Tesla (1856— 1943) was originally named nikola tesla. He was born in Smithrian, Croatia, and later became an American citizen. In his early years, he worked in Edison Company in Paris, Europe, and was later transferred to Edison Electric Research Center in the United States to engage in creative work, working with Edison (1847-1931) * *.

He invented the alternator. Later, he founded Tesla Electric Company, engaged in the production of alternators, motors and transformers, conducted research on high-frequency technology, and invented high-frequency generators and transformers. 1893, he gave a wonderful performance with alternating current at the World Expo held in Chicago, and proved the advantages and safety of alternating current with his Tesla coil.

During the period of 1889, Tesla realized the high-voltage transmission experiment from colorado springs to new york. Since then, alternating current has entered the practical stage. Since then, he has also been engaged in the development of high-frequency electrothermal medical devices, radio broadcasting, microwave transmission of electric energy, television broadcasting and so on.

In recognition of his achievements in realizing 57.6 m overhead 200 kV high-voltage transmission as early as 1896 ~ 1899, making the famous Tesla coil and his contribution to the AC system, the International Electrotechnical Association decided to use his name as the unit of magnetic induction intensity on his centenary birthday (1956).

In the international system of units, the unit of magnetic induction intensity is Tesla [1], abbreviated as T, which is the derived unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic induction intensity in the international system of units. When a current of 1 amp flows through a conductor perpendicular to the magnetic field and the force of the magnetic field is 1 Newton, the magnetic induction intensity of the charged conductor is 1 Tesla. Generally, the magnetic induction intensity near the permanent magnet is about 0.4-0.7 tex. In the iron cores of motors and transformers, the magnetic induction intensity can reach 0.8- 1.4 tex, and the magnetic induction intensity of strong current passing through superconducting materials can reach 1000 tex, while the magnetic induction intensity of near-surface geomagnetic field is only about 0.5* 10 -4 cubic tex.

Time of birth and death

July 1856, 10 was born in Smiley Yang, not far from gospic; On1October 7th, he passed away at the new york Hotel. 1943.

academic degree

It is said that this engineer went to primary school in smillie Young and Guspich, where he was born. He graduated from Rakovac in Karlovac. Tesla liked reading, playing cards and raising birds in middle school, and he spent the rest of his life raising birds. When nikola tesla was 6 years old, he improved an old mill on the Wagnertz River near his home.

Tesla suffered from cholera for two years after graduating from high school. After 1875, he became a priest against his parents' wishes and entered the Graz Institute of Technology. Five years later, he was admitted to the technical department of Charles University in Prague, but for economic reasons, he worked as a design engineer in Budapest one year later. He participated in the construction of the new telephone center there and improved the telephone equipment and sound effects.

[Edit this paragraph] Tesla's life

Tesla is a very controversial figure in the world, and he has received different praises and even been attributed to a pseudo-scientist.

Tesla was a rare experimental generalist at the beginning of last century. He has patented achievements in electromechanical engineering, radio engineering, fluid engineering, cryogenic engineering, geophysics, vacuum technology, aircraft technology and so on. Tesla's patents in various countries, including all his unapproved patents and various inventions with patent value, add up to more than 700. Tesla is not only a scientist, but also an expert in exploring and grasping unknown natural phenomena. Some of his experimental results, such as artificial fireballs and lightning, can't be imitated even by the most advanced equipment today. Tesla's most valuable achievement is the discovery of the principle of rotating magnetic field and the invention of multiphase AC power supply system and AC induction motor. His most famous invention is "Tesla coil", which is a distributed parameter high-frequency vibration transformer, which can obtain millions of volts of high-frequency voltage. He was one of the first scientists who successfully manufactured fluorescent lamps and discovered and studied X-rays. He first discovered ruby laser effect and point electron microscope effect. Tesla is also the originator of radio remote control. For the first time, he realized the logic principle of computer "AND gate" by using resonant circuit and expounded the principle of radar for the first time. For the first time, he also used a self-made high-sensitivity receiver to receive radio pulse signals from outer space, detected cosmic rays and invented a revolutionary bladeless turbine.

