The purpose of argumentative writing is to convince readers. No matter what problems and things it discusses, what opinions it expresses, what opinions it puts forward, what reasons it tells, or what opinions it refutes, it is to convince readers and convince them.

No matter how long an argumentative paper is, it must have several elements: title, argument, argument and argument. These elements are closely integrated and indispensable. * * * Same as completing the certification task.

(b) The arrangement should be logical.

It is an important link in argumentative writing to demonstrate the arrangement of arguments and arguments.

Argumentative essays are generally arranged in the order of asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, which are manifested in three parts: preface, theory and conclusion. People usually call it "three-stage". This "three-stage" is the basic type. Because the topics, arguments and arguments have a wide range of contents, not only the preface, theories and conclusions are varied, but also how each small part raises, analyzes and solves problems.

1, preface theory

Preface is the beginning of an argumentative paper, that is, to ask questions and clarify the central argument, so that readers can have a general understanding of the content of the article and attract attention. Common preface writing methods are as follows:

A directly state your own views and opinions and put forward the central argument.

B explain the background, the purpose and reason of writing.

C prompt content, briefly introduce the full text.

Asking questions about things makes people think.

E phenomena from daily life

G quotes classics, saying that the ancient way is today.

Preface is the first argumentative article, which plays an important role in the article. A good preface is concise and to the point, which can not only clearly ask questions, but also affect the whole body and be fascinating. Catch the reader.

2. This theory

This theory is the analysis part of argumentation and the key part of argument. Its task is to analyze problems and organize arguments to prove the correctness of arguments or refute fallacies.

The arrangement of this theory generally has the following forms:

stand side by side

Parallel type is also called parallel type. Its arrangement is characterized by discussing several major issues involved in the central argument respectively.

B propulsion type

Push type is also called progressive type. Its arrangement is characterized by the in-depth and gradual development of the relationship between all levels.

The combination of propulsion and juxtaposition

Articles arranged in this way are generally longer. Such articles are usually arranged in other arrangements.

These are the three basic forms of argumentative writing. Form serves the content, and which part should be used in this paper depends on the needs of the content of the article, and can not be arranged at will.

3. Conclusion

The conclusion is the problem-solving part of the argumentative essay. The introduction raises questions, the theory analyzes the problems, and the conclusion gives the answers. The conclusion is the synthesis, generalization, summary and perfection of the full text.

(3) Demonstration method

Argumentative writing is mainly argumentative writing. Argumentation, from the perspective of formal logic, is the whole logical reasoning process of proving an argument with arguments. This process shows what logical methods are used to connect or unify arguments.

Here are some common ones.

1, for example

An example is to use typical concrete facts as arguments to prove the argument. This is a method to demonstrate by inductive reasoning, which is easy to master and widely used.

For example, the most important thing is to pay attention to the consistency and close unity of arguments and arguments, and there can be no distance.

2. Extension of events

This method uses known logical arguments to prove arguments. This is a method to demonstrate by deductive reasoning, so it is also called "deductive method"

The application of rational argument is often manifested in quoting famous sayings and epigrams. Famous aphorisms have recognized truth, and it is very convincing to prove the truth of a specific thing with them.

When using logical arguments, especially when quoting famous aphorisms, we should pay attention to:

The facts and arguments cited by A really constitute a close memory connection.

B In general, you should clarify and explain the quotation, and don't draw a conclusion after the quotation, so as not to give people a superficial feeling.

In addition to argumentation, C must also quote a lot of arguments, and the quotations should be concise. The author should be good at grasping the essence of quotation.

3. disprove

As the name implies, disproof does not directly prove the argument from the front, but indirectly proves the argument from the back. This is a method to demonstrate through deductive reasoning.

4. Similar

This method is to compare some similar aspects of a class of things and prove the correctness or fallacy of this thing with the correctness or fallacy of another thing. This is a method of reasoning by analogy.

Step 5 compare

Contrast is two diametrically opposed situations in a comparative argument. Because the two sides of the comparison form sharp contrast and set off each other, this method can especially highlight the nature of the one hand and has strong argumentation, so it is also widely used.

There are two kinds of contrast: one is "horizontal ratio" and the other is "vertical ratio". "Horizontal ratio" is to compare two completely different things in the same period.

"Vertical comparison" is to compare the same thing at different times and under different circumstances.

6. Causality and mutual evidence

This is an argument method to prove an argument by analyzing things and revealing the causal relationship between arguments and arguments. It can use reasons to prove "results" as arguments; Prove the inevitability of the result with the inevitability of the cause.

7.metaphor

The method of using metaphor to explain the truth can be called "metaphor proof method", which is a method of reasoning by analogy. "Metaphor is clever and reasonable", and just the right metaphor often helps to explain the truth. Therefore, this method is also widely used in argumentation.

8. reduce to absurdity

Returning to absurdity will lead to fallacy. This method first assumes that the other party's argument is correct, and then draws an obviously absurd conclusion on this premise, thus proving that the other party's argument is wrong. This method is only used to refute the wrong view.