Introduction to Graduation Thesis (1): Introduction to Revolution and Its Distortion in Modern China.
? Revolution? In English? Revolution? The word originated in the west, but it gradually spread eastward from Russia to China from the French Revolution in the18th century, so that it became a major aspect of the whole era in the 20th century. ? Revolution? This word has become a popular word of the times, especially in China in the 20th century? Revolution? From political revolution to social revolution, and then to the revolution in the depths of the soul, we can say everything. People have to ask how this revolution was distorted in the process of being introduced into China, which caused great subversion to the original ideas.
Introduction to Graduation Thesis (II): Introduction to "On Scientific Adjustment of physical education class Density in Kindergarten"
Physical education class density in kindergartens, also known as general class density, refers to the proportion of reasonable utilization time to the total time of various activities in physical education class. The reasonable use of time in various activities refers to the guidance of teachers (such as explaining, demonstrating, correcting children's mistakes, etc.). ), children's practice and mutual observation, and reasonable organizational measures (such as queuing and mobilizing teams). ) and a reasonable rest. The ratio of the time spent in one of the above activities to the total class time is called the density of the activity, such as the density of explanation, demonstration, practice, organizational measures, rest, etc. Among them, exercise density is particularly important, which refers to the proportion of children's time doing exercises in class to the total classroom time. Because the biggest feature of physical education class is that organisms directly participate in various sports, the practice density can best reflect the characteristics of physical education class, which has a great influence on the completion of physical education teaching tasks. In addition, it is relatively easy to test the practice density of children. Therefore, kindergartens like physical education class generally measure the activity of children in physical education class by measuring the practice density.
Introduction to Graduation Thesis (III) Introduction to Strategic Human Resources Audit
At present, China's economy is developing rapidly, and it is moving towards the direction of economic power, and its achievements have attracted worldwide attention. This is one aspect. On the other hand, we should also be soberly aware that there are still many irregularities in the development of China, and many places have not yet entered a regular development. The development and management of human resources has a history of 60 or 70 years in developed countries. We used to follow the traditional personnel management model, and the development and management of human resources in a truly modern sense only started a few years ago. Therefore, there are some unavoidable problems in the management methods of human resources, which seriously restrict the development and management of human resources. However, with the further development of enterprises, the importance of management becomes more and more obvious, and the management of people is the most difficult and changeable law in management. The key skill is human resource management, so the pressure of repositioning human resource management is increasing, but the transformation of human resource management still has a long way to go both strategically and technically. Moreover, the transformation difficulty of human resource management is global. Based on the investigation and understanding of human resource management in enterprises in China, we can sum up the difficulties in the strategic transformation of human resource management into eight key challenges, namely, market competition, legal environment, strategic positioning, interest mechanism, performance appraisal, management structure, information technology and human capital.
The following is the model essay of college students' graduation thesis I brought, I hope it will help you!
Problems and countermeasures of interaction between situation and policy courses in colleges and universities
At present, there are still some problems in the teaching of Situation and Policy in colleges and universities, such as the hegemonic inertia of teachers' teaching discourse, students' insufficient understanding of the importance of this course, and the lack of interactive atmosphere in school classrooms. At the same time, it also contains many advantages of teacher-student interaction. Based on the teaching practice, this paper puts forward the way to solve the problem.
Situation and Policy Section; Classroom interaction; path
There are still some problems in the course of situation and policy in colleges and universities, such as the hegemonic inertia of teachers' classroom discourse [1], teachers' monologues and students' aphasia in class. There are still some problems such as students' lack of understanding of the situation and policy course, weak classroom interaction atmosphere and limited classroom interaction. At the same time, the advantages of "building soul project", macro-problem advantages and the latest dynamic information of Situation and Policy course also provide the possibility for classroom interaction.
