Food is the most basic necessity for human survival and life. The human body can meet the needs of various nutrients by constantly ingesting food. The nutrition and safety of food are not only the guarantee of preventing diseases and improving health, but also related to the national economy and people's livelihood. In the past, China has been facing enormous population pressure. Due to insufficient supply, agricultural production has been pursuing high yield. Now, the planned supply has changed to the market supply, and the grain supply has developed from a shortage to a balance between supply and demand, with more than a good year. However, due to the neglect of agricultural product quality management, food safety standards are too low. After China's entry into WTO, one of the challenges facing agriculture is food safety, which is related to the vital interests of consumers, farmers and food processing enterprises. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of food safety.

1 current situation of food safety problems

In recent years, food safety problems have emerged one after another all over the world, and foodborne diseases have broken out on all continents, with fast epidemic speed, wide coverage and long duration. For example, the Belgian double-mouth disease, the British mad cow disease, the foot-and-mouth disease in Europe, and the clenbuterol poisoning incident in China, the poisoning incident of polishing poisoned rice with industrial oil, and the poisoning incident of pesticide residues in vegetables are all frequently reported in newspapers, and the problems about food quality and food safety are also frequently reported in newspapers. At the same time, China's food and agricultural products are often returned by importing countries due to health problems. Microbial hazard is the biggest hazard to food safety at present. Food is polluted in the process of production, transportation and packaging, or food made from sick animals and sick birds leads to a large number of bacteria, molds and parasites, resulting in food poisoning. Bacterial food poisoning incidents account for 30%-90% of the total number of food poisoning incidents in China every year, and the number of people poisoned accounts for 60%-90% of the total number of food poisoning incidents.

Some highly toxic pesticides, such as methamidophos, are widely used in the planting process of vegetables and other crops. The pesticide withdrawal period is too short, and some even use it * days before harvest, resulting in high pesticide residue concentration on vegetables, which seriously affects the health of consumers. Abuse or illegal use of veterinary drugs and banned drugs, so that veterinary drug residues in animal foods exceed the standard. For example, the common clenbuterol poisoning incidents not only increase the risk of getting sick from eating animal food, but also lead to the aggravation of infectious diseases, the increase of new diseases and the spread of zoonotic diseases. Moreover, due to the extensive use of antibiotics, common bacteria have developed strong drug resistance, leading to serious bacterial infectious diseases.

Natural toxins in food come from some common poisonous fungi, poisonous animals and plants, and enter the digestive system, nervous system, urinary system and other organs of the human body with food, resulting in substantial damage to the functions or organs of these systems, causing corresponding disease symptoms and even death. Well-known toxins, such as aflatoxin, are liver carcinogens, which mainly pollute corn and peanuts. Some food enterprises and unlicensed production enterprises abuse and use food additives in violation of laws and regulations, adding non-edible ingredients or toxic and harmful substances, such as the "poisoned rice" incident in 200 1 Guangdong Province, which found that "poisoned rice" was mixed with industrial oil, leading to consumer poisoning. In addition, mineral oil was found to be mixed with mustard oil, corn salad oil and edible oil.

With the emergence of more and more genetically modified foods, Europe and the United States are also arguing over whether to eat genetically modified foods, and labeling genetically modified foods as required has not been well implemented. Different opinions on its safety have also aroused heated debates in the international community, but this kind of food safety problem is different from the past, which needs to be jointly evaluated by FAO and WTO experts and finally verified by time.

2 food safety misunderstanding

At present, people have misunderstandings about food safety: First, they think that pesticide residues and abuse of veterinary drugs are the biggest food safety hazards, but experts point out that food-borne diseases caused by microorganisms are the main factors affecting food safety, and the incidence rate is still rising, which is the focus of future monitoring. The second is that green food and organic food are safe. Experts pointed out that green food and organic food are not the same as safe food. In fact, food should be safe as long as it meets the relevant standards. The focus of safety management is drinking water first, followed by vegetables and fruits, grain and its products, livestock products and aquatic products. And these foods or food ingredients are the focus of pollution and neglect.

3 the root of food safety problems

For food safety, consumers are often concerned about the nutritional value and quality of food itself, such as moldy food, poor nutritional indicators and so on. However, with the development of commodity economy, the safety problems caused by artificially changing the nature of food in the process of production, processing, transportation, storage and sales are increasingly urgent, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and abuse of growth hormone in planting; Second, excessive use of additives, veterinary drugs and antibiotics in aquaculture, abuse or illegal use of hormones and illegal drugs; Third, pathogenic microorganisms and parasites can endanger food safety by infecting animals and plants; Fourth, the processing conditions of raw materials do not meet the requirements of food hygiene regulations and standards, and the cold storage conditions and health and safety measures in food storage, transportation and sales are improper; Fifth, environmental pollution, such as water pollution, garbage incineration, air and soil pollution, causes food-borne diseases. Pesticide and industrial waste pollution often enter animals through drinking water and animal and plant feed, which affects the safety of livestock and poultry products.

4 food safety protection measures

Food safety is an important public health problem. How to coordinate human needs for food and ensure the quantity, quality and safety of food properly, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and inspection of all aspects of food safety.

1. Improve the system of laws, regulations and standards.

2. Establish an operability test system.

3. Strengthen the management and supervision of food safety.

4. Improve the network supervision system

5. Develop ecological products.