[Material L] Make a fuss about effective supply: In their view, the current market can not be summarized only by the word "supply exceeds demand". There are too many ineffective supplies that do not meet the market demand and insufficient effective supplies that are marketable, which is an accurate grasp of the current market supply situation. In a big market where supply exceeds demand, there are also products that are in short supply. A wise entrepreneur lies in creating such products. So they began to make a fuss about effective supply, and implemented the product diversion strategy, that is, the diversion of men's and women's shoes, the diversion of styles, the diversion of grades, the diversion of market retail and group consumption, and the diversion of domestic and international markets. The five major diversions have greatly improved the market adaptability of factory products, and the off-season remains unchanged throughout the year, and the peak season is more prosperous.
[Material 2] Work hard on market development: They think that producing good products is the basis of market development. There is no good market without good products, but just having good products does not necessarily mean having a good market. With good products, we should also strengthen the market construction of enterprise products. They made great efforts to build the market from three aspects: setting up the counter image, setting up outdoor advertisements and strengthening the service function, so that the production (products) and sales (markets) could be compared with Qi Fei and Pengcheng Wan Li.
[Material 3] Implementing one area and one policy: They believe that there are also regional differences in a unified big market, and the law of market similarity is manifested by the different characteristics of each region. They divided the sales head office into the south head office and the north head office, and at the same time reduced the number of branches, from the original five branches to 28 branches. Each company only managed sales in one province, and each company put forward its own sales strategy. This strategy of "small company, big market, one area and one policy" has greatly improved the market penetration rate of products.
Please answer:
(l) Among the above three materials, what is the main contradiction that a shoe factory has dealt with separately?
(2) Analyze the relationship between invalid supply and effective supply mentioned in material 1 with the principle of contradictory identity.
(3) Through Material 3, explain how enterprises use dialectics to analyze and solve contradictions, so as to enhance the market penetration of products.
[Key points]
(1) In the above three materials, the contradiction between oversupply and short supply (or the contradiction between ineffective supply and effective supply), the contradiction between production and sales, and the contradiction between unified big market and regional differences are dealt with respectively.
(2) Contradictory identity refers to the interdependence, mutual inclusion and mutual transformation between contradictory opposites. At present, in China's commodity market, there are two aspects at the same time: excessive ineffective supply that does not meet the market demand and insufficient effective supply that is marketable. Excessive ineffective supply contains insufficient effective supply, and people can promote the transformation from ineffective supply to effective supply by creating certain conditions.
(3) Dialectics holds that the universality of contradiction and the particularity of contradiction are interrelated, and the universality of contradiction exists in the particularity of contradiction and is manifested through the particularity of contradiction. It requires studying the particularity of contradiction on the premise of acknowledging the universality of contradiction. Enterprises analyze regional differences in a unified big market, solve different contradictions in different ways, and implement one area and one policy, which greatly enhances the market penetration rate of products.
4 Mastering the principle of moderation means never exceeding the level of things at any time:
This view is wrong. Degree is the quantitative boundary to maintain the stability of things, that is, the limit, amplitude and scope of things. The philosophical category of degree inspires us to master the principle of moderation when we understand and deal with problems. In order to maintain the normal development of things, we must maintain the original degree of things, in order to promote the development of things, we must go beyond the original degree of things, and we must seize the opportunity in time to promote the qualitative change of things.
chapter two
1. The human mind is supreme;
This view is correct. This is Engels' dialectical judgment on human thinking ability. Human thinking, according to its nature, ability, mission and possibility, can understand the infinite material world, which is the supremacy of thinking, that is, the so-called infinity and absoluteness. However, everyone and even every generation are limited by objective things and their exposure, social and historical conditions, practical level, subjective conditions and limited life, and their behavior is non-supreme, that is, limited and relative. The contradiction between thinking supremacy and non-supremacy is constantly solved in the endless alternation of human generations. The supremacy of thinking is realized among a series of people who are not supreme, and a series of very non-supreme thinking embodies the supremacy of thinking. Denying the supremacy of thinking will lead to relativism and agnosticism; Denying the non-supremacy of thinking will lead to ideological rigidity and absolutism.
Understanding is a process of constant repetition and infinite development.