1. 1 The teacher's overbearing inertia has cooled the enthusiasm of students for classroom interaction. Because of the inertia instilled by traditional teaching methods, teachers are used to classroom monologues. Teachers' monologues cool students' enthusiasm for classroom discourse expression, inhibit students' innovative thinking and hinder classroom interaction between teachers and students. For this problem, colleges and universities have awakened in the teaching reform. However, in order to overcome the disadvantages of teachers' discourse hegemony formed by traditional indoctrination education, it is impossible to reform in one step. Investigate its reason:
1. 1. 1 Driven by the inertia force of traditional teaching methods, the self-control of teachers' discourse hegemony is insufficient. The advantages of traditional teaching methods can be reflected in a society with underdeveloped information. In the agricultural society where information is blocked, knowledge is only in the hands of a few people, and most people expect to change the situation of poor knowledge and have a strong thirst for knowledge. Because the knowledge-poor majority worships the knowledgeable minority, knowledge owners occupy the dominant position of knowledge monopoly and instill it in the audience with a condescending attitude. The talent and condescending mentality of monopoly intellectuals moisten teachers' discourse hegemony. Although the discourse hegemony in today's society is challenged by many media, decentralization of discourse, three-dimensional coverage of information and high-frequency impact of information, it has lost its absolute advantage; However, teachers are subject to the inertia force of traditional discourse hegemony, and their self-control is not enough to compete with the inertia force, so classroom discourse hegemony still exists.
1. 1.2 Teachers underestimate the level of college students and encourage their own discourse hegemony. Due to the diversified development of the media and the popularity of the Internet, there is abundant knowledge and information, which provides students with rich knowledge resources and shortcuts to absorb knowledge. Students' knowledge in some aspects may not be worse than that of teachers. Some teachers do not clearly understand the characteristics and advantages of students, and their attitudes are arrogant, which encourages their own classroom discourse hegemony. The hegemony of teachers' classroom discourse stifles students' independent thinking and individual expression, publicizes people's instrumental attributes, stifles people's spiritual attributes, leads students into the wrong path of just being a knowledge warehouse, freezes students' independent innovative thinking and spiritual construction in the classroom, and hinders the cultivation of innovative talents.
1. 1.3 Teachers' lack of innovation and conservative teaching inadvertently safeguard the hegemony of classroom discourse. In the absence of innovative thinking, teachers can't accurately and vividly transform the textbook system into a teaching system in a class, can't fully tap the potential information of textbooks, and can't closely link social practice with textbook theory, so they have to follow the traditional teaching methods and make photocopiers of textbooks. Classroom discourse hegemony is the software to maintain the textbook copier.
1.2 college students lack knowledge, and their classroom enthusiasm is cold. College students generally don't know enough about the function of the course of situation and policy, so they understand the function of the course of situation and policy with instrumental rationality that takes effect immediately. Situation is an objective reflection of the inherent law of human social development, and it is a study of social conditions, human survival conditions and development trends; Policy is a strategic arrangement made on the premise of making a scientific judgment on the current social situation and development trend. Therefore, the course of situation policy is to teach students to observe, analyze and make strategic decisions at the high end of society. It is an important course with great momentum, and it is also an important course to cultivate the overall ability. Therefore, teachers of Situation and Policy often ignore the importance of this course. Students can't get a correct understanding of the course, think that the course has no immediate effect, can't teach me what to do and do well at once, and have the idea that it is an extra burden for the course, which affects the course learning and classroom thinking and interaction.
1.3 The atmosphere of classroom interaction in colleges and universities is insufficient, which suppresses the classroom interaction in the course of situation and policy. The reasons for the lack of interactive atmosphere in colleges and universities;
1.3. 1 Some school leaders don't pay enough attention to it and don't realize that classroom teaching interaction has tangible benefits for improving teaching level, creating school spirit, teaching spirit and study style; Old thinking and traditional teaching methods are stagnant under the present situation of teachers' classroom monologues.
1.3.2 Teachers don't fully realize the positive role of classroom interactive teaching, and don't understand the learning passion, brainstorming and happy learning that classroom interaction brings to students; The sense of accomplishment, happiness and professional honor brought to teachers.
