Education-related graduation thesis 1
On Information Society and Innovative Education
In the information age, the competition between countries depends on the competition of innovation ability. Innovative education is the requirement of education in the information age. Innovative education is a comprehensive education, which is characterized by anticipation and participation. Innovative education is an education with the basic value orientation of cultivating people's innovative spirit and ability. It is very important to change ideas and improve teaching methods and means.
Keywords information technology; Innovation; Education; nature
1. The information age calls for innovative education.
Since 1950s, the world has entered the information age. Mahlup, an American scholar, first proposed that whether to enter the information age should be measured according to the contribution of knowledge to the gross national product. 1996, the Beijing meeting of world information technology experts announced that the world has entered the information age. Compared with the previous era, the main difference between the information age and other eras lies in the huge differences in socio-economic forms and cultural communication methods. In the farming era, the country's wealth mainly depended on land and labor; In the era of industrialization, the country's wealth mainly depends on natural resources, capital accumulation, technical equipment and even weapons; In the information age, a country's wealth mainly depends on information, knowledge and wisdom [1]. The economy in the information age is a knowledge-based economy, and the key to determining a country's strength is knowledge and wisdom. Knowledge and wisdom depend on citizens' innovative ability. Therefore, in the information society, the competition between countries depends on the competition of innovation ability.
Comrade Jiang Zemin, a former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, put forward that "innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and an inexhaustible motive force for a country's prosperity". In June, 20001,the National Conference on Basic Education was held in the State Council. The State Council's Decision on Basic Education Reform emphasizes that to implement quality education, we must comprehensively implement the Party's educational policy, conscientiously implement the Decision of the Central Committee of the State Council on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way (Zhong Fa [1999] No.9), correct educational ideas and change educational concepts. On June 5438+ 10, 2006, Hu Jintao issued a great call to the whole country to build China into an "innovative country" within 15 years. In the process of building an innovative country, education undoubtedly undertakes the important historical mission of laying the foundation for building an innovative country. In the historical process of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, innovation is becoming more and more important. Education undertakes the historical mission of laying the foundation for building an innovative country. Serving for building an innovative country and cultivating innovative talents is an inevitable requirement of education in the information age.
Comparing the strong demand for education in the information age with the current education situation in China, we will find that the present situation is not optimistic. It should be said that at present, China's educational concept and form are still in the stage of teacher-centered, indoctrination teaching as the main means and knowledge inheritance as the purpose. How to adapt to the needs of the information age and carry out innovative education according to scientific methods is an arduous task we are facing.
2. The essence of innovative education
What is innovative education? How to cultivate students' innovative spirit? How to carry out innovative education? This is the key problem that we should explore.
In fact, there is no authoritative definition of what innovative education is. Experts and scholars have their own opinions on this.
Gagne, an educational psychologist, divided students' learning types into eight categories: (1) signal learning; (2) Stimulating response learning; (3) training; (4) language learning; (5) Discriminatory learning; (6) concept learning; (7) rule learning; (8) problem solving. [2]
From the epistemological point of view, students' innovative spirit is usually called the ability to solve problems or the ability to actively realize knowledge transfer. We can understand it as the highest stage of learning or the highest form of learning ability.
It can be said that innovative education is not a form of education that is opposite to existing education such as knowledge education and skill education, but deliberately emphasizes the highest result of learning. We can also understand it as comprehensive and targeted quality education.
Some scholars have suggested that innovative education is a comprehensive and comprehensive education. In contemporary society, talent is the first factor of productivity and the first resource of economic and social development. Today's talents are not knowledgeable people in the traditional sense, but innovative talents who can solve new problems in a certain field, open up a new field and open up a new world of career. They can grasp the pulse of the times, gain insight into the contradictions and problems in economic and social development, and put forward effective ways or methods to solve problems, from organizing social resources and creating work systems to promoting problem solving and creating valuable achievements in material and spiritual civilization. Innovative education is a comprehensive education from people's love ambition to tone and expression, which trains an ordinary person into a talent with creative desire and ability.
