Spring has come, the rising tide lifts all boats, and the rivers are vast, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; I am weak and my eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore, it seems that there is a layer of mist.

This is a poem written by Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, entitled "A boat with a little cold food".

Full text:

In the cold wind, there is hardly a bite of rice, sitting on the ground, sitting on the ground, the crow is old, sewed many times, and wears a brown hat on his head.

Spring water, rivers, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds; My body is getting weaker and my eyesight is dim. Looking at the flowers on the shore is like a mist.

The listless curtains saw butterflies flying by; Seagulls skimmed over the rapids.

Standing in the direction of Tanzhou, looking north, looking straight at Chang 'an, the sky is like a white cloud, and there is a van parked there, suddenly worried.

Full text translation:

In the slight cold season, I barely ate a little, leaned against the promise and sat on the floor. Wuji was worn and sewed many times, wearing a brown hat on his head.

Spring has come, the rising tide lifts all boats, and the rivers are vast, floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; I am weak and my eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore, it seems that there is a layer of mist.

Seeing butterflies and seagulls traveling freely, each has its own position.

Standing in Tanzhou and looking straight at Chang 'an, it looks like white clouds in the sky. There was a Van Dory who suddenly felt sad.

Precautions:

(1) Snacks: the day after the Cold Food Festival and the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The food is cold because of the fire ban.

⑵ Chen Jia: refers to a small cold food festival. Strong rice: barely eat a little rice.

(3) Concealed: lean against it. Seclusion means sitting on the floor and leaning against a small table. See The Theory of Everything in Zhuangzi: Guo Zi is in seclusion. The "Ji" here refers to Wupiji (dressed in black lamb skin), a small table that Du Fu loved and always accompanied him. In a poem, he also wrote: "Wu Jiji is re-bound" ("The pillow book of the wind boat is given to relatives and friends in Hunan"), which means that Wu Jiji has been worn out and sewn many times. The stork is a kind of pheasant, which is said to be an aggressive bird. It is found in Shan Hai Jing. Here "e" means "brown", which means color. Autumn Note: "Zhao Note: The Crown of the Hermit" The king of Qing Dynasty wrote in Volume V of Rewriting the Record of Lent: "Forget the haggard and colorless, and laugh at others wearing the crown." ?

(4) "Spring Water" two sentences: Spring comes and the water rises, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; The poet is weak and his eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore, it seems that there is a layer of mist. Sitting in the sky and clearing the fog bring out the ups and downs of the author. This kind of ups and downs not only hurts the old poet, but also contains a deeper mood: the current situation is turbulent and unpredictable, just like looking at flowers in the fog, and the truth is difficult to understand!

5. The sentence "Juanjuan" contains metaphor. Seeing butterflies and seagulls traveling freely, each has its own position. I don't feel free. Juanjuan is like a butterfly. Pieces, as light as seagulls. Open the curtain.

[6] "Bai Yun" sentence: extremely written Tanzhou (now Changsha) is far from Chang 'an. This is the poet's exaggeration. In fact, Changsha is more than 1000 kilometers away from Chang 'an.

(7) True North: True North. See also "The Golden Drum Shocks in the Guanshan Mountain, and is prepared for it" (Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity, Part IV). Zhu Han's Note: Butterfly gulls are at ease, the clouds are empty, and they are worried about the scenery. Mao Qiling said: The boat is like the sky, the flowers are like the fog, Juanjuan plays butterflies, and the gulls are light and leisurely. Suddenly looking at Chang 'an, I suddenly felt sad, so I said, "Looking straight north is Chang 'an." This chronicle is also full of emotion (Xihe Poetry).

Appreciation of poetry and prose:

This poem was written by Du Fu during his stay in Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan Province) more than half a year before his death, that is, in the spring of 770 A.D. (the fifth year of Dali), which showed his thoughts and feelings of wandering in the rivers and lakes in his twilight years and still deeply concerned about the safety of the Tang Dynasty.