The circuit and principle of Tesla coil are simple, but it is not easy to adjust to the perfect vibration with the environment. Tesla is a person who is particularly good at this technology. Tesla later invented the so-called "amplification transmitter", which is now called the high-power high-frequency transmission line * * * vibration transformer for wireless transmission test. Tesla's wireless transmission technology is worth asking. Tesla regards the earth as an inner conductor and the ionosphere of the earth as an outer conductor. Through his amplifier transmitter, a low-frequency vibration of about 8 Hz is established between the earth and the ionosphere by using the unique radial electromagnetic wave oscillation mode of the amplifier transmitter, and energy is transmitted by using the surface electromagnetic waves around the earth. This system is different from the energy transmission mechanism of modern radio broadcasting, but similar to the relationship between alternator and transmission line in AC network. When there is no power receiving end, the transmitter only exchanges reactive energy with the heaven and earth resonant cavity, and the active loss of the whole system is very small. However, if it is a general radio broadcast, all the transmitted energy is lost in space. Tesla does not have the financial resources to realize this claim in his lifetime. Later generations have completely confirmed the feasibility of this scheme in theory, proving that this scheme is not only feasible, but also efficient, ecologically safe and will not interfere with radio communication. It only involves energy broadcasting and global free access. Under the existing political and economic system, no one actually cares about this idea.

Tesla's life is bumpy, and his achievements are inseparable from his daring to take risks. He "dares to be the first in the world" and does it in the end, even if the road is blocked. The UHV research he is engaged in is full of life-threatening, and he often risks his life to perform various demonstrations. His best game is to let millions of volts of high-frequency voltage pass through his body, showing amazing discharge effect. During the research, he was shocked and exposed to large doses of X-rays. When studying the magnetic storm coil, he felt the influence of magnetic storm on life consciousness. The magnetic storm with the same intensity can make the nearby metal foil evaporate without a trace. I was also injured by a taxi in my later years. He lived as long as possible to be 86 years old, died alone in a hotel, never got married, and devoted himself to science. When he died, he left no property or last words except tons of documents, which was really touching. After Tesla's death, his documents were immediately copied by the US government and classified as top secret information. He refused to disclose this information to the public for the sake of national security.

Tesla was "removed" from the history of science because he opposed the theory of relativity and insisted on the traditional view of physics, which was incompatible with the booming atomic physics at that time. In addition, in his later years, he lived in seclusion, loved fantasy and was unrealistic, so he was not very popular with orthodox scientific groups, and even was denounced as a liar who showed off witchcraft. His laboratory was also portrayed as a sinister place for medieval alchemists. However, the main reason is that in order to realize his greatest ambition and realize the global wireless power transmission revolution, the Walden Lake Broadcasting Tower was built. Later, Marconi dominated the radio business, so Tesla's plan was stillborn and he owed the investor Morgan a debt. With his economic and political skills, Morgan ordered all school textbooks in the United States to delete Tesla's name, which has been affecting it until now. Later, in recognition of his practical contribution to the AC system, the International Electrotechnical Commission named the international magnetic induction intensity system Tesla.

Tesla is especially admired in the world. He set an example for future generations with his versatile practical achievements. So far, many people abroad are searching for his lost skills. I think this is closely related to the good tendency of the West to attach importance to practice. Tesla opposes orthodox theory. He always talks with clever experiments designed by himself, instead of talking about theory. Therefore, his interpretation of his experimental results is often wrong, but for other scientists, there are often unexpected gains. In today's "organized" society, it is difficult to have a second Tesla character. A highly organized society makes it unnecessary for people to be generalists who succeed in all fields. Everyone can succeed as long as they follow the rules, cooperate well with others and play a good role in their narrow field, without struggle or risk. It is difficult for organized modern people to identify with Tesla, and most of Tesla's modern admirers are people who are unwilling to follow the rules. However, under the discordant argument of western orthodox scientific groups that "science has ended", more and more western scientists realize that practice is the source of science and the bridge between man and nature, and the theory has been so far away from the reality of nature that it is difficult to move forward. Therefore, in the west, the ideas that Tesla once had have been paid more and more attention by the orthodox scientific community, and Tesla's influence can be said to have influenced the future.

[Edit this paragraph] Tesla's life and events

1856 —— Tesla was born at midnight in July on 10 in a Serbian clergy family in Smivan, Lika province (Austria).

Tesla, the technological superman, is playing acrobatics with two electric fireballs in his hand. He studies at Graz Technical School.

1882—— While walking in a park in Budapest, the capital of Hungary, Tesla discovered the reversible magnetic field.