1.3.3 students still lack a strong sense of participation and have the idea of waiting for the teacher to instill them. Students have no preparation before class, no thinking during class, no reflection after class and no passivity. School? Promote to initiative? Study? .
1.3.4 The advanced nature of classroom interactive teaching method does not match the lag of teaching effect evaluation system, and the effect of classroom interactive teaching cannot be objectively reflected in the traditional examination mode, which leads to the distortion of classroom interactive teaching results in the traditional examination.
1.3.5 has not yet found an effective way of classroom interaction to form a high-quality course with exemplary significance. All these make it difficult for classroom interaction to form * * * knowledge, which makes it difficult for classroom interaction between situation and policy.
2. Advantages of classroom interaction in "Situation and Policy"
2. 1 The situation and policy course has the advantage of the main position of the soul casting project. First of all, the situation and policy course has the advantages of moral education. This course is an important part of ideological and political education and moral education. The Higher Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) defines the training objectives of colleges and universities. Make the educated become the builders and successors of the socialist cause with all-round development in morality, intelligence and physique? To train builders and successors, we should put morality first and take morality as the soul.
Secondly, the situation and policy course has the content advantage of casting soul project. Situation and Policy course studies international and domestic situations, domestic policies and other macro issues, involving social productive forces development view, people's creation history view, social system replacement view, people's interests view, seeking truth from facts view, policy life view and advancing with the times view [3]. The course of Situation and Policy is rich in content, which lays a good foundation for cultivating builders with the soul of scientific Marxism.
Third, from the central government to colleges and universities, we attach importance to the teaching of the course of situation and policy, and the Ministry of Education stipulates that the course of situation and policy is a compulsory course, emphasizing the subjective status consciousness of ideological and political education; All colleges and universities put the course of situation and policy on the important agenda, and school-level leaders directly grasp the teaching of ideological and political education theory courses.
2.2 Resource advantages of macro-problem research in Situation and Policy Course. The situation and policy course studies big space, big region and big events, involving the history, present and future of the whole world, countries and regions. The resources involved are three-dimensional space advantage, time axis advantage, human wisdom achievement advantage and human failure experience advantage. When the teacher teaches students the world pattern, it involves the major countries in the world, the national energy strategy, and then the underground resources development strategy, ocean strategy and space strategy. These problems involve the information of three-dimensional large space centered on the earth. When teachers teach the spirit of the party congress and interpret the spirit of the National People's Congress, they inevitably involve the development history of the party and even the development history of the country and nation. On the development time axis of the Chinese nation for 5,000 years, there are countless information resources for teachers to tap. The course of Situation and Policy is a big topic, which is the successful experience and failure lessons of the nation and even mankind. There are endless information resources for teachers to explore in the borderless three-dimensional space and the timeline with no beginning and no end. Therefore, the study of macro-issues in Situation and Policy has laid an advantage of information resources for classroom interaction.
2.3 Situation and Policy course has the advantage of quick information, which lays a vivid information advantage for classroom interaction.
The course of Situation and Policy studies recent major events at home and abroad, draws basic judgments from the study of major events that have occurred, points out problems and lessons in overall management and social operation, and puts forward countermeasures to prevent problems and lessons from happening or solve problems, which can be used as a reference in the process of establishing social management rules. The analysis and research on the latest problems provide fresh information for young students, which is in line with their psychology of seeking novelty and difference. It is easy to produce * * * vibration in students' knowledge system, and it is easy to enter their minds and hearts. The new * * * voice has a sense of identity and a desire to express, which has laid an advantage with teachers for the interaction between the situation and the policy course.
3. The path of classroom interaction in the course of situation and policy
To realize the good interaction between situation and policy classroom teaching, teachers should strive to combine grand narrative with daily trivial analysis, find the breakthrough point of butterfly effect in classroom teaching, interpret rational logic with perceptual life narrative, and embed key abstruse problems with popular analysis as the focus. At the same time, teachers should use passion to stimulate students' subconscious learning, and use video materials to cater to the characteristics of young people in the era of reading pictures to realize classroom interaction.
