2. It can be said that the urban-rural gap in China before the reform includes the income gap since the founding of New China and the changing trend of the urban-rural gap after the reform;

3. The means adopted so far and the constructive means that can be used for reference are economic leverage, policy guidance and cultural guidance. .

4. The income gap between urban and rural areas ultimately boils down to a point, which is only a representation, but it involves and reflects a wide range of issues worthy of our reform and thinking, and needs the unremitting efforts of more generations. . . .

The above may be an immature answer, for reference only!

I hope that there will be one more student who thinks about the national economy and people's livelihood!