American astronomer Edwin Hubble formally put forward the theory of cosmic expansion. 1929, Hubble observed astronomy and found that all galaxies, nebulae and celestial bodies are moving away from each other. The farther away they are, the faster they are moving away. It is concluded that the whole universe is expanding, and the phenomenon of the distance between galaxies is caused by the expansion of the universe, not by repulsion (because the farther the distance, the faster the distance).
In order to understand the theory of cosmic expansion, some scholars have given an image metaphor: it is like a balloon with colored spots. As the balloon is blown up, it expands and the colored spots on it are moving away from each other. The bigger the balloon expands, the faster the light spots move away from each other. The universe is like a big balloon, and celestial bodies such as galaxies and nebulae are like colored spots on the surface of the balloon.
Seventy years after the theory of cosmic expansion was put forward, physicists Saul, Brian and Adam discovered the phenomenon of accelerated expansion of the universe by observing distant supernovae and won the 20 1 1 Nobel Prize in physics.
It has been nearly a century since the theory of cosmic expansion was put forward. It is closely related to "Big Bang Cosmology" and defends their unshakable "cosmic" position in the field of cosmology. Didn't anyone doubt their correctness? Are they necessarily the real situation of the evolution of the universe? Of course not-it's not that no one has doubted or refuted their correctness. It's just that the reasons and arguments given by skeptics or refuters are incomplete, flawed, far-fetched, difficult to be accepted by the scientific community, or less fortunate than Einstein, so they basically failed to shake the "universe" status of the "expansion" and "singularity" theories.
For example, Topher of Heidelberg University in Germany? Professor Witrich published a paper refuting the theory of cosmic expansion. He pointed out in his paper that if the mass of the atom itself increases, the light it absorbs or releases will move to the blue part of the spectrum, that is, blue shift will occur; On the contrary, a red shift will occur. From this discussion, the mass of matter atoms in the universe may have been very low, but it has been increasing during the evolution of the universe. Therefore, for observers on earth, distant galaxies appear to be redshifted, and the farther away from the earth, the more obvious the redshift phenomenon will be.
This indirect theory that the universe may not be expanding, but the atoms of the universe may be contracting, even attracted the appreciation of Professor Zhao Hongsheng, a cosmologist at St Andrews University in the United Kingdom: "I didn't find any flaws in Professor Wittrich's mathematical processing."
And Harry, a physicist at CERN and a modern scientist at the British Science Museum? Cliff thinks that the effect of increasing particle mass is very similar to that of space-time expansion, which is really shocking and incredible.
So, is it possible that the universe is not expanding, but everything in the universe is shrinking? Today, we will discuss and analyze in detail the possibility that the universe may not expand, but everything is shrinking. Explore science, explore the universe. Shui Mu Chimelong will continue our exploration journey with you.
If the universe itself is not expanding, but the major galaxies are contracting each other, can it explain many cosmic phenomena observed by astronomers?
This time, we will make a simple preliminary simulation directly with the computer.
In the simulation program, a giant sphere similar to a balloon will be generated, and various celestial bodies such as galaxies and nebulae are distributed on the sphere. These celestial bodies can only be attached to the surface of the giant sphere and will not enter or leave the sphere. The size of the giant ball did not change, and then the celestial bodies in the major galaxies were programmed to start shrinking towards their own central points. Choose any galaxy as a reference galaxy, and use it to observe other neighboring galaxies and calculate the regression speed of neighboring galaxies.
The simulation results are as predicted by Harry-the contraction effect observed from the galaxy contraction is almost consistent with the expansion effect observed from the expansion theory of the universe, that is, in the process of galaxy contraction, distant galaxies will move away quickly, and the farther away from the galaxy, the more obvious the redshift phenomenon and the faster the regression.
Some people may argue that the simple simulation of the computer can't simulate the actual situation of the universe, just like blowing balloons to compare the expansion of the universe, it can only give a simple figurative metaphor. However, it is impossible for human beings to simulate the complex universe at the current computer level. The simulation of the mass of each celestial body alone requires huge energy, even if it is scaled down, it is astronomical. Therefore, it is impossible to prove that cosmic objects may be shrinking rather than expanding according to simple simulations.
If we don't accept computer simulation, we can also analyze the theory of whether everything in the universe can shrink in detail step by step.
What will happen to the speed of light if everything in the universe is shrinking?
Since the propagation of light was proved to need no medium, the "ether" once trusted by the physics community began to be suspected, and then it was simply eliminated because people could not find any evidence of its existence. Since everything in the physical world has nothing to do with ether, it has no place in physics, so it is natural to destroy it.
However, physicists can't detect any properties of "ether", can it be the reason why it doesn't exist? Since we can't prove the existence of ether, how can we prove that it doesn't exist? Therefore, there are still some physical researchers who believe that ether exists, but human beings can't find out what form it exists and can't prove what kind of connection it has with everything. Some researchers suspect that the virtual particle pairs in quantum vacuum fluctuations may be related to the existence of ether.
Now let's demonstrate the possibility of the existence of ether, and prove that the speed of light is constant under the contraction theory of everything.
Let's assume the existence of ether first, and see if we can explain the constant speed of light in the theory of cosmic contraction.
If the ether fills the whole universe-seamlessly, then when everything in the universe shrinks, the ether should also be compressed, that is to say, the density of the ether will increase in the process of shrinking. Although it has been proved that the propagation of light does not need a medium, the propagation speed of light in the medium will be affected-the higher the density of the medium, the slower the propagation speed of light will become. If everything in the universe is shrinking, the strain of light speed is relatively larger, but the density of ether medium passing through it becomes larger, which just inhibits the increase effect of light speed, thus causing the light speed to remain relatively constant during the contraction of everything.
