In Chinese, when we talk about cause and effect, the sentence we use is … because … so …, so is it written as "because … so …" in English? Actually, it is not. Because English and so cannot appear in the same sentence at the same time, we can only use one of them. For example:
It will snow tonight, so I'm going home now.
Because mutant receptors have higher affinity for ligands than wild-type receptors, they can effectively block the binding of ligands to wild-type receptors and downstream signal transduction.
Mutant receptor has higher affinity for ligand than wild-type receptor, so it can effectively block the binding of ligand with wild-type receptor and downstream signal transduction.
Ps: so is rare in the writing of scientific papers, so it is usually used, but there and the can also be used.
Second, although ... but ...
Although (although) and (but) cannot appear in the same sentence in English, only one sentence can be used. For example:
It is known that GATA6 plays an important role in heart development, but its role in hematopoietic system has not been fully studied.
Although the mutant mice received the same dose of LPS, they all survived during the experiment.
Third, not only … but also …
I believe all my friends know this sentence not only … but also … la ~
Example:
He is not only a world-class athlete, but also a world-class chef.
He not only wrote the story, but also drew a picture for the book.
This sentence can explain two meanings in one sentence, and it is very concise, but it requires the structural symmetry of the two parts. This sentence pattern is rarely used in scientific writing, especially when the two clauses are long and complicated, so it is difficult for us to achieve symmetry between the two parts, so it is not suitable for this sentence pattern. 5 1due advises friends not to use this structure as much as possible, unless it is a short sentence, the two parts can guarantee symmetry. So how should such a sentence be rewritten? Actually, it's very simple. Just break it into two sentences and connect them with additional ~
PS: Besides, it can also be used instead of another. Although there are some subtle differences between these three words, they can be ignored.
Fourth, on the one hand ... on the other hand. ...
This phrase means on the one hand … on the other hand …
Example: On the one hand, the story is interesting, but on the other hand, the writing is so poor that I can't stand it.
About this sentence pattern, 5 1due advises friends not to use it in the paper. On the one hand, this sentence pattern is informal, on the other hand, it is easy to be misused. In English, this sentence pattern can only be used to express two opposite meanings, and it is only used to highlight the contradiction between them. But it is not necessary to express the opposite meaning in Chinese. We often use this sentence pattern to support the same point of view from two different angles. So how should we rewrite it? If you really mean the opposite, you can actually use but to connect the middle.
As in the above example, the meaning of "on the one hand, on the other hand" is unchanged.
Ps: Rhyme and how can also be used to connect two sentences with opposite meanings. If the expression is approximate, it can also be divided into two sentences, and then connected by address and furthermoreover more.