrative part and analysis and discussion part to describe things.
Give priority to reality and make clear what to investigate; But there must be rational and objective analysis to make the truth clear; of course，
There should still be discussion,
Highlight your point of view. This kind of research report carries weight.
Can let readers know the facts and understand.
That makes sense.
three
Explain the point of view of the article with detailed facts. Research reports must have opinions, but not from theory to theory.
Theoretical articles still can't explain the problem.
Due to the in-depth research report,
After careful investigation,
that
Yao,
We must use the example of investigation to speak,
Take facts as the supporting surface of the article's point of view.
That's what such a research report says.
Capable