Surrounded by two mountains in the south of the city, Lvliang is narrow, which blocks the flood discharge. The water collects at the gate and keeps rising, so it cannot be discharged in time. The city is about to be washed away, and rich people are scrambling to escape from the city to avoid water.
Su Shi said: "If the rich leave the city, it will shake people's hearts. Then who am I guarding the city with? " As long as I am here, the water will never rush to the city. "Drive the rich back to the city.
Su Shi, wearing coarse cloth shoes and leaning on a wooden stick, went to Wu Weiying himself and said, "The river is about to rush into the city. It's urgent. Even the imperial army must do its best for me. " "It's time for us villains to wait on you, because the prefect still can't escape the flood," said the commander.
So he took all the people out of the city in short coats and bare feet with shovels, built a long embankment from the southeast, started the circus and arrived at the city gate. Because of the long dike, the water rises to the bottom of the long dike, which does not harm the city and the people are stable.
However, it rained day and night, and the water potential was even greater. The city still weighed six feet. Su Shi lives in the city and doesn't go in when he passes by the door, so officials can stay in different places.
Finally, he saved the city, reported the situation to his superiors, and requested to increase labor services next year and build wooden dikes in the old city to prevent floods from coming again. The court listened to his suggestion.
Afterwards, he was commended by letters, and Xuzhou people still miss him. The so-called "wooden dike" is to bundle the branches of trees, connect them together, put them on both sides of the riverbed, and nail them firmly with wooden stakes to make the width of the river even, increase the flow rate, scour the riverbed and reduce siltation.
Neihan (Hanlin) Su Wenzhong Gong (posthumous title), a famous poet, is the eldest son of Mr. Su Lao (Su Xun, the father of Su Shi).
2. Su Shi blocked the river and decided to control the water. Ha ha laughs me to death. As soon as your topic came out, someone on Baidu offered a reward for the translation of classical Chinese just now.
In July of the tenth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (A.D. 1077), the Yellow River burst in Caocun (now west of Puyang, Henan Province), flooded, "Shui Bo flooded, South Qinghe overflowed", and took the company into the Huaihe River. The situation was like "leaving a flat suburb to escape and flooding Xuzhou overnight", which soon surrounded Xuzhou City. The highest water level is higher than the flat land in the city. "Water boomed through the city gate, and mud rained all over the city. No one asked about Huanghua wine and came back to wash boots and socks at dusk. " People in the city were frightened, and many wealthy businessmen, dajia, rushed to flee. Su Shi, who had just been in office for three months at that time, was very calm and shouted: "I am here, and water must not defeat the city!" It means "coexist with the city", which settled people's hearts in time. Under the pressure of flood, the ancient city wall leaks everywhere. He organized the whole city to block the cave with firewood and strengthen the city defense at the same time. Due to lack of manpower, he waded through the mud all night and arrived at the Wuweiying military camp. The imperial army is under the direct command of the emperor, and the state officials have no right to ask. His words were sincere, and he asked the commander to cooperate. Touched by Su Shi's spirit, the pawn immediately replied, "I'm too cautious to doodle, our little man, so I have to work." I am anxious for the foot soldiers to follow the prefect and build the city with cups. The flood outside the city is as deep as 28 feet. Su Shi took the lead, "staying at home", sticking to the city head and sleeping in the wind. He also ordered other "officials to defend separately" and take responsibility for each other. The soldiers and civilians saw the officers working so hard to protect the city, and they also joined forces with Qi Xin to fight the flood bravely. "Because the attached city in the city is a long embankment, its toes are very strong, 980 feet long, 10 feet high and 10 feet wide; Hundreds of public and private boats dare not take the wind and waves and kill the river across the city. " After more than 70 days and nights of continuous fighting, Xuzhou City was finally saved. After the water receded, Su Shi immediately rushed to the northeast of Xuzhou City to investigate the ditch river under Jingshan Mountain and try his best to plan reconstruction. And planned to build a stone wall levee, but it was not approved by the court. After approval, only one wooden dam was built. In the second year, the dangerous Overlord Hall on the circus was demolished, and the flood control project of Huangjia was built on the east wall of the city with its wood. I soon got the Imperial Medal.
"After five hundred years of business, there is endless water and endless gratitude." During the 540-odd years from this flood fighting to the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1624), Xuzhou was always safe and sound with a long dike as a barrier, despite the constant floods. Later generations cherish the memory of Su Shi's achievements in controlling water and protecting the city, so they call the long dike he led the army and civilians to build "Su Causeway".
Su Shi also served as the local governor of Hangzhou twice, "living in Hangzhou for five years." At one time, Zaixi was appointed as the chief judge of Hangzhou in the fourth year of Ning (A.D. 107 1 year) (note: the official name of the chief judge, the deputy governor of the state government, has the right to supervise the officials of the state government, as well as all documents such as civil affairs, finance, household registration, taxation and justice. It must be notified to the state or magistrate and the ordinary judge department to take effect. ), another time in Yuan You for four years (A.D. 1089), he served as the governor of Hangzhou. During his tenure, he presided over the water conservancy construction in Hangzhou for many times. "Sit on Chen Sance's own plan, but leave a promise to wait for me to draw." The poem describes four things he did in Hangzhou: restoring six wells, dredging the Maoshan River and Yanqiao River, renovating the West Lake and opening the Shimen of Qiantang River. The first three items were completed, and the fourth item could not be implemented because of the transfer.
