1. Project management is the embodiment and source of enterprise management level, which directly maintains and restricts the development of enterprises and is an important part of modern enterprise system.
Project management is a process of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling the whole process from investment decision-making, construction, delivery to after-sales service in order to effectively use limited manpower, material resources, financial resources, information, time and space and obtain the best economic, social and environmental benefits with the lowest consumption. Modern project management involves nine knowledge fields, including scope management, time management, cost management, human resource management, risk management, quality management, procurement management, communication management and comprehensive management, as well as five processes of project start-up, planning, execution, control and closure.
2. The concept of engineering design project management. The concept of engineering design project management is: in the engineering design stage, through planning and control, the design cost goal, schedule goal, quality goal and project investment goal are realized. All stages of engineering design include pre-design preparation stage, design stage, construction stage, pre-construction preparation stage and warranty period. The tasks of design project management include: "three controls, two pipes and one coordination", that is, design cost control (including design cost control and engineering cost control related to design work), design progress control and design quality control; Design contract management and design information management; Organization and coordination of design work.
Generally speaking, the content of engineering design project management can be divided into design schedule management and technical quality management.
2. 1 planning a construction project has a complete planning process, that is, the overall planning of the work. Including the goal of this project, the time schedule of the design project, the overall specification of the design process and the market research prospect of this project. All plans of design projects play a vital role, which is an important basis and measure for future work development and evaluation. A perfect plan can lay the foundation for future success.
2.2 After the organizational goals are determined, limited resources need to be allocated effectively. Professional team is very important to a project. A project manager who plans a project, especially a project manager, needs scientific operation and management to maximize the benefits of human resources and material resources, so as to achieve the established project objectives with good quality and quantity. Each team member has different abilities, and each team member has its own advantages and disadvantages. How to learn from each other's strengths also requires a reasonable organizational structure. As the saying goes, organizational structure directly affects the speed of information transmission and feedback within the team, that is, communication problems. Only the unity of employees can ensure the smooth progress of the project, which is directly proportional to the speed and quality.
2.3 After supervising the design process of a project, it does not mean the end of the whole project, but the construction process can be regarded as the core part of a project. Therefore, this requires the project leader to summarize and evaluate at every time and stage, sum up experiences and lessons and urge employees to ensure the design progress.
2.4 Control is an important link in the implementation stage. The person in charge must grasp the objectives and schedule within the requirements of the design scheme, reasonably control the quality, schedule and investment, make comprehensive and detailed arrangements for the implementation of the schedule from the technical and economic aspects, and supervise and accept it during the implementation process, so that it can be successfully completed within the normal scope.
Management method of engineering design project Whether the management of an engineering design project is successful or not is closely related to the scientific management method of contract management, the quality of engineering designers and the quality, cost and progress of engineering design project management.
3. 1 contract management
1) Contract is the soul of management and the link to maintain the relationship between Party A and Party B. In the process of engineering design, design project management is implemented based on the contract content. The design unit is the main body of the contract and is mainly responsible for all the work contents and scope of the whole design process. Therefore, before drafting, signing and implementation, the design unit should focus on contract review, and in the review, Party A's requirements, laws and regulations will be transformed into the quality requirements of the designed products. The contract review time is usually conducted before bidding, signing contracts or orders, so as to ensure that the requirements related to engineering design, including those expressed orally, have been confirmed, the objections have been resolved, and Party B has the ability to meet the specified requirements. At the same time, records of contract review results and measures caused by the review shall be kept. If the product requirements change, the contract should be revised and the revised information should be notified to relevant departments and personnel in time.
2) Considering the size of the engineering design project, the evaluation method can be approved and countersigned by the authorized person according to the project category, project scale and technical difficulty. Generally speaking, the standard is: large or difficult projects should be countersigned for evaluation, and small or easy projects should be approved by the authorized person. It should be pointed out that Party A's requirements should be accurately understood, including those expressed orally by Party A, and whether the project name, stage, scale, investment, content and standards are clear; Whether the product requirements are clearly defined in the entrustment task book and contract; Whether the technical, quality and time limit requirements in the contract are feasible; Whether it has the ability to meet the customer's requirements for product use, delivery and service; Whether the problem of inconsistent understanding of the contract or order between the supply and demand sides has been solved; Whether there are corresponding countermeasures for the special requirements put forward by customers that may expose the company to risks; Whether to take necessary and realizable technical and resource measures.
3.2 personnel quality management
1) The internal management of engineering design projects is the core of project management and the core work of design units. At present, the competition of design enterprises is becoming increasingly fierce. Only by continuous learning and establishing research-oriented organizations can we improve the quality of designers as a whole. At the same time, employees should be encouraged to actively innovate. To strengthen the management of design team, we must first establish a management team that can fight hard, unite sincerely and cooperate tacitly; To correctly divide the authority of technical management at all levels, we should adhere to decentralized management and responsibility supervision, and give full play to the enthusiasm and creativity of every engineering and technical personnel. Secondly, before the project starts, the project design outline should be compiled, the quality assurance system should be established, and the project management of engineering design should be implemented.