3. 1 Pay attention to the combination of grand narrative and daily trivial analysis in the teaching process. As we know, the situation and policy class discusses the major events that have happened at present. As big as the region, the country and even the world. World-class events can be described as grand, but grand narratives can easily pull away from small things. People are most concerned about daily trivia, and trivia around them and trivia related to their own interests are paid more attention. How to turn world-class events into small things that are closely related to everyone depends on the teacher's ability to interpret, extend and link. In the recent situation and policy course with the theme of studying and practicing Scientific Outlook on Development in our school, students are guided to combine the scientific development of the country with personal growth, the grand narrative of national development with students' current learning accomplishment, and enrich their scientific and cultural knowledge in a down-to-earth manner to contribute to the prosperity of the motherland, so as to achieve better interactive effects in classroom teaching.
Combining the grand narrative with the analysis of daily trivial matters, we must also explain the logical relationship between major events and trivial matters. Any great event is made up of countless trifles. Everyone does his own little things well, and the major events deployed by the country can be completed. We should also tell young students that every little thing should have the correct guiding ideology and cultivate themselves around the socialist core values.
3.2 Find the breakthrough point of butterfly effect in classroom teaching. In classroom teaching, the butterfly effect we expect is to fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm, participate in the absorption, thinking, digestion and language expression of curriculum knowledge through the transmission of a message or the cut-in of a topic, and form classroom interaction.
In the teaching process of Situation and Policy, teachers should be good at finding the breakthrough point that can cause butterfly effect, so that students can cause * * * in class and promote classroom teaching interaction. First of all, teachers should look for and discover? Butterfly? Ability. Teachers must learn to find a message that can attract students' attention from the rich curriculum information and enter the classroom interaction. Secondly, we should be good at? Butterfly? Introduce it. Even if the teacher finds the information that can cause the butterfly effect, it can't cause the interactive effect if it is introduced in an inappropriate way. The usual import methods are: suspense, asking questions, setting mistakes and correcting mistakes. Thirdly, teachers are required to have strong narrative power for events that can produce butterfly effect, so that the event description is logical, the language is tense and the language is attractive. Once students are involved in classroom interaction, they will forget time and troubles and gain the happiness of knowledge absorption.
3.3 Interpretation of rational logic with perceptual life narrative. Curriculum theory is interpreted by life narrative [4], which has the characteristics of popular theory, real events and penetrating soul. The content of life narrative can be selected: the growth narrative of ancient celebrities; The growth narrative of typical figures in modern Britain: the narrative of teachers' growth process; Narrative of students' growth. The growth process of celebrities and heroes in ancient and modern China has an example effect, an incentive effect and a frame of reference effect on today's students. Through the understanding of the growth process of heroes in ancient and modern times, we can stimulate students' desire to grow up and drive their actions with desire; Take ancient and modern heroes as examples, and take your own goals as the frame of reference for your growth goals. The interpretation of the growth process of teachers and students in our school can also provide students with a realistic success model, a possible reference goal and the most direct classroom discussion material. Classroom interaction is carried out under the traction of life narrative, which expands teaching resources and increases the amount of information and comprehensive knowledge absorbed by students.
3.4 Focus on popular analysis and embed key abstruse issues. The course of situation and policy has the characteristics of large topic, wide coverage and in-depth discussion, and often involves profound problems. If it involves the world energy strategy, it will inevitably come into contact with space energy, bioenergy and the energy stored in the earth, and it will inevitably come into contact with more profound theories, such as the universe, black holes and antimatter. The teacher's duty is to make profound problems simple, and guide students to understand profound problems with simple reasons on the premise of enriching students' knowledge. Use popular narration to explain uncommon problems, and use image thinking to interpret theoretical thinking problems. By embedding the interpretation of profound problems in popularization, we can extend knowledge from knowledge growth point, knowledge transformation point and knowledge coupling point in multiple dimensions, realize the innovation of classroom teaching knowledge, and then achieve the effect of knowledge exchange and interaction.
