Question 1: How many words do you usually write in a science composition? One morning, I saw my mother watering the flowers and asked her, "Mom, if you water them, the flowers will grow.". Why? " "Son, this is because the roots of plants are conveying nutrients to flowers!" However, after listening to my mother, I still don't quite understand. When my mother saw that I still didn't understand, she said to me, "Never mind, how about I give you a little experiment?" When I heard that I was going to do the experiment, I danced with joy and shouted, "Good! You did a good job. I like doing experiments best! " We have prepared blue ink, plasticine, a plant with white flowers, dropper, marker, cup and water. My mother said to me, "Be careful not to break the cup!" " ""sure! "I promise that the experiment has begun. My mother put the water in the cup first, and then I sucked the red ink out with a dropper and dropped it into the cup filled with water. Then, my mother dipped the plant with white flowers and roots into the water. Suddenly, the bottom of the root began to turn red. I sealed the cup with plasticine, and my mother finally marked it with a marker. It was Ok! Mom added: "Remember to observe again in a week." "Yes!" I cried. I am really looking forward to it! Even dreamed about the story of this experiment. Time flies, a week has passed quickly, and today, the truth comes out! I'm so happy. As soon as I arrived at the experimental cup, I saw that the flowers turned red and there was less water in the cup. The last step is to cut the stem, so mother carefully cut off the stem of the plant with a knife. Wow! The stem suddenly turned red, and so did the root! It's amazing! Mother said: "The reason why flowers turn red is because the stems of plants transport water and nutrients, and the roots of plants absorb water and nutrients. "It is this sentence that makes me understand that those flowers will grow, which is the role of stems and roots, and also the role of water. Now I fully understand. Do you know the man sitting here?

Question 2: Chinese titles of scientific research papers are generally not more than a few words, depending on which journal you apply for. Different journals have their own submission requirements.

Question 3: What is the standard format for writing academic papers? How many words do I need to write? There are so many kinds of academic papers that it is hard to say that there is a standard format. For example, if you want to submit academic journals, each journal has its own "submission instructions" to specify the paper format; Each university or scientific research unit also has its own regulations, and there is no unified standard.

The number of words is almost the same, and there is no uniform regulation. For example, magazines contribute 4000~8000 words (generally 5000~6000 words); There are about 20,000 words for undergraduate thesis, 30,000 words for master thesis and 5-8 words for doctoral thesis.

Give you a general format for your reference (ask again if you are not clear):

1. Thesis title: (Signature attached below) Requirements are accurate, concise, eye-catching and novel. Generally no more than 20 words.

2. Contents

A table of contents is a short list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)

3. Executive summary/summary:

It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and concise content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.

4. Keywords or subject words

Keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, which are words with substantial meaning to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".

Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, we should analyze the theme of the paper and convert it into standard words in the thesaurus according to the rules of indexing and collocation. (See Chinese Thesaurus and World Chinese Thesaurus).

5. Text of the document:

(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.

< 2 > Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:

A. Questions-arguments;

B. problem analysis-arguments and arguments or experiments/experiments;

C. problem solving-demonstrating methods and steps;

D. conclusion.

Step 6 refer to

Thesis references are the main documents that can be referenced or cited in research and writing, and are listed at the end of the paper. References should be marked on a new page according to the description rules of references at the end of the paper (if there are provisions in the contributing journals, they should be marked according to the provisions).

English: Title-Author-Publication Information (Edition, Publisher, Publication Date)

English: Author-Title-Publication Information

The requirements for the listed references are: (1) The listed references should be official publications for readers' textual research.

(2) The listed references shall be marked with serial numbers, titles of works or articles, authors and publication information.

7. Thank you

I would like to express my gratitude to the people and institutions who have made great contributions to this research except the author.

Writing according to the above paper format can make your paper easier to be understood by readers and adopted by editors.

Question 4: How many words are required for scientific research papers and summaries? In which direction should you write your literature review? Did the teacher agree to the topic? Are there any specific requirements? How many words do you need?

Can you tell me the specific typesetting format requirements? If you want to write a good literature review, you must first find relevant materials in the library and determine the topic selection and writing direction. After the teacher agreed, I was writing. If you don't know anything, you can ask me directly. I hope I can help you, and I wish you a smooth writing process.

Abstract is a special collection of a certain aspect.

An academic paper written after comprehensive analysis of a large number of intelligence materials is a kind of scientific literature.

Format and writing

The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because research papers focus on research methods and results, especially positive results, while literature review requires readers to introduce detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments in the above aspects. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.

The preface mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and definitions, outlines the scope, and briefly explains the current situation or focus of debate of related topics, so that readers can have a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.

The theme part is the main body of the summary, and the writing methods are diverse and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order and compared from different angles according to different problems. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted, analyzed and compared, and the historical background, present situation and development direction of related topics and comments on these issues should be made clear. In the theme part, we should pay special attention to representative, scientific and creative references and comments.

