At present, the protocol family adopted by the global Internet is TCP/IP protocol family. IP is the protocol of the network layer in the TCP/IP protocol family and the core protocol of the TCP/IP protocol family. At present, the version number of IP protocol is 4 (abbreviated as IPv4), which has been used for more than 30 years.

The address number of IPv4 is 32 digits, that is, computers with a maximum of 2 to the 32nd power can access the Internet.

In recent ten years, due to the vigorous development of the Internet, the demand for IP addresses is increasing, which makes the allocation of IP addresses more and more strict. Various data show that all global IPv4 addresses may be allocated between 2005 and 2008.

What is IPv6?

IPv6 is the next version of Internet protocol, which can also be said to be the next generation Internet protocol. It was originally proposed because with the rapid development of the Internet, the limited address space defined by IPv4 will be exhausted, and the shortage of address space will definitely hinder the further development of the Internet. In order to expand the address space, it is suggested to redefine the address space through IPv6. The address length used by IPv6 is 128 bits, which can provide almost unlimited addresses. By conservatively estimating the actual assignable addresses of IPv6, the whole earth can still allocate more than 65,438+0,000 addresses per square meter. In the design process of IPv6, besides solving the problem of address shortage once and for all, other problems that IPv4 can't solve well are also considered, including end-to-end IP connection, quality of service (QoS), security, multicast, mobility, plug and play, etc.

What are the characteristics and advantages of IPv6 compared with IPv4?

More address space. IPv4 stipulates that the IP address length is 32, that is, there are two 32- 1 addresses; The length of IP address in IPv6 is 128, that is, there are two 128- 1 addresses.

Smaller routing table. IPv6 address aggregation follows the principle of clustering from the beginning, which makes the router use an entry in the routing table to represent a subnet, greatly reducing the length of the routing table in the router and improving the speed of forwarding packets.

Enhanced multicast support and flow control. This makes the multimedia application on the network have great development opportunities, and provides a good network platform for quality of service (QoS) control.

Added support for automatic configuration. This is an improvement and extension of DHCP protocol, which makes the management of network (especially LAN) more convenient and fast.

Higher security. In the IPv6 network, users can encrypt data and check IP packets at the network layer, which greatly enhances the security of the network.

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