The leadership and management system of China civil air defense.

The leadership and management system of civil air defense is an important issue related to the effective organization of civil air defense preparation in peacetime and civil air defense attack struggle in wartime, and it is also the key issue of the whole civil air defense construction.

According to the Civil Air Defense Law, the peacetime leadership and management system of China's civil air defense is: "the State Council and the Central Military Commission lead the national civil air defense work. According to the authorization of the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), the military region leads the civil air defense work in this region. Local people's governments at or above the county level and military organs at the same level shall lead the civil air defense work in their respective administrative areas. " "The national competent department for civil air defense manages the national civil air defense work. The competent civil air defense department of the military region shall administer the civil air defense work in this region. The competent departments for civil air defense of local people's governments at or above the county level shall administer civil air defense work within their respective administrative areas. The competent civil air defense department of the central state organ shall administer the civil air defense work of the central state organ. " The establishment, responsibilities and tasks of the competent departments for civil air defense are stipulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC). "The planning, planning and construction departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the relevant civil air defense work within the scope of their respective duties."

According to the decision of the central government, the National Civil Air Defense Office, as the competent national civil air defense department, is located in the Operations Department of the General Staff Department and is responsible for managing the national civil air defense work; As the competent department of civil air defense in the military region, the Civil Air Defense Office in the military region is located in the operational department of the military command, which is responsible for the civil air defense work in this theater; The civil air defense office of the local people's government at or above the county level, as the competent department of civil air defense of the local people's government, is located in the people's governments at all levels and is the administrative department of the people's government at the corresponding level, responsible for the management of civil air defense work within their respective administrative areas; As the competent civil air defense departments of the central state organs, the Central directly under the authority and the Civil Air Defense Office of the central state organs are located in the Central directly under the authority Affairs Bureau and the the State Council Organs Affairs Bureau respectively, and are responsible for the civil air defense work of the central directly under the authority and the central state organs and their directly affiliated units in Beijing.

The civil air defense office of the people's government at or above the county level is the main body of the leadership and management system of civil air defense in China. It is a specialized civil air defense institution established in people's governments at all levels according to the regulations of the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC), and it is one of the administrative departments in the sequence of people's governments at the same level. Usually subject to the leadership of the people's government at the same level and the guidance of the competent department of civil air defense at a higher level. The main responsibilities are: to implement the principles, policies, laws, regulations and rules of the national civil air defense work, and to formulate laws, regulations and measures for civil air defense work in this administrative region; With the assistance of planning, planning, construction and other relevant departments, formulate plans and plans for civil air defense construction in their respective administrative areas; Formulate air raid prevention plans and various security plans; Organizing the construction and management of civil air defense projects and communication, alarm and command automation systems; To organize and manage civil air defense radios within their respective administrative areas; Supervise and inspect the implementation of civil air defense requirements in urban construction, capital construction and the development and utilization of urban underground space; Check and supervise the implementation of wartime medical rescue, material reserve, water and electricity supply and other security programs; Organizing, supervising and inspecting the construction, training and management of civil air defense professional teams; Organizing civil air defense exercises; Organizing publicity, education and scientific research on civil air defense; Manage civil air defense materials, funds and assets. According to the principle of combining peacetime with wartime, the civil air defense office can also be used as the main office for people's governments at all levels to rescue and deal with emergencies.

The wartime civil air defense command system is different from the usual leadership and management system. According to the Civil Air Defense Law, the wartime command system of China's civil air defense is based on the principles of integration, speed and municipal level, and a four-level command system of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), cities, districts (counties) and streets is implemented. When the state issues a war mobilization order, the civil air defense work will be transferred to the wartime command system, and the people's governments at or above the county level and military organs at the same level shall immediately set up a civil air defense command to perform the command functions of wartime civil air defense organizations. The people's air defense headquarters of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) is composed of provincial party committees (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), people's governments, leaders of provincial military regions (garrison areas and garrison areas), people's air defense offices of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and leaders of relevant departments. It is usually required to have a commander and several deputy commanders, who are leading comrades of the party Committee, the people's government and the military organs respectively. General command, communications, engineering, public security, political work, logistics and other business offices are set as offices. The Municipal People's Air Defense Command consists of the leaders of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal People's Government, the military sub-division, the Municipal Civil Defense Office and relevant departments. There shall be one commander and several deputy commanders, who shall be led by the Municipal People's Government and the military sub-districts. Generally, business offices such as command, communication, engineering, emergency repair, fire protection, public security, medical rescue, transportation, chemical prevention and epidemic prevention, political work and material supply are set as offices. Cities with only one civil air defense task should also set up air defense operations departments. Municipalities under the jurisdiction of the district (county), streets, large factories and mines, major economic protection target management departments should establish civil air defense headquarters according to the tasks undertaken, and their offices and personnel should be prepared according to the principle of lean and efficient, and the security needs should be set.