The summary part is somewhat similar to the summary of the research paper. It briefly summarizes the theme of the full text, and authors who have studied the summarized theme had better put forward their own opinions. Although references are placed at the end of the article, they are an important part of literature review. Because it not only shows the respect for the author of the cited literature and the basis of the cited literature, but also provides clues for readers to discuss related issues in depth. So take it seriously. The arrangement of references should be clear, easy to find and accurate. Regarding the use of references, the recorded items and formats are the same as those of research papers, and they are not repeated.

Abstract is a special collection of a certain aspect.

An academic paper written after comprehensive analysis of a large number of intelligence materials is a kind of scientific literature.

Format and writing

The format of literature review is different from that of general research papers. This is because research papers focus on research methods and results, especially positive results, while literature review requires readers to introduce detailed information, trends, progress, prospects and comments in the above aspects. Therefore, the format of literature review is relatively diverse, but generally speaking, it includes the following four parts: preface, theme, summary and references. When writing a literature review, you can write an outline according to these four parts, and then write according to the outline.

The preface mainly explains the purpose of writing, introduces related concepts and definitions, outlines the scope, and briefly explains the current situation or focus of debate of related topics, so that readers can have a preliminary outline of the problems to be described in the full text.

The theme part is the main body of the summary, and the writing methods are diverse and there is no fixed format. It can be summarized in chronological order and compared from different angles according to different problems. No matter which format is adopted, the collected documents should be summarized, sorted, analyzed and compared, and the historical background, present situation and development direction of related topics and comments on these issues should be made clear. In the theme part, we should pay special attention to representative, scientific and creative references and comments.

The summary part is somewhat similar to the summary of the research paper. It briefly summarizes the theme of the full text, and authors who have studied the summarized theme had better put forward their own opinions. Although references are placed at the end of the article, they are an important part of literature review. Because it not only shows the respect for the author of the cited literature and the basis of the cited literature, but also provides clues for readers to discuss related issues in depth. So take it seriously. The arrangement of references should be clear, easy to find and accurate. Regarding the use of references, the recorded items and formats are the same as those of research papers, and they are not repeated.

I. Literature review

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Question 5: How many words are there in the scientific research paper of innovative training project? Isn't that what your tutor said? Every school has different rules, dear. How many words can I write?

Question 6: How many words does the state require for doctoral thesis? Well, doctoral dissertations are basically 150 pages, about 80 thousand. If you don't talk much, it doesn't matter if the content is clear.

Question 7: How many words are the results of scientific research papers? This is a problem that we need to study and solve. Small-scale projects refer to educational and scientific research that takes the specific problems encountered by teachers in teaching practice as the subject and is completed by individual teachers or several people in cooperation, and can achieve results in a short time. Project research is an essential quality for teachers and an important way to improve teaching quality. Small topic research generally has the following four steps.

I. Selected topics

Topic selection is the key to the research. The subject determines the depth, breadth, significance, content and process of the research. Don't blindly and rashly choose the topic. The general idea is to find problems-find information-analyze problems-determine topics. There are some misunderstandings in the topic selection: the more fashionable, the better; The more popular, the better; The bigger the better. In fact, being fashionable, popular and big is not necessarily right and good. Small-scale research is characterized by seeking cold from hot, seeking differences from the same, and making a mountain out of a molehill. There are several basic ways to choose a theme:

(1) Choose a topic from the problems and puzzles in education and teaching.

The purpose of small topic research is to solve various specific problems existing in education and teaching. Teachers are in the educational scene every day, which is the origin of educational problems. For example: how to improve the efficiency of students' group cooperative learning; How to improve the efficiency of students' homework; How to make classroom teaching both open and orderly; How to treat the differences between students, etc. Teachers can choose topics from places where they are dissatisfied or need improvement, accumulate them for a long time, dig out problems worth studying and establish their own "problem library".

Faced with many practical problems, which problem should teachers choose as a small topic to study? This should be considered from the value and urgency of the problems worth studying. When a problem becomes difficult, teachers need to analyze the main manifestations and reasons of the problem. Then look up information, learn from other people's experience, and seek solutions to problems. In this way, teachers pay attention to, track and analyze a teaching problem, and this problem can become a topic. If some students can't finish their homework independently, the main performance is that they don't master what they have learned. The solution is to improve students' classroom learning efficiency and cultivate their learning ability, from which a topic can be formed: the study of strategies to promote students to complete their homework independently.

(2) find a topic to communicate.

The discussion and communication between teachers is one of the sources of small topics. Communication can broaden our horizons and let teachers know more about education and teaching. This may cause problems that teachers are not aware of and gradually form small topics.

(3) reflect on the topic in theoretical study.

In reading learning, the most important thing is that teachers should always pay attention to thinking in a targeted way in combination with their own work practice, and interpret and analyze the related problems or experiences in their own work, so that valuable problems or experiences can be gradually clarified in contact and interpretation.

(4) Find the topic from the students' answers.

Teachers should know more about students' reactions, observe their words and deeds, communicate with them more, better discover their real needs, solve problems in education and teaching, and at the same time dig up some unexpected but valuable topics for teachers.

(5) Summarize the subject from the applied research of existing achievements.

