The western part of China is vast and rich in resources. The existence of ecological barriers in the economic development of the western region restricts the economic development of the western region to a certain extent. However, as long as we make rational use of ecological barriers and develop ecological resources, we can adapt to the economic development situation of developing economy and protecting ecology, reduce the damage of economic development to the ecological environment, take the road of sustainable development and realize the national strategy of developing the western region.
Keywords: rational development of ecological barrier economy
1 preface
Regional natural conditions refer to various natural elements related to regional, human and economic activities, and are the conditions for regional economy to play its natural material foundation. Therefore, the natural conditions of a place have a decisive influence on the regional economic development of a place. The western region is rich in all kinds of material ecological resources, forming a natural ecological barrier, which restricts the development of the western region to a certain extent, thus protecting the original ecological resources of the western region to a certain extent.
2 the status of ecological barriers in western China
2. 1 The ecological environment in the west is very fragile. If it is destroyed, it is difficult to restore it to its original state.
Although China now has the most primitive ecological landscape and mineral resources, natural gas, coal, hydropower, non-ferrous metals, salt mines and other resources also occupy a prominent position in the national resource pool, which is an important resource supporting area for the development of China in 2 1 century. Due to people's unreasonable development and utilization, the natural ecological environment in this area is very fragile.
2.2 The western landscape is dominated by mountains, plateaus and deserts, with inconvenient transportation and imperfect public facilities.
Take the railway as an example. By the end of 200 1, the railway density (calculated by mileage) and highway density (calculated by mileage) in western10/7.8/kloc-2 provinces (cities, districts) will be 37.67km/km2. Transportation is also similar to railway transportation. Traffic is also very important to the development of national economy, and the western region has formed its own ecological barrier because of its own topography.
2.3 The natural climate in the west is unstable, mostly natural disasters.
Frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events (El Nino, drought, flood, thunderstorm, hail, rainstorm, high temperature weather and sandstorm, etc.). ) caused by the obvious increase in climate change, which directly endangers the national economic development of China. However, the western region of China is bound by the special ecological environment, and disasters are also very frequent. These natural disasters have also restricted the economic development of the western region to a certain extent.
3 reasons why ecological barriers affect regional economic development
3. 1 Developing regional economy in the form of transferring resources leads to fragile ecological environment in this area.
Many areas in the west have entered a vicious circle of getting poorer and developing, and getting poorer and poorer. In addition, the speed of governance is far behind the speed of degradation, and the threat of ecological security has become the biggest threat to the sustainable development of the region, further aggravating the poverty of the economy and farmers in the region. The huge ecological deficit has led to huge fiscal deficit and educational and cultural deficit.
3.2 The topography of this area naturally blocks frequent contact with the central and eastern regions.
Due to the natural topography of the western region, many provinces have the problem of insufficient construction or poor access to foreign highways, especially the number, low grade and insufficient capacity of highway access from the western region to the economically developed areas in the central and eastern regions and neighboring countries, which has affected the economic ties between the western region and the economically developed areas in the central and eastern regions and neighboring countries to some extent. Form a natural barrier and affect the economic development of the western region.
3.3 Because it is located in a changeable climate zone, it naturally blocks the inflow of some foreign capital.
In the inland areas of the west, there are many plateaus and mountains and the climate is dry. In some years, the southwest and monsoon come late, or retreat early, or the wind is too weak and the rain is insufficient, which determines the fragile ecological environment and is prone to strong ecological disasters. Frequent disasters will also hinder the economic development of this area. The strong change of climate makes it impossible for some industries to rise here, which restricts the development of regional industrial economy to some extent. 4 problems in the development of western regional economy
4. 1 Insufficient protection and management of ecological environment.
The ecological environment in which they live is very fragile, under-protected, over-exploited and without reasonable governance. This will only make the ecological barrier effect more and more obvious. Ecological fragility can't stand pollution, and many industries can't be introduced because they have to spend more financial resources, material resources and manpower to control the pollution caused by enterprises to the ecological environment.
