(1) Don't simply repeat the existing information in the title, don't write what appears in the introduction into the abstract, don't copy the subtitle in the text of the paper or the text in the conclusion of the paper, and don't interpret and evaluate the content of the paper.

(2) Try to use written narrative, and don't list the data in the paper in the abstract; The words should be concise, exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field, and delete meaningless or unnecessary words; The contents should not be displayed, examples should not be cited, and the research process should not be introduced.

(3) The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main contents and viewpoints elaborated in this paper cannot be omitted, but should be written into a short article that can be used independently.

(4) Abstracts are generally not segmented, and line-by-line writing should be avoided. The statement should be objective, and it is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the research process, methods and achievements, nor for comparative explanation with other people's research.

(5) Use the third person. It is suggested that "research", "status report" and "investigation" should be used to show the nature and theme of the literature, instead of "this article" and "author" as the subject.

(6) Standardized terms should be used instead of symbols and terms that are not widely known and commonly used. Generally, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are not used, and illustrations and tables do not appear.

The above is only a part of the abstract introduction of the application paper. For more details, you can visit China Wang Ming Academic Station.