This view is correct. A correct idea often needs to go through many iterations from practice to cognition and from cognition to practice. This is limited by the exposure degree of cognitive subject and cognitive object. First of all, from the object, things are complex, and the exposure of their essence is a process. People's understanding is also restricted by historical conditions, scientific and technological conditions, practical level and means; Secondly, the cognitive subject is restricted by its own limitations, positions, viewpoints, methods, knowledge level, experience and even physical quality. Therefore, the understanding of objective things, especially more complicated things, must be revised, supplemented and deepened repeatedly through practice and understanding, in order to form a correct thought.
Because the world and its connection and development are infinite in time and space, the development of human practice is a process, and human understanding is bound to be an infinite development process. Practice, understanding, re-practice, re-understanding, cycle, the content of each cycle has reached a higher level.
What you see and hear with your own eyes is a direct experience:
This view is wrong. What you see with your own eyes and hear with your own ears is the feeling stage of perceptual knowledge and the direct perceptual experience. Due to the limitation and particularity of understanding subject and object, some are true reflections of objective facts, and some are false reflections or scams that do not conform to objective facts. Vision and hearing are perceptual knowledge, which is direct and rich, but the disadvantage is that they are intuitive and superficial, and cannot reflect things deeply and comprehensively. We need to analyze it with a scientific attitude on the basis of perceptual experience and upgrade it to rational understanding in order to grasp the essence of things.
4 How to understand the category of value, what are the principles of truth and value, and what are their main differences:
Truth principle and value principle are two major principles in human activities.
The emphasis of truth principle and value principle is different:
(1) The truth principle embodies the requirements of the object scale, and requires people to engage in practical activities according to the true nature and laws of the world when they know the truth, regardless of people's subjective needs and interests; The principle of value embodies the requirements of the subject scale, requiring people's thoughts and behaviors to reflect the satisfaction of the subject's needs and interests.
(2) The principle of truth mainly shows the objective constraints of human activities; The principle of value mainly shows the purpose of human activities.
(3) The principle of truth is the principle of unity in social activities, and the principle of value is the principle of diversity in social activities. Truth is monism, and there is no difference between the subject itself. It is subject to the material unity of the world. Value is diversified, and different subjects have different needs, different value requirements and value choices.
chapter three
1 All history is a history of ideas;
This view is wrong. History is a meaningful and purposeful activity of human beings, and ideological factors play an important role in historical development. Human history includes the history of thought, and it is of great significance to study the history of thought for a deeper understanding of human history and its development.
Historical materialism holds that human social existence determines social consciousness, and social history is first of all the history of production and development of material materials, the history of human practical activities and the history of class struggle in class society. The view that all history belongs to the history of thought is essentially an idealistic view of history.
2 social consciousness belongs to the superstructure:
This view is wrong. Social consciousness is the reflection of social existence, and only the social consciousness that reflects the economic basis of social existence belongs to the ideological superstructure.
For example, political and legal thoughts, morality, philosophy, art and religion, which reflect the economic foundation, all belong to the ideological superstructure. Natural science, logic and linguistics, which do not reflect the economic foundation, do not belong to the ideological superstructure.
3. Economic foundation is the decisive force of social development:
This view is wrong. The economic base determines the superstructure, but the economic base is not the ultimate decisive force for social development. The economic foundation is formed and developed on the basis of productivity, which is determined by productivity. Productivity is the ultimate decisive force of social development, which determines the economic base and all social life through the economic base.
The wrong essence of this proposition lies in saying that the economic foundation is the ultimate decisive force of society, and not understanding that productivity is the ultimate decisive force of social development.
4 The reaction of the superstructure to the economic base may be positive and progressive, or negative and declining:
This view is correct. Dialectical materialism, while affirming that the economic base determines the superstructure, also acknowledges that the superstructure is counterproductive to the economic base. The response of the superstructure may be positive and progressive, or negative and declining. When it serves the economic base that meets the requirements of the development of productive forces, it will become a progressive force to promote social development, on the contrary, it will become a negative force to hinder social development.
The development of science and technology can solve all social problems:
This view is wrong. This is a scientific and technological determinism view that exaggerates the role of science and technology unilaterally.
Science and technology have improved people's ability to understand and transform the world, and promoted the development of productivity and economy. However, science and technology cannot solve the internal contradictions of the capitalist system, eliminate oppression and exploitation, and are not enough to overcome various contradictions in social relations. Without the revolutionary struggle of the proletariat and the fundamental changes in social relations, capitalism cannot be automatically transformed into socialism only by scientific and technological progress. The above viewpoints deny the decisive role of basic social contradictions in social development, the role of class struggle, social revolution and reform in social development, and fail to see that science and technology are in the hands of different classes and people, and their roles are different.