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According to historical records, it is recorded in Guoyu Yujin in the pre-Qin period that "Huangdi is Ji Shui and Yan Di is, so Huangdi is Ji and Yan Di is". There is also a record that "Ji Min came from Xuanyuan".

This shows that surnames are appellations that represent races with the same blood. One of the provisions of the marriage system in the Zhou Dynasty was that people with the same surname were not allowed to marry. "Men and women have the same surname, but they are born the same" (Zuo Zhuan was published for twenty-two years), and "The same surname is not married, and evil is not born" (Mandarin).

This system of distinguishing surnames was used until the Qin Dynasty. At that time, the feudal patriarchal clan system of the Zhou Dynasty was basically weakened, and the clan and surname system of the old nobles were almost eliminated. By the Western Han Dynasty, the difference between surnames and surnames no longer appeared. Therefore, when Sima Qian wrote historical records, he simply mentioned the surname. Since then, the name of "surname" has been merged into one since Taishigong.

Qin Shihuang said his surname was Zhao in Historical Records, and Emperor Gaozu said his surname was Liu. Since then, the surnames of China people have been combined with their surnames, either with surnames or with surnames. People use surnames simply and conveniently, and there is no distinction between high and low, so many civilians have changed from having no surnames to having surnames.

Therefore, surnames, as a special family culture in China folk culture, have always influenced every family member in China.