1883- In Strasbourg, he was employed by Edison Continental Company and made the first model of induction motor.

1884-went to America and started working in Edison's laboratory.

1885-left Edison to set up his own company and began to produce multiphase AC motors and generators.

1888—— 16 On May 6th, a report entitled "AC power transmission and AC motor system" was given at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers.

1890-He published the results of physiological effects of high frequency electricity.

1891-gave a report entitled "experiment of extremely high frequency alternating current and its application in artificial wireless lighting", and applied for the patent of "star oscillator of vibrating transmitter".

1892—— I came to London and gave a report entitled "Luminescence and Other High Frequency Phenomena" at the Royal Academy of Sciences, a report on "Alternating Current Experiment at High Voltage and High Frequency" at the Institute of Electrical Engineers, and the same report in Paris.

1893- It caught the public's attention at the Chicago World Exhibition. He let high-frequency current pass through his body and demonstrated the reversible magnetic field model, which is the so-called "Tesla's rotating iron egg".

1895 —— On May 13, Tesla's laboratory in new york was destroyed by fire.

1897- He registered 20 invention patents in the field of radio engineering technology.

1898-registered wireless control technology (the experiment of remote control automatic boat was carried out in the lake of new york Central Park, and it was a great success. )

1899- completion of Niagara Hydropower Station.

1899- 1900- colorado springs's experiment.

1901-1905-Wardenclyffe Tower on Long Island near new york.

1909- 1922- He only registered mechanical patents (pumps, tachometers, bladeless turbines).

1943 —— 65438+1On October 7th, Tesla died in new york Hotel.

[Edit this paragraph] People's Comments

A Genius Forgotten by History —— Former Yugoslav scientist Tesla

Nikola tesla (nikola tesla)

1856~ 1943 former yugoslavia

Tesla was Edison's contemporary inventor, and the unit of magnetic induction intensity was named after him. Let's start with his invention of alternating current and Edison's struggle.

Because of his admiration for Edison, Tesla was recommended by Bacheller to join Edison's American company 1884. Tesla and Edison were born incompatible, and there were serious differences between them. Edison paid attention to practice. He was a man who invented by experience and exploration. Tesla is the kind of person who pays attention to theory. He thought Edison's actions were very stupid. He believes that the experiment must be based on theory, instead of making more than 1000 attempts with a filament like Edison.

On one occasion, Tesla and Edison talked about several potential reform possibilities of generators. Edison said contemptuously, "If you can do it, I will pay you $50,000." It took Tesla several months to transform the generator and put the modified parts into the generator, which was a complete success. When he asked Edison for 50 thousand dollars, Edison replied, "Tesla, don't you know that we Americans like to joke?" Because Tesla's talent was so outstanding, he was repeatedly persecuted by Edison and resigned from Edison's company angrily.

1880, Tesla invented the world's first alternator. He firmly believes that alternating current will one day make the power supply range wider and the cost lower. Edison shrugged off the idea and was unwilling to seriously consider it.

After leaving Edison, Tesla got the support of George Westinghouse and finally led the alternating current to practical application. 1888, Tesla successfully built an AC transmission system. The generator he designed is simpler and more convenient than the DC generator, and his transformer solves the inherent problems of long-distance transmission. This is undoubtedly a great blow to the direct current promoted by Edison (Edison earned a lot of money in direct current generators at that time and was unwilling to conduct other research).

Edison still realized that alternating current can reduce costs, which is beyond doubt. Attacking alternating current from an economic point of view is bound to end in failure. So he made a big fuss about other aspects of alternating current. He realized that in the last period of the19th century, the public was still afraid of electricity: although electricity can bring benefits to human beings, it may also kill people. Therefore, publicizing the dangers of high pressure is the most effective way to disturb the public's mind.