4.2 Lack of infrastructure in the western region
Infrastructure includes transportation, electricity, communication, water supply, etc. In terms of transportation, the form is single, the network coverage is not wide enough, and many backward or remote places have not yet reached the expressway. The terrain in the west is mostly mountainous, and the terrain is dangerous. Some areas can't be covered by the power grid. Communication and power grid cannot be involved, and communication cannot be fully developed. Many areas in the northwest are still in a state of extreme drought, with little annual precipitation, and it is also difficult to lay water supply pipelines.
4.3 the lack of talent in the western region
The shortage of self-trained talents and the imperfect mechanism of introducing talents from abroad have led to the shortage of talents in the west. Since the reform and opening up, the trend of talents flowing from the western region to the eastern region has not been fundamentally reversed because of the comparative advantages of the eastern developed regions in economic income, working environment and employment concept.
4.4 The investment environment in the west is unattractive and the state support is limited.
Lack of foreign investment and self-owned investment, even with good resources, can not promote the development of regional economy. First of all, the national budget is insufficient, the self-raised funds are limited, and the introduction of foreign capital is very small, which has also become an important bottleneck restricting the economic development of the western region.
5 Suggestions and solutions
5. 1 Make rational use of ecological barriers and establish a good sustainable development strategy: the existence of ecological barriers not only hinders the development of regional economy in the western region, but also protects some original ecological landscapes and resources in the western region. Therefore, establishing a set of sustainable development strategies can not only make the western region get rid of ecological barriers, but also protect the ecological environment in the western region reasonably. Strengthening the protection and construction of ecological environment is an important and urgent task.
5.2 Adjustment of industrial structure in western China: From primary and secondary industries to tertiary industries and then to advantageous industries, we should give full play to the unique advantages of the original ecology, turn ecological barriers into ecological advantages, and attract more tourists and foreign businessmen. Actively adjust the industrial structure, implement the strategy of developing the western region, have a high starting point and do not repeat construction; It is necessary to strengthen the agricultural foundation, adjust and optimize the agricultural structure and increase farmers' income; Rationally develop and protect resources and promote the transformation of resource advantages into economic advantages; Accelerate the pace of industrial adjustment, structural adjustment and transformation; Vigorously develop the tertiary industry such as tourism.
5.3 Strengthen interregional cooperation: The east is now a gathering place for new technologies and high-end talents in various fields, and various resources in the east are also limited. Combining the advantages of capital, technology and talents in the eastern and central regions with the advantages of resources, market and labor in the western region, implementing complementary advantages, mutual benefit and common development, and establishing a market-oriented cross-regional enterprise cooperation mechanism can realize the complementary advantages of resources in the western region, introduce technology and capital into the western region, and form complementary cooperation.
5.4 Strengthen infrastructure construction: Infrastructure construction includes transportation, communication and energy. These are the prerequisites and guarantees for developing the economy in the western region. To break the shackles of the original ecological barrier and speed up frequent contact with the central and eastern regions, we must proceed from a strategic height, make greater determination, advance construction with greater investment and moderately advance. We should focus on highway construction and strengthen the construction of railways, airports and natural gas pipelines; Strengthen the construction of infrastructure such as power grid, communication, radio and television; Strengthen the construction of water conservancy infrastructure, especially adhere to the rational development and economical utilization of water resources. On the basis of full argumentation, we should concentrate on a number of major key projects. Infrastructure construction is a prerequisite for economic development and plays a huge role in economic growth.
5.5 Establish a good talent team: First, develop basic education and generally improve the cultural and technical quality of the whole people; Second, make use of favorable conditions to develop vocational education and increase the proportion of college students; The third is to formulate preferential policies to stabilize talents and attract talents to return; The fourth is to hire high-quality experts at home and abroad to develop new projects.