If everything in the universe is shrinking, what will happen to the gravitational constant?
If everything in the universe is shrinking, their density will increase and the corresponding measurement system will change accordingly, so it can be concluded that the gravitational constant is almost unchanged. Similarly, the contraction of everything will also lead to an increase in the gravity of the earth, which we can't actually feel. First of all, we can't feel it in our senses because the atoms in our body are also shrinking and the distance between atoms is shortening, which means that our whole body structure is changing and the enhancement effect of gravity is adaptively compensated. Secondly, the contraction effect of the measuring system does not allow us to observe the enhancement effect of gravity intuitively.
If everything in the universe is shrinking, will everything collapse?
The contraction of everything in the universe is not inward contraction from the center of the universe, but self-contraction at their respective centers. Because of this, we look at distant galaxies as if they are moving away from us, and galaxies seem to be moving away from each other. Hubble will observe the redshift of galaxies. For relatively close objects, with the increase of their density, they will be locked by the enhanced gravity between them and get close to each other. The result of the approach may be the formation of black holes, neutron stars or supernova explosions.
The theory of everything shrinking can also explain some puzzles in astronomy.
Why there are black holes between galaxies and the ultimate destination of galaxies.
In the process of the galaxy shrinking towards the center, the density of the center of the galaxy will increase continuously, and a black hole will be formed when it reaches a certain level. Once the black hole in the center of the galaxy is formed, the strong gravity will continue to devour the surrounding galaxy materials, causing the black hole to collapse more and more, and the black hole will become bigger and bigger. At the same time, the galactic matter around the black hole will be pulled by the gravity of the central black hole and rotate around the black hole at an ultra-high speed, moving closer to the black hole until it falls into the black hole horizon and becomes a part of the black hole. So the ultimate fate of galaxies is that they all become black holes.
If everything in the universe is shrinking, the remaining life of our sun may be much less than 5 billion years.
For massive celestial bodies, some will form black holes during contraction, while others may form neutron stars or supernova explosions. So where will our sun go?
The sun hangs in the sky above us every day. Scientists predict that its life span will be 5 billion years, but it may not be that long. Why? We can use the "contraction theory" to reason and analyze.
The continuous contraction of the sun will intensify the hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction, ignite the helium nuclear fusion reaction when the hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction is nearly half, and ignite the next nuclear fusion reaction when the helium nuclear fusion reaction is almost half, that is, the sun will carry out multiple nuclear fusion reactions inside due to its contraction effect. This will cause the sun to burn ahead of time and directly enter the white dwarf stage. Like dead wood, dead leaves and wheat straw burning together, the wheat straw may be ignited only when the fire is small, and the dead leaves will be ignited just after the burning of the wheat straw, and the dead leaves will be ignited just after the burning of the dead wood. However, if the fire is bigger, it will ignite the straw and the dead leaves together. If it is bigger, straw, dead leaves and dead wood may be ignited at the same time. So, maybe the life of the sun is less than 500 million years, not 5 billion years.
The emptiness of the universe.
Is it because of the contraction of cosmic matter? Because the space itself is not shrinking, but the substance inside is shrinking, it will leave many holes in the background of the universe, just like a painting on the canvas has shrunk, leaving more blanks on the canvas.
Cosmic celestial bodies are constantly being produced.
If everything in the universe is shrinking, the frequency of vacuum fluctuation will increase continuously, and relatively speaking, the frequency of virtual particle pairs will also increase continuously. In Shui Mu's previous article on quantum theory, we have discussed that the universe may be born from "nothing", that is, the vacuum of quantum fluctuations, a compressed universe information integrated block. The theory that everything in the universe is shrinking continuously increases the frequency of quantum vacuum fluctuation, which means that the frequency of celestial body generation is increasing. Astronomers have observed that new celestial bodies are born every day, but at the same time some celestial bodies are swallowed up by black holes. Maybe this is the law of balance.
The mystery of dark matter, the cause of contraction.
Some researchers speculate that celestial bodies swallowed by black holes are likely to be transformed into an invisible dark matter and dark energy. The increasing dark energy of dark matter will constantly squeeze the visible matter in the universe in the direction of collapse (perhaps gravity is caused by this), which is the reason why everything shrinks. Dark matter will be transformed into visible matter during extrusion, and the fluctuation of dark energy is similar to vacuum fluctuation, which can create matter and produce celestial bodies.
The universe may not have been born at a singularity.
The cosmic microwave background radiation map may only be the information record of a certain stage of the early universe, but it is not necessarily the expansion trace of the universe after the Big Bang. Therefore, the universe is not necessarily born in the singularity, and the age is not necessarily 65.438+0.38 billion years, which may be much larger than the inferred number.
Cold spots on the cosmic microwave background radiation map, Einstein's theory of relativity.
The "cosmic microwave background radiation map" has been found to have four "cold spots" patterns with different sizes, presumably leaving traces after colliding with other parallel universes. Scientists speculate that there are at least 654.38 billion parallel universes outside our universe through the radiation data observed by the Planck Astronomical Telescope. So can it explain that the contraction of cosmic matter may not be absolutely uniform, but it has been disturbed by the once parallel universe, which can explain Einstein's relativistic effect?
How to treat the contraction theory of everything in the universe? Do you think the universe is expanding or everything in the universe is shrinking?
Today's sharing is over. Thank you for your support to Shui Mu.