China's limitations in the concept of innovative talents can easily lead to misunderstandings and deviations in practice. If some put innovative talents in opposition to theoretical talents, applied talents and skilled talents; Some people think that cultivating innovative talents is to let students have practical ability and use knowledge to oppose innovative ability; Some people think that cultivating innovative talents is to offer students several courses of "creativity" and "creative methods", and the so-called innovative quality is opposite to people's all-round development, especially personality development. People who have mastered the so-called creative knowledge and methods may not become real innovative talents [3]. The foundation of innovative talents is the all-round development of people. Innovative consciousness, innovative spirit, innovative thinking and innovative ability are not created out of thin air, nor are they developed completely independently. They are closely related to other qualities of talents. In this sense, innovative education is an all-round development education, which enables innovative consciousness, innovative spirit, innovative thinking and innovative ability to be highly developed on the basis of all-round development. Innovative education is an education with the basic value orientation of cultivating people's innovative spirit and ability, and it is the core of quality education.
Another view holds that the outstanding characteristics of innovative learning (education) are anticipation and participation. They believe that human behavior is determined by a way of thinking called influence, which means that people will not consider how to solve problems before they encounter them. What is used to stimulate and cultivate this impulsive way of thinking is maintenance education (or adaptive education). This kind of education "only teaches people what they already have, rather than educating people to predict the future, to think about the consequences of our current actions and how we can consider solving problems for the future" [4]. In order to implement innovative education, we must change the impulsive thinking mode into the anticipative thinking mode and change the maintenance learning mode into the innovative learning mode. In other words, in the process of education, teachers should not guide students to wait until problems appear before solving them, but should inspire students to have innovative spirit and future-oriented ability. The difference between anticipation and adaptability is that adaptability is passively adapting to external pressure, while anticipation is actively observing and making preparations and strategic choices for emerging trends and consequences. Therefore, expectation is an excellent quality to give full play to the subjective initiative to improve living conditions. Participation is the practice of transforming creative thinking into creative socialization function [5]. The organic combination of expectation and participation is the essence of innovative learning. One view is that innovative learning is investigated from individual learning activities, which means that students can put forward original and novel ideas and methods without sticking to textbooks or teachers' conclusions in this process. In the practice or completion of homework, there are different deduction processes and thinking processes from what teachers or books say. There are new ways to solve and analyze problems. In the process of learning, I can draw the same or similar conclusions with my predecessors through my own independent thinking and exploration. Although this conclusion is not original in society, it is my own independent exploration and an innovative activity beyond myself.
Aside from the difference between philosophy and pure terminology, all schools should have an understanding of * *, and innovative education is an education with the basic value orientation of cultivating people's innovative spirit and innovative ability. Innovative education seeks to stimulate and cultivate all students' innovative spirit and ability on the basis of all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics, and to inspire students to learn knowledge creatively and use knowledge creatively, instead of making students a "memory warehouse" for passively accepting and storing knowledge. "Knowledge is power", to be more precise, it should be said that knowledge is power only if it is creatively used, and knowledge will always be power only if it is constantly innovated.
3. Ways to promote innovative education
To implement innovative education, we must first emancipate our minds and change our concepts. Accelerate the adjustment of teaching content. Improve teaching methods and means, improve teaching evaluation methods, make full use of the guiding role of teaching evaluation, guide teachers' creative teaching, guide students' creative learning, stimulate innovative consciousness, advocate innovative thinking and encourage innovation. In the process of implementing innovative education, first of all, teachers should completely change the teacher-centered teaching concept and truly turn to the enlightening and inquiry teaching concept of student-centered and teacher-led. Encourage students to study actively and explore independently. On the other hand, students are encouraged to exercise their creative thinking and practical ability by participating in various creative and inventive activities. When evaluating students, we should increase the indicators of affirming innovation consciousness and praising innovation achievements, and make them occupy an important position in the whole evaluation system, so as to implement innovation education, with the focus on cultivating students' innovation consciousness and spirit.
