Writing a thesis means that the abstract must be written, but the preface is not necessary. A paper generally consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable. It is a comprehensive introduction to the paper, so that people can understand the main contents of the paper. After the paper is published, the abstract can be directly used by abstract magazines or various databases without modification or slight modification, so that readers can know the main contents of the paper as soon as possible to supplement the deficiency of the title, thus avoiding misunderstandings, deficiencies and even mistakes that may occur when others compile the abstract. Therefore, the quality of abstracts directly affects the retrieval rate and citation frequency of papers.

It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments, and requires a brief description of the purpose, research methods and final conclusion of the research work, with the focus on the conclusion. It is an independent and complete essay, which can be quoted and popularized.

Extended data:

Notes on writing:

1. Don't simply repeat the existing information in the title, avoid writing the contents of the introduction as a summary, don't copy the subtitle (table of contents) in the text of the paper or the text of the conclusion part of the paper, and don't interpret the content of the paper.

2. Try to use written narrative, and don't list the data in the abstract; The words should be concise, exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field, and delete meaningless or unnecessary words; The contents should not be displayed, examples should not be cited, and the research process should not be introduced.

3. The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main contents (or opinions) elaborated in the paper cannot be omitted, and it should be written into a short article that can be used independently.

4. Abstracts are generally not segmented, and linking is prohibited. The statement should be objective, and it is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the research process, methods and achievements, nor for comparative explanation with other people's research.

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