So, he issued a booklet called "Beware", which listed in detail the harm of so-called alternating current, and described the use of alternating current as "futile" strangely. Edison also published an article entitled "The Danger of Electric Lights" in North American Weekly, attacking the use of alternating current. He said: "An electric light company that keeps in touch with me bought a patent for a whole set of communication systems some time ago. I protested against this, and the content was recorded in the company memorandum. So far, I have successfully persuaded them not to promote this system to the public. Even if I agree to promote it today, they will not do so. "

Edison not only overwhelmed the other side in public opinion, but also built a huge laboratory to prove his point of view. He hired primary school students to catch cats, dogs and other domestic animals in the street for experiments and brutally shocked them with alternating current. He also persuaded officials in New York State Prison to promise to change hanging to electrocution, that is, electrocution with alternating current provided by Tesla's patent. 1890 On August 6th, a murderer, William Kemler, sat in Auburn's AC chair and died. Because of inexperience, the charges used by the authorities were too weak, and the prisoners were just electrocuted. According to media reports at that time, this horrible sight was much more terrible than hanging. Since then, alternating current has caused fear in many people's hearts and has become synonymous with death.

But practice has proved that alternating current has many advantages, so Tesla was not intimidated by Edison's series of attacks. In order to change the public's impression of alternating current, he hired a reporter from Pittsburgh, E·H· Heinsis, as his news consultant. Under the arrangement of E·H· Heinz, Tesla let current pass through his body, lit electric lights and even melted wires at the press conference of 1893 Chicago Expo, which stunned the reporters present and achieved great publicity effect. This has changed the public's view of alternating current and brought the world into the era of alternating current.

19 12, Tesla and Edison were awarded the nobel prize in physics at the same time for their contributions to electricity, but both refused to accept the prize because they could not bear to share the honor with each other.

In addition to outstanding achievements in electricity, Tesla's inventions in other aspects are also quite amazing. He devoted his life to studying nonlinear problems (that is, the input is not proportional to the output), and once said that the earth can be divided into two parts. As early as 19 12, Tesla put forward: "If the vibration of objects and the resonance frequency of the earth are correctly combined, the ground will vibrate and fluctuate within a few weeks." 1935 Tesla drilled a deep well in his laboratory and put a steel casing in the well. Then, he blocked the wellhead and input vibrations of different frequencies into the well. Strangely, at a certain frequency, the ground will suddenly vibrate strongly and the surrounding houses will collapse. Some magazines at that time commented: "Tesla almost razed new york to the ground with an artificially induced earthquake". This is the famous Tesla experiment. This super transmission effect of small input and large output is called Tesla effect, which is the key to geophysical weapons, so Tesla is also the founder of long-range weapons.

Not only that, Tesla also invented Tesla transformer, AC electric motorcycle, modern computer foundation, wireless communication, solar system, radar device, robot, death ray and lie detector, and put forward the concept of electromagnetic radio frequency weapon ... These inventions and discoveries surpassed the technological era at that time, and some theories could not be perfectly answered even by the most advanced technology today. After Tesla's death, the US Federal Bureau of Investigation confiscated all his design drawings and experimental works, and the US military never stopped studying his papers. This also created a mystery for Tesla.

Genius is out of diligence, and in order to devote herself to scientific research, Tesla will never marry. He said, "electricity has injected the most precious thing into my tired and weak body-life and spiritual vitality." In order to turn his idea into a real invention, he doesn't want to sleep. He only slept for more than 2 hours every day, and finally got more than 1000 invention patents on his own. Tesla's patent was conceived and written by himself, and he is a veritable patent inventor. Edison's patent was completed by the huge experimental team of the American General Electric Company he founded. Edison has a patent because he is the boss of the American General Electric Company, and Edison is not the real inventor of the patent. Tesla graduated from Prague University, but Edison didn't graduate from elementary school. Therefore, one-on-one comparison, Tesla's personal scientific invention achievements are many times greater than Edison's pure commercial invention achievements that rely entirely on the commercial R&D team.

Although Tesla was born a genius, his fate is confusing. Tesla's fate is bumpy and his personality is eccentric, so his evaluation by later generations is obviously lower than his historical achievements. 1943 Tesla died alone in the hotel.

[Edit this paragraph] Physical unit

Tesla English is Tesla (lowercase) with the symbol T, which is a derivative unit of the international system of units of magnetic flux density or magnetic induction intensity. At the International Metrology Conference held in Paris from 65438 to 0960, it was named after this unit in memory of nikola tesla, an American Serbian inventor and electronic engineer who made important contributions in the field of electromagnetism. Tesla is used to measure the total magnetic flux passing through a specific area, so reducing the area will increase the magnetic flux density.

1T = 1V s m-2 = 1kg s-2 A- 1N A- 1m- 1 = 1 Wb m-2

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