To implement innovative education, we must first emancipate our minds and change our concepts. It is very important to improve teaching methods and means. Here, the correct application of modern educational technology and information technology plays a very key role. The development of information technology gave birth to the information age, promoted the development of knowledge economy and triggered the fourth educational technology revolution. Therefore, it is logical to explore ways to cultivate students' innovative spirit through information technology education from the perspective of reforming teaching content and teaching means.
It has been widely recognized that information technology is closely related to cultivating students' innovative spirit and has many advantages. In teaching, we often promote and reform teaching through the integration of information technology and curriculum, thus promoting the implementation of innovative education.
The integration of information technology and curriculum emphasizes the use of information technology to create an information-based learning environment or teaching environment, which can support teaching methods and learning methods that meet the requirements of situation creation, inspiring thinking, information acquisition, resource enjoyment, multi-interaction, independent inquiry and collaborative learning &; Mdash& ampmdash is to realize a new teaching mode characterized by autonomy, inquiry and cooperation, which can not only give full play to the leading role of teachers, but also fully reflect the main position of students, thus giving full play to students' initiative, enthusiasm and creativity, fundamentally changing the traditional teacher-centered classroom teaching structure, so as to truly implement the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability [6].
refer to
Paul Satler. The Evolution of American Educational Technology [M] Library Unlimited Company 1990
[3] Jing Li. Innovative education should be combined with reality and close to the market [N] China Education News, 9th edition, 2006 10.
[4] Ye Baosheng. Methods of learning. On the pine flower. Education in China in the process of economic globalization [C]. Xi An: Shaanxi Normal University Press, 2002.
[5] Guo Jinbin. On scientific innovation [M]. Hefei: Anhui Education Press, 200 1
[6] He Kekang. Meet the challenge of the new stage of educational informatization development [J]. China Audio-visual Education .2006.8
Education-related graduation thesis II
Characteristics and Enlightenment of Contemporary Foreign Ideological and Political Education
The methods and approaches of ideological and political education in China need innovation, while the ideological and political education in other countries has its particularity and similarity. Studying the characteristics of foreign ideological and political education and learning from its reasonable components can provide us with new perspectives and ideas for the reform and innovation of ideological and political education, which is of great significance to the development of ideological and political education in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.
Keywords: foreign countries; Ideological and political education; Characteristics; arouse
The further deepening of China's reform and opening up, the influence of western ideology and the profound changes in people's values under the conditions of market economy have put forward new requirements and challenges to ideological and political education. Foreign countries, especially developed countries, have rich experience in ideological and political education and achieved good results. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the characteristics of contemporary ideological and political education abroad for the innovation and development of ideological and political education in China.
First, the characteristics of foreign ideological and political education
Ideological and political education in developed countries has the characteristics of flexible and diverse forms, broad educational work space, hidden educational methods and means, and strong practicality. There is no reference for ideological and political education in foreign universities, but some practices are similar to our cultural quality education in order to achieve the purpose of ideological and political education. These educational methods mainly include:
General education method
It mainly disseminates and inculcates the American Constitution and the Declaration of Independence as the highest classics to college students, and publicizes the political system of separation of powers and the values of democracy, freedom, equality and fraternity in the United States. Among them, the patriotism education in the United States is unified with the love of capitalism. Loving America means loving its system and lifestyle, believing that it is the most reasonable and superior country in the world, and then faith and loyalty come from love and trust. Japanese citizen courses mainly include modern sociology, ethics, political science and economics. The task of civics course is to let students know about society, including social production process and ownership, Japan's political system and various social problems in Japan. In Singapore, the government puts forward that moral education should "take care of three things and five things", that is, give consideration to individuals, society and the country; Pay equal attention to legal education and human kindness; Ideal and reality walk together; Emphasize the national conditions, national interests, Singapore characteristics, content and form to meet the requirements of the times, the education in the story. British political education includes the following items: citizenship, social studies, British polity, politics and government, social education, European studies and so on.
