Immortal achievement
From 65438 to 0895, Adler received a medical degree from Vienna University and became an ophthalmologist and physician. 1900, after Freud's Interpretation of Dreams was published, he read the book and had deep feelings for it. He thinks this book has made a great contribution to understanding human nature. So he wrote an article in a famous Vienna journal to defend Freud's point of view. Perhaps it is for this reason that Adler was invited to join in and became one of Freud's earliest colleagues shortly after Freud set out to establish a small organization-1902 Wednesday Psychological Society. In view of Adler's outstanding intelligence in this small group, Freud praised Adler and trusted him very much. 19 10, on the recommendation of Freud, he became the first president of the Vienna Psychoanalysis Association, responsible for editing the journal of the Association. However, the relationship between two people actually lurked from the beginning, and there will be a crisis of cracks one day. Adler was not a loyal believer of Freud from the beginning, and they never established a close personal relationship. As Murphy, a famous psychological historian, pointed out, Adler obviously considered himself a young colleague of Freud rather than a disciple from the beginning, while Freud regarded Adler as his disciple and protege, and he could not tolerate any doubts and deviations from his theory. 1907, Adler published a paper on inferiority complex caused by physical defects and its compensation, which gained great reputation. At this time, Freud also thought that Adler's point of view was a great contribution to psychoanalysis. However, when Adler further developed his view that compensation was the central idea of the theory, Freud could not tolerate it. Their differences in theory are getting bigger and bigger. 19 1 1 year, Adler published three articles in succession, expounding his opposition to psychoanalytic tendency. The contradiction between the two intensified. Finally, Adler resigned as the president of the association, led several followers to quit the Vienna Psychoanalysis Association and set up the Free Psychoanalysis Research Association. In view of the fact that the word "psychoanalysis" has been used by Freud, in 19 12, he changed the name of the organization to "individual psychology society". Since then, Adler has devoted himself to developing and perfecting his theoretical system of "individual psychology".
19 1 1 year, a German philosopher HansVaihinger published a book called The Psychology of Fallacy, which had a great influence on Adler's thought immediately. Whitehunt believes that human beings live by some false goals that do not exist in reality. We think that the universe is a well-organized entity. Based on this wrong idea, we are doing all kinds of behaviors. Actually, the universe is out of order. We created a false God and pretended that he was a real person. Where is there an objective god in Kish? Although these things are false in experience, we don't doubt their authenticity, and our thoughts and behaviors are also influenced by them. Adler introduced this concept into psychology, especially the problem of causality. Freud regarded causality as a basic law of psychology, but Adler saw something enough to overthrow Freud's point of view in The Concept of Huaihunter. He believes that it is the expectation of the future, not the past experience, that motivates human beings to make various behaviors. Although these goals are false, they enable human beings to make various behaviors according to their own expectations. Not only individuals often don't understand the purpose of their goals, but sometimes they don't even know what their goals are. Therefore, such goals often belong to the subconscious. Adler called one of these false goals "self-ideal", through which individuals can gain a sense of superiority and maintain their self-dignity. During World War I, Adler served as a doctor in the Austrian army. Later, I taught my children in an educational institution in Vienna. At this time, he found that his point of view not only applies to the relationship between parents and children, but also covers the relationship between teachers and students. His influence on teachers is profound and far-reaching. Many individual psychologists come from teachers who use their views in education.
1920 or so, Adler has become a minor celebrity. In Vienna, he was surrounded by many students and followers, and he spent a lot of time with them. Then, he traveled around the world and gave speeches everywhere. 1926, he first arrived in the United States and was warmly welcomed. 1927 was employed as a professor at Long Island Medical College. The book Inferiority and Transcendence, published in the same year, mainly contains twelve main arguments, such as the meaning of life, body and mind, inferiority and superiority, early memory, dreams, the influence of family, the influence of school, adolescence, crime and its prevention, occupation, people and companions, love and marriage. The original title is what life means to you.