Accuracy principle and appropriateness principle are two very important aspects in English verbal communication. Judging from the actual teaching of English lectures,

The learning link reflects that quite a few students have not mastered this point well, realized the importance of this kind of problem and avoided making mistakes in practical application.

Only when it happens can effective communication be better realized.

Keywords: English; Oral communication; Accuracy; suitable

In recent years, the level of college English teaching in China has improved.

To a great extent, it is due to the phenomenon of negative transfer of mother tongue and excessive transfer.

The influence of the old teaching system and teaching methods still exists.

Students' English communication ability is not strong. Issued by the Ministry of Education

"Basic Requirements for English Course Teaching in Colleges and Universities" clearly states that

It is pointed out that "training students to master the necessary practical English knowledge"

Knowledge and skills, with the ability to read and translate English-related information.

The preliminary ability of materials, and further improve the ability of English application.

Lay a certain foundation. "Among them, special emphasis is placed on cultivating students.

The problem of application ability. As a linguistic discipline, language communication

International ability is the most basic and essential application ability.

In order to keep up with the current teaching situation and cultivate students' enthusiasm

Finally, students can master English communication.

According to the requirement of ability, English teaching in our college is trying various forms.

Reform and explore new teaching concepts and effective teaching models. exist

In practice, I try to introduce English lectures into the teaching process.

This teaching form has changed the traditional teaching materials and teaching mode.

Although the teacher is the main speaker, students are also allowed to stick to the textbook.

Ask questions related to this subject in English at any time. Academic lectures

In this process, students can not only receive a large-scale education in a relaxed atmosphere.

Understandable input information can also exercise students' language.

Practical ability is a real process of verbal communication. Learn from school

In the students' questions to the lecturers (foreign teachers), we found that

Some invalid expressions and negative expressions directly reflect the students' words.

Problems in the process of language communication.

First, oral communication

The process of verbal communication is a speech code including the speaker.

And the listener's speech decoding.

It contains complex psychological and social factors. Express in verbal communication

The occupation, experience, status, education level of the recipient and the recipient,

National cultural differences and other factors will affect the expression effect. loudspeaker

If the language used is one-sided and too extreme, it will affect

Authenticity and appropriateness of verbal communication. "in order to achieve the predetermined goal.

For the purpose of communication, the speaker (speaker or author) must be based on discourse.

The output and feedback of information control your speech behavior.

Once found to deviate from the purpose, it must be adjusted and reassembled.

Form, to ensure the completion of the communication task. [1]79 comes from verbal communication.

Psychological and social factors in the process to overcome verbal communication.

Failure expression and negative expression. In order to effectively prevent verbal communication

For speech disorders, we must first master the principles of accuracy and appropriateness.

Principle.

Second, the principle of accuracy.

1975, American language philosopher Grice (H.P.

Grice) to supplement its cooperation principle, think

Verbal communication includes four categories, and each category includes a quasi-category.

Then there are some sub-criteria [2]73, in which the first and second criteria are respectively

What is mentioned here is quantity maximization and quality criterion.

(QualityMaxim), the standard requirements of quantity should include

The information needed for the dialogue should not contain unnecessary content.

Information. The principle of quality is to try to make what you say come true, and

It is to ask not to say that you know you are false and lack sufficient evidence.

According to the words. If it weren't for adapting to the environment or making special achievements,

Violating the norms of "quantity" and "quality" for special communication purposes will be affected.

On the effectiveness of verbal communication. Through observation, students are found to be involved.

In the process of asking questions in English lectures, we often fail to grasp the "quantity"

And it seems to be partial and comprehensive, with special generalization.

Some questions.

Example 1: Student A asks, "In China, husbands will-

Control the money in the family. So who controls it?

American money? "(In our China family, the husband has the final say.

Money. So, who cares about money in your America? )

In the question of student A, the main purpose of students' questions is

The first sentence mainly plays a leading role in the content of the second sentence.

Use. The essence of this lead-in sentence is that it does not exist in verbal communication.

Negative information expression, so it must also conform to the language table.

Achieve the "quality" of the effect principle standard. But in fact, the questioner's

However, the introduction sentence is a discourse expression lacking sufficient evidence. target

Frankly speaking, not all families in China are husbands in charge of money, because.

Different regional and family situations, for this complexity

The situation cannot be generalized. Student A should

In verbal communication, we should follow the principle of language expression and use it appropriately.

Restrictive words limit the range of action makers in order to achieve

Meet the requirements of real language expression.

Example 2: Student B asked, "Men have conquered their lives.

China Do American men beat their wives? "(in me

Men in China beat their wives. You Americans beat your wives.

Really? )

In Example 2, student B asks different questions from himself.

Americans of different nationalities don't use "Men" in questions.

There is a given limit, which is very important in the process of the listener's speech decoding activities.

It is easy to talk with the object "men" (male) involved by the speaker student B.

People are naturally understood as "allmen".

Or "naturally, men …" (usually men) talking to themselves.

His wife will use violence, which may lead to the listener's mistakes.

Solution, thus affecting the cultural information errors in the speaker's speech expression.

Yes.

Time is limited in the questioning session, so the questioner cannot be present.

All objective conditions are introduced into the foreshadowing sentence to explain in detail.

Ask questions later. Here, I suggest starting from the following aspects to do a good job of self.

Ji's leading sentence conforms to the expression and quality standard of verbal communication.