3.5 Teachers use the release of passion to stimulate students' subconscious learning. Passion is a strong reflection of emotion. Emotion has tool function, incentive function, organization function and means function. Teachers' emotions arouse or imply students' learning subconscious through organizational functions and means functions. The teacher's excitement has a strong appeal and inspiration, forming the teacher's charm. Without the teacher's passion, interaction is impossible. Therefore, teachers must fully brew and express their passion in class, so as to guide students to interact in course learning and understanding. To be passionate in the classroom, we must first have a lofty sense of mission in the course of situation and policy, and fully realize that teachers are engaged in the lofty project of educating people's souls. With a lofty sense of mission, the passion for teaching arises spontaneously; Secondly, the course information is deeply studied and internalized into a stream of consciousness, which can be randomly extracted and quickly poured in; Third, we should care about and fully care about students.
3.6 cater to the characteristics of young people in the era of video data reading and improve classroom interaction. We know that. Nowadays, college students are all born after 80. The growth process of young people born in 1980s is closely related to reading pictures. From kindergarten, students learn with images as the main information. In primary and secondary schools, video games, cartoons, computers and televisions are also essential. As a result, the image has become a knowledge cake for the post-80s generation and the raw milk for the post-80s generation to absorb cultural and technological raw materials. This initial way of learning is as deep-rooted as the mother tongue. Therefore, teachers must cater to the inertia of young students' learning style, give full play to the visual impact of images, thinking ability and the advantages of image information carrier, and enrich classroom teaching. Use multimedia and other plane and three-dimensional media as teaching carriers to arouse students' learning enthusiasm and introduce classroom interaction. Make full use of multimedia in classroom teaching, give full play to the advantages of reading pictures, guide students to watch images or video materials, organize students to combine and sort out the information conveyed by images or video materials, and conduct image moral analysis and image social background analysis with students.
4. Conclusion
On the one hand, due to the hegemonic inertia of teachers' classroom discourse in the course of situation and policy in colleges and universities, college students have insufficient understanding of the importance of the course of situation and policy, and the atmosphere of classroom interaction has not been generally formed in schools, which makes the classroom interaction of the course of situation and policy in colleges and universities still difficult. On the other hand, the course has the advantages of high status, wide course coverage, rich course resources, novel course information and attractive to students, which provides innovative conditions for course interaction. Driven by the sense of political responsibility, based on a solid theoretical foundation and supported by sufficient information, teachers should pay attention to the combination of grand narrative and daily trivial analysis in classroom teaching, find the breakthrough point of classroom butterfly effect, interpret rational logic with perceptual life narrative, embed key abstruse problems with popular analysis as the focus, release teachers' passion and draw students' learning subconscious, cater to the characteristics of young people in the era of picture reading with video materials, and realize effective interaction in classroom teaching. At the same time, in classroom interaction, teachers should also be prevented from blindly interacting, replacing teaching with interaction, deviating from the syllabus, and making students interact irresponsibly without a central topic.
References:
[1] Luo Shengquan, Jin Yule. Dissemination and communication of classroom culture: forms, principles and paths.
[J]。 Journal of Tianjin Academy of Educational Sciences No.4 P23-26, 2007
[2] Liu Yunshan. Textual research on "human soul engineer"
[J]。 Peking university education review, Beijing, 2006, Phase I, P 19-32.
[3] Professor Yongting Zheng, deputy director of the Steering Committee of Ideological and Political Theory Course in Colleges and Universities of the Ministry of Education, examined and approved the Introduction to the Situation and Policy compiled by the key research group of the Ministry of Education.
[M]。 Huazhong Normal University Press, August 2006.
[4] Jassamyn Liu. "From where? Life history? On teacher education from the perspective of ""
[J]。 Taiyuan Education Theory and Practice, Issue 3, 2006 P49-52
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