2) The project leader is the key to the management of engineering design projects. First of all, the project leader is the planner, organizer and implementer of the engineering design project. Plan the whole implementation process of engineering design projects and be responsible for the overall quality of engineering design projects. In the early stage, we should organize all professional designers to correctly understand the bidding documents or the construction intention of the entrusting party and prepare the "design outline". Organize scheme demonstration, design review and design verification at the appropriate stage of design. After the design is completed, the project leader should also pay attention to the integrity of the whole engineering design product, including the design model or multimedia in the scheme stage; In the initial expansion stage, in addition to meeting the requirements of process and use function, it should also meet the requirements of Party A's bidding documents and equipment orders. In the construction drawing stage, the opinions put forward by relevant departments in the review should be implemented one by one, especially the implementation of laws, regulations and mandatory standard clauses, so as to ensure that the construction drawing review can be passed at one time. After the construction drawing is delivered to Party A for construction, the project leader shall actively organize various professional designers to coordinate the on-site construction to ensure the overall quality of the engineering design project is controlled. Therefore, strengthening the management of the person in charge of the project is the top priority of the personnel quality management of the design institute.
3) The person in charge of the engineering design project should not only take the whole design team well, but also pay attention to the training of young designers, including the training of the assistant of the person in charge of the engineering design project, the training of professional designers by professional leaders and the training of proofreaders by auditors. Only by constantly improving their quality awareness and broadening their professional knowledge and internal and external communication skills can the company have more business backbones with high technical level and good professional ethics, thus improving the overall professional quality of the company's professional and technical personnel.
3.3 Quality management
3.3. 1 To do a good job in quality management, we must first make clear the quality objectives of engineering design projects.
Before the engineering design, the quality objectives of the engineering design project should be determined according to the requirements of Party A, the actual situation of the project and the engineering investigation report, and the quality objectives of the engineering design project should be strictly controlled at all stages of the design to ensure that they are realized one by one.
3.3.2 Special attention should be paid to the design control of key processes.
The design of major or key processes should not only have specific design schemes, but also have design innovations. In the design process, the person in charge of the project should organize relevant personnel to formulate the design scheme in line with the project according to the characteristics of the design institute, and organize joint review and solicit expert opinions. In addition to strict examination and inspection according to the examination and inspection contents stipulated in the quality standards, the examination of key design processes should be further strengthened to prevent quality accidents caused by design. At the same time, actively promote the application of new technologies and materials in engineering design and improve the technical content of engineering design.
3.3.3 Design in strict accordance with the design specifications.
According to the characteristics of engineering design projects, the company should organize forces to prepare unified design specifications, technical measures and technical regulations for all disciplines. Compile the effective version catalogue of standard specifications, atlas and node details, and the effective version catalogue of computer application software, and mark the catalogue according to common use, universality and selection, which is convenient for designers to choose, and must also be dynamically managed. It should be noted that all design procedures (outline planning, scheme review, design verification, etc. ) must undergo a strict (correctness, feasibility and operability) review.
3.3.4 Adhere to the "three schools and two examinations system".
After each design process is completed, the designer shall first conduct self-calibration, and then proofread, check, review and approve relevant personnel step by step (must be qualified personnel). It is not allowed to skip the approval, and it is not allowed to skip the approval without completing the rectification. It is suggested that designers participating in the same engineering design project should not proofread each other, which is not easy to find problems and is not suitable for improving the quality of engineering design.
3.3.5 Do a good job in technical disclosure.
Once the design is delivered to Party A, the person in charge of the engineering design project should take the initiative to contact Party A and make technical disclosure in time. Before the disclosure, the person in charge of the engineering design project shall organize the person in charge of each discipline to prepare the disclosure outline, and the technical disclosure of the design institute shall not be replaced by the minutes of the disclosure meeting prepared by the construction unit.
3.4 Cost Management Cost management is to guide, supervise, adjust and limit the manpower, material resources and expenses consumed in the design process during the formation of engineering design projects, control all production expenses within the planned cost, and ensure the realization of cost objectives.
3.4. 1 The person in charge of the engineering design project is the first responsible person for the cost control of the engineering design project.
In project management, the person in charge of the engineering design project should grasp and analyze the profit and loss situation in time, and take effective measures to monitor it quickly.
3.4.2 Control labor costs.
Within the design institute, engineers and technicians should be reasonably arranged to participate in engineering design, and they should be reasonably matched according to the category, scale and technical difficulty of engineering design projects.
3.5 schedule management
3.5. 1 Make the progress plan.
The content of the plan includes all the preparatory work in the early stage of design, including personnel arrangement, investment from various disciplines, proofreading, countersigning, evaluation, production progress of finished products, etc. The plan should be predictable and forward-looking, so that the timetable can meet the changed implementation conditions.
3.5.2 Organize the implementation of the schedule.
After the plan is approved, it is necessary to implement dynamic management, timely check and find problems that affect the design progress of engineering design projects, and revise and update the schedule plan.
3.5.3 Keep close communication with Party A. ..
Because Party A's needs and expectations are constantly changing, he may not only consider the pressure of competition and the development of technology, but also put forward different ideas on the scheme, expansion and construction drawing and issue a "change order" to urge Party B to reflect and deal with it in time.
To sum up, the contract, personnel quality management, quality, cost and progress of an engineering design project are closely related, and the negligence of any link will affect the effectiveness of the whole engineering design project. Therefore, the management of engineering design projects must run through the whole process of engineering design projects, and effective comprehensive control must be carried out to improve the company's core competitiveness and bring good economic benefits to the company.
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