Quasi.

(A) the scope of fuzzy objects should be true and accurate.

In the example 1, student A will refer to the object "hus-

The band "(husband) is actually infinitely limited, that is, in

In the process of the listener's speech decoding activities, the speaker student A

The object involved "husband" (husband) naturally understands.

For "all husbands" (all husbands), this leads to obedience

Misunderstanding of the speaker affects the authenticity of the speaker's speech expression.

The leading sentence in student B's expression can be changed to: "Some men.

Beating their wives in China. "(In China, some men can fight.

His wife) or "I never hit my wife ..." (I

Never hit your wife, but some people will. ) has been modified.

Expression not only faithfully and appropriately expresses the questioner's purpose of asking questions,

But also effectively conveys the cultural information contained, so that listeners can

Accurately grasp the speaker's information and wishes, and finally achieve expectations.

Communication effect. Chad once said, "... the human brain can

Think and push with imprecise, unquantifiable and fuzzy methods.

Reason. [3] Therefore, in order to strive for the authenticity of the speaker's speech expression,

In order to avoid the misunderstanding of the listener, student A can be vague about the object involved.

Scope, that is, you don't have to give the exact scope of the object involved.

(B) increase the qualifier, and strive to be accurate

In case 1, student A failed to express the original speaker effectively.

The wish I want to express, the real wish of student A, has been faithfully described.

At present, our family culture in China has been introduced into it.

However, when student A expressed this wish, he did not cover the scope.

Truthfulness and arbitrary exaggeration lead to the loss of authenticity. To avoid

For this mistake, you can put "in China, Hus-

Replace "Band" with "My husband" or "My"

Wife "(my wife) or" I "(me), thus narrowing the related problems.

The range of the image makes the speaker's tone more objective, or introduced.

Use "some" or "some" before "husband" in information sentences.

Most, many, many, more and more.

"more" or "less and less" (more and more

Words like "less" limit the scope of the objects involved, thus making it possible to say.

The speaker's speech information passively realizes the authenticity standard in expression.

After the speaker uses these qualifiers, the listener uses them in his own discourse.

From the perspective of speech decoding process, we can accurately understand the listener.

The will conveyed, that is, the action (such as "con-" in this example)

Trol ") are not all" husbands ",

So as to effectively eliminate the possibility that the original text lacks authenticity.

Information misunderstanding and cultural misunderstanding against the speaker's will.

Third, the principle of appropriateness.

As mentioned earlier, if it is not to adapt to the context or achieve

Violate the standards of "quantity" and "quality" for special communicative purposes.

Then, it will affect the effectiveness of verbal communication. In some cases,

Have to violate the principle of cooperation. "Leach pointed out that people are communicating.

In violation of the principle of cooperation, the most fundamental consideration is that they should abide by the other two articles.

An important principle-politeness principle "[4] 106, proposed by LEECH.

The first sub-criterion of politeness principle is propriety criterion, especially

Is in the process of communicating with people of different nationalities and races, by

Due to the differences in beliefs and habits of different ethnic groups, it is also obvious to grasp the standard of appropriateness.

Especially important. Appropriateness is the highest standard of verbal communication. no

Appropriateness is also a speech disorder. In the course of English lectures, we also

There are inappropriate questions, mainly because the students are right.

I don't know the customs of that country, but it's easy to be a listener.

Misunderstanding is expressed by the declarative tone of all China people's opinions and ideas.

Reaching personal opinions and ideas leads to inappropriate speech diseases.

Elephant.

Example 3: In the communication with American teachers, student C asks questions.

Tao: "How much do you earn a month?" Do you spend it every month?

What's your income? )

In this expression, the speaker does not consider the society of the country where the listener is located.

For cultural reasons, it is inappropriate to ask questions rashly. in the U.S

In the process of transformation, issues such as income are unwilling to tell people and are unwilling to make public.

Private affairs, they will feel disgusted when we ask such questions.

I think the questioner is impolite and should interfere in his private affairs.

Before asking questions, you must understand that the relationship between language and culture is very high.

Guan, "said Mr. Hu Wenzhong, a famous English education expert in China.

Learning a foreign language is not only a process of mastering a language, but also a process of learning a language.

The process of contacting and understanding another culture. '"[5]

Another example is a lecture given by a foreign teacher in the Foreign Languages Department of our college.

AmericanWeddings (Introduction to American Wedding Culture) is the theme.

In the lecture, the student audience will ask questions after the lecture.

There are some common similar speech diseases that affect speech.

Appropriateness of communication.

The speech disorder mentioned above is in the process of English teaching.

It is universal, that is, students' verbal communication.

The principle is not well grasped. The process of verbal communication is complicated.

Pay attention to words in various English communication links.

The authenticity and appropriateness of the expression, and strive to express the theory appropriately and accurately.

The speaker's true will and conclusive information make the listener understand what he is saying.

Conduct accurate decoding to achieve the best verbal communication.

Effect.

References:

[1] Liu Huanhui. Verbal communication [M]. Jiangxi Education Press, 1988.

[2] filial piety. Verbal communication [M]. Hubei Education Press, 1996.

[3] Wang Penny. Fuzzy semantics of English numerals [J]. Qingdao Normal University

Report, 1994(2).

[4] Ge Lingling. Teaching pragmatics [M]. 2002.

[5] Yao Learning a foreign language requires "cross-cultural awareness" [EB/OL]

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