National Standard GB77 13-87: Writing Format of Scientific Papers
1) cover
2) Chinese abstract
3) English abstract
4) Keywords
5) Content
6) Preface, introduction and introduction
7) Text
8) Conclusion
thank you
7) References
8) Appendix A (optional)
9) Appendix B (optional)
front cover
Title, signature
N Title: It should reflect the whole content of the whole paper, be eye-catching, be as concise as possible, be strictly controlled within 20 words, and meet the requirements of academic style.
Abstract and keywords
N Abstract should explain the purpose, methods, achievements and conclusions of the research work, highlight the new ideas of this paper and refine the language. It should be independent and self-sufficient, that is, the necessary information can be obtained without reading the full text of reports and papers. It should be easy to find.
Chinese abstract is about 200 words.
Requirements:
Chinese content summary and keywords: start a new page. The Chinese name "executive summary" is bold, and the middle one is bold, and its content is in the fourth song style (1.5 times the line spacing), and two spaces are added at the beginning of each paragraph, and the top space is returned; The "keywords" of Chinese names are bolded in small four on the other line, and the contents are bolded in small four, generally no more than 8 words, leaving a space between words.
English content summary and keywords: start a new page. The name of the English "executive summary" item is defined as "Abstract", with No.2 small new Roman font bold and centered, and the second line of its content is in No.4 small new Roman font, with punctuation marks in English; English "keywords" should start on a new line, with the project name "keywords", bold with small No.4 Silla Horse, blank after "keywords", bold with semicolon ";" Separate.
catalogue
Requirements: Start a new page. The project name of the Catalogue is bold with No.2, and the top is centered; The content begins with the new line of Xiaosi Qufeng.
Introduction (or introduction)
N Briefly explain the research purpose, scope, preliminary work and knowledge gaps in related fields, theoretical basis and analysis, research ideas, research methods and experimental design, expected results and significance, etc. Be concise, not like the abstract, and don't take notes of the abstract.
N In order to show that the author has mastered solid basic theory and systematic professional knowledge and has a broad scientific vision, the research scheme has been fully demonstrated. Therefore, the review of history, comprehensive comments and theoretical analysis of predecessors' work can be described in a single chapter with enough words.
Introduction of main chapters
Requirements: the project name should be bold, and the middle and small number 2 should be bold; The content begins with the new line of Xiaosi Qufeng. Leave two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph and go back to the top space.
Text part
Problems, arguments, background
N problem, case analysis, method, tool selection, theoretical summary, process step description.
N solution ideas, strategies, suggestions, implementation methods, innovative ideas and methods, etc.
N can include: investigation objects, experimental and observation methods, instruments and equipment, raw materials, experimental and observation results, calculation methods and programming principles, data, processed charts, formed arguments and conclusions, etc.
N case, emphasizing the introduction of the implementation object, environment, culture, structure and process, and emphasizing the expression training of charts, including graphs, structural charts, schematic diagrams, charts, flow charts, record charts, layout charts, maps, photos, data tables and pie charts.
Plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
It is not allowed to extract more than 200 words as they are.
N promote citation, and each paper should have at least 5 authoritative citations.
N. promoting bibliographies, textbooks and related theories; Advocate that there are some papers on the internet for reference.
N Pay attention to the organizational structure, management, cultural background and characteristics of the applicant and internship units, and the paper should have original materials and unique vision.
Requirements:
Text: Start a new page.
(1) The title of the paper is Small No.2 in bold, with the top arranged in the middle and one line above and below;
(2) The text is unified with No.5 Song Style, with two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, back-top spaces and multiple line spacing, and the setting value is1.25;
(3) Title of the text:
First-class title: the title serial number is "I", which is bold in the small fourth song style, with exclusive lines and no punctuation at the end;
Second-level title: the title serial number is "(1)", which is bold with No.5 Song style, with exclusive lines and no punctuation at the end;
Third-level title: the title serial number is "1", which is bold with No.5. If the line is exclusive, there is no punctuation at the end. If it is not exclusive, a period must be added after the title;
Four-level title: the title serial number is "(1)", and the No.5 is in Song Dynasty. Other requirements are the same as those of the three-level title;
Five-level title: the title serial number is "①", which is the No.5 style, and other requirements are the same as those of the third-level title.
Note: The titles at the next level of each level should be numbered consecutively.
conclusion
induce
What did n do
N What viewpoints have been demonstrated, what suggestions, methods and strategies have been put forward, and what are the new ideas, innovations, values and achievements?
N also points out the shortcomings in the research and the places that need further research.
N don't call and shout slogans, don't report.
Requirements: Start a new page. The project name is in bold, centered with small 2 bold; The content begins with the new line of Xiaosi Qufeng. Leave two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph and go back to the top space.
Express gratitude/gratitude
Requirements: Start a new page. The name of the "thank you" item is in bold type No.2, and the content of the thank you is in Song style No.4, leaving two spaces and returning to the top box.
refer to
The type of reference (i.e., citation source) is identified by a single letter:
M- monographs, C- collections, N- newspaper articles, J- journal articles, D- papers, R- reports, S- standards, P- patents; For files that do not belong to the above types, use the letter "z" to identify them.