Snacks refer to the day after cold food and the day before Qingming. From cold food to Qingming, the fire was banned for three days, so the first sentence said, "Good morning is strong, and the diet is still cold." On holidays, the poet gets happy and drinks heartily despite his serious illness. "Strong drinking" not only shows that the sick body is intolerant of alcohol, but also reveals the mood of being reluctant to take a holiday while wandering. This opening is a lyrical description of the scenery in the poem, and an internally related opening is arranged. The second sentence describes the lonely image of the poet on the ship. The title of "Guan Guan" is said to be a crown made of feathers worn by Guan Zi, a hermit of Chu State, which indicates the identity of the author who lost his official position and was not used by the court. Down and out, penniless, still worried about the current situation, missing the court, is the biggest injury of Du Fu. The "strong drink" and "Guan Yu" in the first couplet just sum up the author's life experience at this time, and also contain the endless bitterness in his life.

The second couplet is followed by the first couplet, which vividly writes what the poet saw and felt on the ship, and is a famous sentence that has been passed down all the time. Left comments on these two sentences: spring comes, the water rises and the river flows, so floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; The poet is weak and his eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore, it seems that there is a layer of mist. Sitting in the sky and looking at flowers in the fog are very close to the reality of the old, the weak and the sick, giving readers a very real feeling; There is an ethereal layer in reality, which sets off the author's ups and downs. The ups and downs of this kind of emotion not only hurt the poet's later years, but also contain deeper feelings: the current situation is turbulent and unpredictable, just like looking at flowers in the fog, and the truth is hard to understand. Delicate and subtle brushwork shows the poet's deep anxiety, delicate observation and expressive force.

The third sentence is about the scenery on the river. The first sentence "Juanjuan is shooting butterflies" is a close-up inside the ship, so it is said that "it is too idle" and the second sentence "pieces of light gulls" is the prospect outside the ship, so it is said that "it is rushing down". On the surface, it seems that it has nothing to do with up-and-down association, but it is not. These two sentences inherit the view that the water in the air is seen from the ship. The word "leisure" in the "leisure curtain" responds to the "depression" in the second sentence of the first couplet. Curtains are idle, boats are lonely and butterflies are flying in the air. "Rapids" refers to the rapids in the river. Fragments of Bai Ou flitted briskly by the stream and flew into the distance. It is this view that butterflies and seagulls move freely, which makes people easy to compare, causing the author trapped on the ship to worry about "going straight north" and looking at Chang' an from afar, and it is very natural to transition to the tail couplet. In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Dragon quoted Zhu Han when he read Du Xinjie: "Butterfly gulls are free, and the clouds are empty, so they are worried about the scenery." It also points out the connection between the third link and the last link in scenery and emotion.

The last two sentences of the poem are a collection of whole poems. The cloud says "white" and the mountain says "green", which is the natural scenery on the river in the spring of the Cold Food Festival. Wan Yuli draws the author's thoughts with cascading green hills and white clouds, paving the way for the conclusion. The sentence "sad to see" contains the thoughts and feelings of the whole poem, and embodies the deep sorrow for "straight north is Chang 'an". Pu Qilong said, "Clouds and white mountains and green hills are suitable for good luck" and "Worrying about looking straight north" is suitable for seclusion. "This is just a literal analysis of the beginning and end of the dark period. In fact, this sentence condenses the feelings in the boat, the feelings far and near, and even the poet's sad feelings about how difficult the current situation is. It sums up the whole poem with a word "sorrow", which not only ends the whole poem with dignity, but also has infinite affection. Therefore, Du Shi Jing Quan said that "the knot has a far-reaching spirit".

This poem draws lessons from Shen Quanqi's poems, such as "People are suspicious of sitting in the sky, fish is hanging like a mirror" ("Fishing Rod") and "Clouds and white mountains are thousands of miles away" ("Far with Mr. Du, I have tried the ridge").

This seven-tone poem is deeply condensed in the natural circulation, which can well show the characteristics of Du Fu's poetic style in his later years.

Creative background:

The Cold Food Festival, also known as "No-smoking Festival", "Cold Food Festival" and "Hundred Five Days Festival", is one hundred and five days after the summer calendar and one or two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. When the first day of the day is a holiday, smoking is forbidden and only cold food is eaten.

Brief introduction of the poet:

Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, which is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.

reference data

Ancient Poetry Network: http://so.gushiwen.org/view_11593.aspx.