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Outline of English professional papers
Model essay on the outline of English professional papers

How to write an outline for English professional papers? With the development of society, the proportion of English in people's lives has gradually increased and it has become a very widely used language. The following is a model essay on the outline of an English major paper I shared. Welcome to read!

Idiom Translation in the Context of Chinese and English Culture

Class XXX number XXX name XXX

Nida, a famous translator, said: "For a truly successful translation, it is much more important to be familiar with two cultures than to master two languages, because words are given meaning in their specific cultures." That is to say, translation is closely related not only to language, but also to culture. In the field of translation in China, the study of cultural differences in idiom translation is still relatively weak. The specialized research on Chinese-English idiom translation is not complete. In the past twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of interlingual communication, but rarely involved cultural differences. (Identification) This paper analyzes the cultural differences between Chinese and English idioms, and then studies the translation methods (research topics) of Chinese and English idioms from the perspective of culture (methods), and points out some warnings for idiom translation: pay attention to the context and choose the translation (results) that conforms to the style and meaning of the original text; Culture is a whole way of life. When a new culture appears, new idioms will also appear, so idiom translation should keep pace with the times. (conclusion)

Keywords: idioms; Culture; translate

Idiom Translation under the Cultural Background of English and Chinese

Nida, a famous translator, pointed out: "For a truly successful translation, being familiar with two cultures is even more important than mastering two languages.

Because words only have meaning in the cultural background where they play a role. In other words, translation is not only related to language but also to culture. In the field of translation in China, the study of cultural differences in idiom translation is still weak, and the study of Chinese-English idiom translation is not perfect. In the past 20 years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized interlingual communication, but rarely involved cultural differences. By analyzing the cultural differences between Chinese and English idioms, this paper studies the translation methods of Chinese and English idioms from a cultural perspective, and points out the problems that should be paid attention to in the translation of Chinese and English idioms: connecting with the context, choosing the translation that conforms to the style and meaning of the original text; Culture is a way of life. Culture is changing and new idioms appear. Idiom translation should keep pace with the times.

Keywords: idioms; Culture; translate

1. Introduction

Idioms are ubiquitous in every language. An idiom is a word or an expression.

You can't translate word for word from the source language into the target language because you can't understand its usual meaning by defining its components word for word. (Background) In a broad sense, idioms include fixed phrases, proverbs, common sayings, slang, aphorisms and allusions. (Li Yin, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include mysterious folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, said in his book Translation Textbook: "I define the unique lifestyle and its manifestations in a society that uses special languages as a means of expression as culture." English idioms come from English culture and daily life. In the real context, idioms can explain themselves: nine times out of ten, they all have their own explanations. If we don't realize this, we will find ourselves in a state of chaos, because we will give them literal meaning. Chinese idioms, especially four-character idioms, have their unique origins and are closely related to the history and culture of China. In view of the difficulty in understanding idioms, we should pay attention to and try to understand their culture and customs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the cultural differences between China and Britain, and to expound the translation theory applicable to idioms. (Subject+Method)

2. Comparison of English and Chinese idioms

2. 1 Cultural differences between English and Chinese idioms 2. 1. 1 Geographical conditions

The formation of culture is closely related to physical and geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, and culture also leads to a specific expression.

Great Britain includes islands, including one sixth of the islands in the north.

Ireland lies between the North Atlantic and the North Sea, in the northwest of France. The climate here is humid and there is plenty of rainfall. There are countless rivers and lakes. No wonder fishing is so prosperous and important in Britain. Therefore, idioms related to fish and navigation account for a large part of English idioms. (Li Yuping, 2008:20) (theory/results of previous studies)

For example, "Like fish out of water". If you feel like a fish out of water, you will feel embarrassed and unforgivable because you are in an unexpected and unfamiliar situation. Fish are looking for fish in the air. A strange fish freak missed the boat.

Adjust the sail with the wind

If a small hole is not filled, a small leak will sink a big ship.

On the other hand, China, located in the Asian continent, is an agricultural country with a large number of farmers. It is not surprising to find a lot of idioms related to farming, such as "skinny, casting pearls before swine, everyone gathers firewood with high flame, and the bamboo basket draws water with a sieve ..." China people also have a mysterious and awe-inspiring feeling for the sea, so there are idioms like "The ends of the earth, the seas are dry and the rocks are rotten, the sky is vast, and finding a needle in a haystack is a mirage". (analysis)

2. 1.2 History

2.2 Similarities between English and Chinese idioms

2.2. 1 color

2.2.2 Numbers

3. Methods of idiom translation

Translation is more than just a science. It is also a skill. In the final analysis, completely satisfactory translation is always an art.. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as a cultural bridge and medium between two languages. Due to the great differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is not easy. Therefore, in the process of translation, in order to maintain the flavor of the original text and give consideration to both Chinese and English, translation techniques should be used reasonably, such as the following translation methods:

3. 1 literal translation

3.2 Free translation

3.3 Annotated Translation

3.4 Replace with similar idioms

3.5 Translation of corresponding idioms with the same meaning

3.6 Combination of literal translation and free translation

4. Some warnings about idiom translation

5. Conclusion

One of our main characteristics as human beings is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people's daily life; It enables people to communicate with each other and understand the feelings of others. Language and culture are closely related. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms are also closely related to culture. Their contents range from society, history and psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. Therefore, in the process of translation, the translator should pay more attention to cultural factors, so that he can dig out the implied meaning. (Research conclusion) Only when cultural factors are taken into account can translators produce satisfactory works. In addition, people should know the relevant cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (suggested)

refer to

[*] author. Title (English italics). (Place of publication:) Press, year: refer to page number [*] Author. Title of the article (English italics). Name of the publication. (Place of publication:) Press, year.

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2008.

[2] Li Qingming. A comparison between Chinese and English languages and cultures. Xi 'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press, 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. Theory and practice of translation. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language, culture and translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993

5 Susan Basnet, Andre Lefevere. Translation, history, culture. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987

[6] Shiping Luo. A study of English idioms. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006.

[7] Li Yuping. English idioms and their cultural origins. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008.

[8] Li Yin. English and Chinese idioms and folk culture. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2007.

[9] Zhang Yajun. A kaleidoscope of China culture. Beijing: China Language and Culture University, 2008

Li yun A new college translation course. Beijing: World Knowledge Publishing House, 2007 [1 1] Ma Aiying. Chinese-English cultural translation. Beijing: Science Press, 2006.

Sun Zhili. A new English-Chinese translation course. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Teaching Press, 2008.

[13] Wang Zongyan. A comprehensive view of English and Chinese language problems. Beijing: Beijing Higher Education Press, 2006.

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