mass media
In the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries, mass media is a favorable tool for ideological and political education. The government publicizes official political and moral information through television, newspapers, movies and books, thus affecting citizens' political inclination, value orientation and lifestyle. Some western countries have set up TV stations or TV channel programs (including some religious radio stations) specializing in moral education, mainly discussing social hot issues of public concern. For example, there are special TV programs hosted by Republicans and religious TV programs sponsored by churches in the United States, all of which defend American traditional concepts and values and fiercely attack social phenomena that are contrary to their concepts and values in real life. Japanese newspapers, radio stations and TV stations all have political departments or political and economic departments, which are responsible for reporting political events and sending special personnel to track important political tasks for a long time. Japanese mass media instill a lot of current political information into the audience every day, which plays a subtle role in forming people's own political views, thus forming public opinion and influencing political decision-making.
Ways of religious education
Believing in religion has always been a cultural tradition in western countries, and religious education has also become an important form of ideological and political education in western developed countries. Many western countries offer religious classes in schools, systematically imparting religious teachings and beliefs and infiltrating ideological and political education. For example, religious education in Germany aims at cultivating "spirit and personality". In addition to teaching respect for God and religious beliefs, moral education such as respect for human dignity, self-denial, sense of responsibility and helping others is also carried out. Religion serves the government in western countries, and it has been shouldering the function of "ideological and political education". In some western countries, the church not only directly intervenes in national politics, but also permeates religion into people's daily life, and skillfully transforms people's religious beliefs into obedience to the government through religious groups and extensive religious activities all over the country. For example, religion was once the driving force of the American Revolution of Independence. American revolutionary leaders skillfully combined the political task of fighting for independence and freedom with the religious banner, saying that fighting for independence is the arrangement of "God" and carrying out revolution is "doing justice for heaven", thus proving that "the divine right of civil rights" conforms to God's will and their national independence cause is "fulfilling their bounden duty".
Community education method
Community institutions play an important role in the social life of developed countries. As the basic form of lifelong education, community education has been paid more and more attention by developed countries such as the United States, Britain and Japan, and has also become an important carrier of their ideological and political education. The main approach is to use community activities and community public facilities to carry out mainstream cultural propaganda, cultural and sports activities, voluntary service, mental health education, employment guidance and other forms of community activities to help community teenagers establish mainstream world outlook, outlook on life and values, improve self-confidence and cultivate hobbies. Volunteer activities in the United States and France are mostly undertaken by communities, schools and churches, and almost all students have the experience of participating in community volunteers. Through activities such as distributing food and clothes to the homeless, accompanying abused children and teaching African immigrants to speak their own language, participants truly feel that they are helping others and serving the society. The main goal of community education in Australia is to guide young people to join Australia and share responsibility for Australia's future interests. The core principle of Dutch community education is to ask students to learn how to shape their own social culture and social environment, and how to stimulate and improve people's ideological, moral and living environment through mass organization and participation in mass activities. In community safety education, Singapore, Britain and Japan. On the basis of neighborhood interaction, we should carry out the education of harmonious interpersonal relationship among young people, mobilize young people to participate in it extensively, reduce the occurrence of community events and enhance the sense of security and belonging in the community. A major feature of community education in Britain is to encourage community members to participate in community activities and express their opinions on what happens in the community at will, so as to enhance communication and understanding between the government and young people and strengthen mutual understanding between different nationalities and religions.