All references are placed at the end of the article. Its format is:
(1) monograph
Example [1] Zhang Zhijian. Research on Yan Fu's Thought [M]. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press, 1989.
[2] Alice. Sexual psychology [M]. Pan Guangdan translation. Beijing: Commercial Press, 1997.
(2) Prose
Example [1] Wu Yifu. Selected western literary theories [C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1979.
[2] belinsky. On Russian novellas and Nikolai Gogol Jun's novellas [A]. Wu Yifu. Selected Works of Western Literary Theories: Volume II [C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1979.
When quoting the page number of the monograph, brackets should be added after the serial number of the text.
(3) newspaper articles
Example [1] Li Dalun. The importance of economic globalization [N]. Guangming Daily, 1998- 12-27, (3)
(4) Journal articles
Example [1] Guo Yingde. On the view of literary history in Yuan and Ming Dynasties [J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Science Edition), 1995(3).
(5) Dissertation
Example [1] Liu Wei. Theoretical and Empirical Research on Different Visual Recognition Methods of Chinese Characters [D]. Beijing: Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, 1998.
(6) Report
Example [1] Bai Xiushui, Liu Gan, Ren Baoping. Xi Research on the Cultivation and Development of Finance, Talents and Technology Market [R].Xi 'an: Northwest Economic Development Research Center of Shaanxi Normal University, 1998.
The format of the main references is as follows (in which spaces and punctuation marks are copied)
1 serial author. Title [J] Publication name, year, volume (issue): starting page number-ending page number.
Author of monograph (or translation). Title [M]. Translation. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
3. Author, title [A], editing and anthology [C]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
Author of the paper. Title [D] City: storage unit, year.
Patent document applicant. Patent name [P]. Country name and patent number, release date.
6 technical standard technical standard code. Name of technical standard.
Author of technical report. Title [R]. Report code and number, place name: responsible unit, year.
8 newspaper article author. Title. Name and publication date (edition) of the newspaper.
9. Author of online literature (electronic bulletin). Title [EB/OL]. Http://…, date.
10 CD-ROM literature (database) author. Title [Database/CD]. Place of publication: publisher, date of publication.
1 1 other authors. Title [Z]. Place of publication: publisher, date of publication.
Requirements: The name of the "reference" item is bold in small No.4 bold, and two lines are arranged above the text or appendix; The top box of the other line of references is arranged in imitation of Song Dynasty No.5, and the serial numbers are arranged in the form of "[1], [2] ...", and the annotation order when citing works and articles is the same as the annotation order.
Appendix (as required)
Requirements: The project name of "Appendix" should be in small bold type No.4, and two blank lines should be arranged behind the text. The top line of appendix content should be arranged in imitation of Song Dynasty No.5, and the content arrangement should refer to the text.
Other format requirements
Table: A table in the text or appendix generally includes three parts: header, text and comments. The basic requirements of layout are:
(1) title. Including table number, title and unit of measurement, bold (centered) with small number 5, arranged at the top of the table body, with the same width as the table line. Among them, the table number is left, the format is "table L", and the full-text table is numbered continuously; The title is centered and the format is "XX table"; The unit of measurement is on the right, and the reference format is "Unit of Measurement: Yuan".
(2) table body. Use a thick solid line (1.5 points. ) is used for the terminal line around the watch body, and a thin solid line (0.5 lbs. ) other watch series. All numeric characters in the table should use the small number 5. The text in the table should be centered up and down, and the digits should be aligned.
(3) pay attention. Notes are written at the bottom of the table body without blank lines. They are arranged by "(1), (2) ...", and the width of the notes cannot be greater than the width of the table body.
Illustration:
Illustrations include pictures (drafts), order and titles. The illustrations in the article should follow the principles of "illustrated with pictures and texts" and "see the pictures after reading the text". Pictures (drafts) should be clear and beautiful, and the format should be appropriate. According to the content requirements and layout, they should be scaled to the required size and put in the appropriate position. The figure sequence and the figure name are placed at the bottom and center of the figure, and the number 5 is in small bold, where the figure sequence is on the left and the figure name is on the right, as shown in "Figure 2 Evolution of Shanghai Volkswagen Sales and Domestic Market Share". The full-text illustrations are arranged in the order of appearance, such as "Figure 1, Figure 2 ...", and the name of the figure should not exceed 15 Chinese characters.
Number:
Except for ordinal numbers, phrases, idioms, abbreviations, figures used as morphemes and fuzzy figures in some structural levels, the figures in this chapter should use Arabic numerals. In the same article, the representation of numbers should be consistent.
Punctuation marks: Punctuation marks in articles should be used correctly, avoid misuse and mixing of punctuation marks, and distinguish between Chinese and English punctuation marks.
Unit of measurement: except for special needs, legal units of measurement should be used in the paper.
Page number: the full text of the paper should be numbered consecutively, and the page number should be compiled according to the catalogue.