The research orientation is mainly to apply other people's research results to their own educational practice. This kind of topic is suitable for young teachers, because it is implemented in education and teaching practice after learning the achievements of others. Generally speaking, teachers should choose topics from other people's achievements that they are interested in, but they must pay attention to operability.

(6) Summing up experience to form a topic.

Teachers combine their own interests, analyze and summarize the teaching experience of self-education, and conduct systematic combing and rational analysis. This will help teachers find their own bright spots and successes in education and teaching, promote teachers' personalized development and form self-education characteristics. This kind of small topic is generally suitable for backbone teachers who have certain teaching practice.

(7) Innovative works students publish topics.

This kind of small project often needs more scientific research methods, which requires higher quality of teachers' education and scientific research, and is more suitable for teachers with certain scientific research ability to choose. The research direction is mainly to discover new laws, explore new methods and expound new relationships.

Second, make plans.

After the topic is determined, the topic is demonstrated first. That is, the significance, content, present situation, benefit and feasibility of the subject are analyzed and studied. Then determine the research objectives, process, content and methods (forming hypotheses) and write a research plan. In the research of small topics, teachers don't have to write detailed and standardized research plans, but they must be clear about their research objectives and contents, and clear about the research process and methods. There must be ... >>

Question 8: How many words do you need for your graduation thesis? 1. Graduation thesis is the last course in your university, which is very important. The direction of the thesis is my own professional direction, which is discussed and verified from a forward-looking perspective. I believe your thesis view has been confirmed. The next step is to collect relevant information and enrich your views as much as possible. General liberal arts graduation thesis 1W word or so, less science.

2. Contents and requirements of graduation thesis writing:

2. 1 topic

The topic should be short, clear and general, which can properly and accurately reflect the research content of this paper. The topic does not exceed 25 words, unless it is really necessary, there is generally no subtitle.

2.2 Abstracts and keywords

2.2. 1 Summary

It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, and it is an independent and complete paper. It should include the innovative ideas, main arguments and theoretical and practical significance of the paper. Formulas, charts and reference numbers should not be used in abstracts. Avoid writing abstracts as table of contents.

keyword

Key words are the subject terms of retrieval, and general terms that can cover the main contents of the paper should be adopted. Generally, there are 3-5 keywords, arranged according to the expansion level of the entry (expanded to the first).

2.3 Text

The text includes introduction, text and conclusion.

2.3. 1 Introduction

Introduction is generally considered as the first chapter. The introduction should include: the purpose and practical significance of this design (paper); Understand the problems studied and the technical requirements to be achieved; The main research contents of this design (thesis); Briefly describe the literature review of this topic at home and abroad; Sometimes it will briefly introduce the basis of research methods and materials.

2.3.2 The main body of the paper

The text of the paper is the main part of the paper, which should be reasonable in structure, clear in level, prominent in key points and concise and fluent in words. The main contents of this paper should include the following aspects:

The design principle, overall scheme design and type selection demonstration of this research content;

The design and calculation of each part of this research (including hardware and software);

The content of this study is the feasibility and effectiveness of the design of the test scheme and the processing and analysis of the test data;

Theoretical analysis of the content of this study. We should comprehensively and objectively expound the contents and achievements of this study in theory, point out the innovation, improvement and practical application of this study, and expound the existing problems of this study and the opinions and suggestions for further research. For those who cite theories and achievements from other fields into this research field, the source of the theory should be explained, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the citation should be discussed.

Natural science papers should have correct reasoning, clear conclusions and no scientific errors.

Management and humanities papers should include discussion and systematic analysis of research problems, comparative study, model or scheme design, case demonstration or empirical analysis, analysis of model operation results or suggestions for improvement measures.

conclusion

The conclusion of the paper is written as a chapter without a chapter number.

The conclusion is a summary of the main achievements of this paper. In the conclusion, we should clearly point out the achievements of this research content, or new opinions and new viewpoints, predict and evaluate its application prospect and social and economic value, and point out the prospects and ideas for further research work in this research direction in the future. The content of the conclusion generally does not exceed 2000 words.

thank you

Thanks to the instructor or the units and individuals who assisted in the design (thesis) work. The content is concise and realistic.

2.5 references

Reference is an indispensable part of graduation project (thesis), and the cited literature must be the literature directly related to the design (thesis) work that I really read and published recently. Therefore, it reflects the source, breadth and reliability of materials, and is listed in 10, including more than 2 foreign documents.

2.6 Appendix

The appendix is the content of some achievements, which should not be placed in the text, but directly reflects the completed work. Graduation design is accompanied by drawings, experimental data, computer programs and other materials, and the materials contained in the appendix are an important part of graduation design (thesis).

3 writing rules

3. 1 design (paper writing)

Designs (papers) must be copied in person or input on a computer and arranged on A4 paper.

There are two kinds of abstracts in Chinese and English, the Chinese abstract is in the front and the English abstract is on another page.

3.2 Summary

The number of words in the abstract is generally around 500 words. Based on the principle of clearly stating the specified content, there is no need to write the title of the paper on the abstract page.

English abstracts are completely consistent with Chinese abstracts, and English grammar and words should be correct.

3.3 Directory

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Question 9: How many words are required for graduate thesis? All add up to about 3w.