(e) Practical educational methods
Developed countries attach great importance to ideological and political practice education, shift classroom teaching to social life practice, extend school ideological and political education to students' off-campus life, and carry out colorful and diverse practical activities around social needs. They carry out real education, and schools often show students not only exhibitions of social development achievements, but also exhibitions of prisons and drug control. Some schools in Japan carry out an extracurricular activity of "going to the countryside", so that students can receive labor education, folk customs and love of nature education in islands, rural areas and remote cottages with poor living conditions. The United States often organizes students to visit courts, the mayor's office, and city halls, attend trial meetings, political consultation meetings, and mock presidential elections. And through practical activities to teach college students the federalism, "separation of powers" political system, laws and regulations implemented in the United States. British schools advocate "open and balanced discussion" and set up "school councils" to promote the democratization of school management, so that students can understand the procedures of democratic elections in Britain and master relevant skills. French schools often imitate schools and classes as society and publicize French political, economic and social ideas and values by organizing "mayoral elections" and "parliamentary debates".
Second, the enlightenment of foreign ideological and political education to us
China's ideological and political education has accumulated rich experience in long-term educational practice, laid a solid theoretical foundation, and formed some valuable methods that conform to the law of modern education development. At the same time, some ideas and practices in the practice of western ideological and political education are also worthy of our attention and reference, which has important enlightenment for innovating and improving the content, form, method, means and mechanism of ideological and political education in China and perfecting the scientific system of ideological and political education.
(1) The forms of ideological and political education are diversified. Under the new situation, ideological and political education should actively change the single educational form in the past, constantly expand the educational space and methods, pay attention to the combination of various educational forms, and let the educated enjoy it. While doing a good job in theoretical education, we should organically combine reasoning with emotion, integrate ideological and political education into cultural activities, mass media, environmental construction, management and services, encourage college students to participate in interaction, so that they can benefit from participation, feel in entertainment and practice in life, and constantly improve their autonomy, enthusiasm and creativity. Pay attention to the combination of explicit and implicit forms of education, carry out a large number of practical activities and cultural environment edification education, and enhance the attraction and penetration of ideological and political education.
(2) Socialization of ideological and political education. Establish and improve the working mechanism of ideological and political education composed of family, school and society, and the whole society will jointly undertake the task of ideological and political education. While doing a good job in ideological and political education in colleges and universities, we should establish a smooth communication channel and feedback mechanism between home and school, give play to the responsibility of families in educating their children's healthy growth, purify social atmosphere, create a good atmosphere of public opinion, and actively publicize and advocate mainstream ideological and political ethics; Increase government investment, mobilize positive factors, form a coordinated and cooperative ideological and political education network including families, schools, teaching units, non-governmental organizations, communities and mass media, give full play to its strong joint efforts, expand the coverage of political education, strive to leave no blank area in ideological and political education, pay attention to creating a good ideological and political education atmosphere, maintain the strong penetration and durability of ideological and political education, and let people feel and receive ideological and political education in large and small atmospheres.
(3) The service function of ideological and political education. In terms of the function of ideological and political education, developed countries pay attention to the change from simple education to equal emphasis on education and service. The United States and Japan attach great importance to the combination of ideological and political education and community service activities, which has played a positive role in the sustained and stable society: first, it has provided many employment opportunities and eased social instability factors; Second, all-round community service activities, including warm family, psychological counseling, crime prevention, and improving education level. , objectively resolved or eased a series of social contradictions; Third, the communication and understanding between the government and teenagers have been strengthened. Drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries, we should also pay attention to the fact that ideological and political education is closer to and serves real life. While ensuring that ideological and political education in colleges and universities provides correct life orientation for college students, we should pay more attention to combining ideological and political education with professional education, mental health education and employment guidance education activities, solve students' practical problems, serve students' study life, give full play to the service function of ideological and political education, develop social resources of ideological and political education, and mobilize social forces such as voluntary service groups, social intermediary organizations and societies to participate in ideological and political education.
In a word, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study and explore the characteristics of contemporary foreign ideological and political education, extract its essence and integrate it, so as to promote and innovate the form of ideological and political education in China and make it more scientific, standardized and modern.
References:
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