1. Addition and subtraction:
It refers to adding some words, short sentences or sentences in translation according to the differences in thinking mode, language habits and expression modes between English and Chinese, so as to express the meaning contained in the original text more accurately. This method is mostly used in Chinese-English translation. In addition, when translating from Chinese to English, we should pay attention to adding some words implied in the original text and some general and explanatory words to ensure the integrity of the meaning of the translation. In short, through the addition of translation, one is to ensure the integrity of the grammatical structure of the translation, and the other is to ensure the clarity of the meaning of the translation.
2. Split syntax and merge method:
These are two corresponding translation methods. Syntactic splitting is to split a long and complicated sentence into several shorter and simpler sentences, which is usually used in English-Chinese translation. Merging method is to merge several short sentences into a long sentence, which is generally used in Chinese-English translation.
3. Forward translation and reverse translation:
These two methods are usually used in Chinese-English translation and occasionally used in English-Chinese translation. The so-called positive translation refers to the translation of sentences into English with the same word order or expression as Chinese. The so-called reverse translation refers to the translation of sentences into English in the opposite word order or expression from Chinese. Ten rules for writing structured papers!
4. Inverted method:
In Chinese, attributes and adverbials are often placed in front of the modified components. In English, many modifiers are often behind modifiers, so the word order of the original text is often reversed in translation. English-Chinese translation usually adopts inversion, that is, switching long English sentences back and forth according to Chinese customary expressions, or inverting sentences all according to meaning groups. The principle is to make the arrangement of Chinese translation sentences conform to the general logical order of modern Chinese logical narration. Sometimes inversion is also used in Chinese-English translation.
5. Conversion method:
It refers to the transformation of part of speech, sentence pattern and voice in the original sentence in order to make the translation conform to the expression, methods and habits of the target language. Specifically, in part of speech, nouns are transformed into pronouns, adjectives and verbs; Convert verbs into nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions; Convert adjectives into adverbs and phrases. In terms of sentence components, the subject is changed to adverbial, attribute, object and predicative; Turn predicates into subjects, attributes and predicates; Turn attribute into adverbial and subject; Turn an object into a subject. In sentence patterns, turn complex sentences into complex sentences, turn complex sentences into complex sentences, and turn adverbial clauses into attributive clauses.
6. Including methods:
This method is mostly used in English-Chinese translation. The so-called inclusion means that when translating long English sentences into Chinese, English postposition components are put before the head words according to the normal word order of Chinese, so that modifier components form pre-inclusion in Chinese sentences. However, the modifier should not be too long, otherwise it will delay or cause entanglement in the connection of Chinese sentence components.
7. Insertion method:
It refers to the use of dashes, brackets or commas to insert difficult sentence elements into translated sentences. This method is mainly used in translation. Occasionally, it is also used for explanation, that is, appositive, parenthesis or attributive clauses are used to deal with some explanatory elements. Two methods of revising SCI papers!
8. Reorganization method:
In English-Chinese translation, in order to make the translation smooth and more in line with the habit of China's narratology theory, we completely get rid of the original word order and sentence patterns and reassemble sentences on the basis of clarifying the structure of English long sentences and understanding the original meaning of English. A lot of time must be spent to ensure that key people act according to the same information and purpose, which is a great test of physical endurance and thinking ability.
9. Integrated approach:
It refers to the use of a variety of translation techniques, such as conversion, inversion, addition, ellipsis, syntactic splitting and so on. , based on logical analysis, takes the text as the center when translation cannot be done by a certain translation skill alone.