Repair 6 wells to solve the water problem of Hangzhou residents. Hangzhou, founded in the Sui Dynasty, is the end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. However, because it is close to the sea, "its water is bitter and evil", which brings great inconvenience to people's life and urban development. Tang Daizong Dali period (AD 766? In 79, Li Mi, the secretariat of Hangzhou, dug six wells (six wells: Xiaofangjing, Baiguichi, Fang Jing, Jinniuchi, Guo Xiang Well and Xijing), all of which lived along the West Lake in Hangzhou. )。 "Dongping thought that the concave pool, taking the West Lake and injecting it, made the well also. Its advantages are great, its cost is high, and its benefits are also very rich. " These wells, which are underground reservoirs of different sizes, take water from the West Lake and inject it through underground pipelines. In the second year of Changqing in Tang Mu Song Dynasty (AD 822), Bai Juyi, a great poet, was appointed as the secretariat of six wells, and the people relied heavily on him. Song Renzong time (a.d. 1023? In 063), Shen Li was appointed magistrate, and six wells were dredged, and Shen Gongjing was added. When Su Shi was sentenced to Hangzhou, Shen Gongjing could no longer be used. "six wells is almost useless", and the citizens complained bitterly. Therefore, Su Shi and Sean, the magistrate, who were concerned about the sufferings of the people, organized citizens to renovate six wells and finally solved the drinking water problem in the city. The following year, there was a drought in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and water was as expensive as oil. Hangzhou citizens, on the other hand, were spared from the long drought and lack of water, and the whole city "pumped water to read Buddha", feeling that Su Shi had done a great good deed. 15 years later, when he came to Hangzhou as a magistrate for the second time, he found that bamboo pipes needed to be replaced frequently and were not easy to maintain, which led to the shortage of well water and high water price. So he replaced all the bamboo pipes for water diversion with tile pipes, wrapped them in stone troughs, and made the bottom cover very thick. If you are careful, water is enough, and there will never be any bad reason. At the same time, new wells have been opened to expand the scope of water supply, making the West Lake almost full of water.
Maoshan River and Yanqiao River are two big rivers in Hangzhou, connecting the North-South Grand Canal and the Qiantang River in the north. Due to the mixing of river water and river water, it has been changed from Tianxi (AD 10 17? Since 02 1), a large amount of sediment carried by river tides often flows backward into Hanoi, affecting the dense residential areas in the city. "There are private houses in the corridor of the house, and the garden is deserted. It is an example in the hills." Dredging every three to five years not only hinders shipping, but also wastes manpower and material resources. "Residents are bored to death." Moreover, a few years ago, the silt dug out of Xunhe River was washed into the river after the rainstorm, which made Caohe River fall again. Su Shi "led many officials to personally inspect" and learned that the siltation of the two rivers lies in the waste of the weir gate. So he decisively mobilized 1000 people to defend Jiang Bing and Xiang Jun, and spent half a year repairing two rivers in the city. Then, he organized the military and civilians to build sluice gates in series on the tributaries of the two rivers, so that the tide of the river would enter the Maoshan River first, and then the sluice gate would be opened to let the clear water enter the Yanqiao River to ensure that the main channel in the city would not be blocked. Maoshan River is dredged regularly, which acts as a grit chamber. From then on, "the river tide no longer enters the market", which avoids the harm of sediment deposition. In addition, a weir was set up in Yongjinmen to draw water from the West Lake, which scientifically improved the water conservancy system in Hangzhou.
Today, the West Lake is known as "paradise on earth", which is also inseparable from Su Shi's transformation.
3. Full-text translation of Su Shichuan Full-text translation of Su Shichuan When Su Shi was ten years old, his father Su Xun traveled to four places to study, and his mother Cheng personally taught him to study.
Listening to the stories of success and failure in ancient and modern times, Su Shi can immediately tell their main points. Shi Cheng read the Biography of Fan Pang in the Eastern Han Dynasty and sighed.
Su Shi asked: If I were Fan Pang, would my mother agree? Shi Cheng said: You can be Fan Pang, but I can't be Fan Pang's mother? By the age of twenty (coronation age), Su Shi was already very proficient in classics and historical records. Su Shi (went to Xuzhou to take office), a flood burst its banks and flooded Cao Cun. If it overflows on the water margin, it will overflow the South Qinghe River.
Water gathers at the gate of the city, and the rising water will leak into the city from time to time, and the city will be destroyed, and the rich will rush to escape from the city to avoid water. Su Shi said: The rich all leave the city, which shakes people's hearts. Then who will I defend this city with? As long as I am here, water will never rush into the city.
Pushing the people back to the city, Su Shi went to Wuwei camp, called the commander-in-chief out and said, The river is about to rush into the city, which is urgent. Even the Royal Guards will do their best for me. The commander said: If the prefect doesn't escape, we villains will certainly serve you.
So he led the people out of the city with cups, built a long embankment from the southeast and started the circus until the city gate. It rained all day and all night, but the city didn't sink.
Su Shi lived on it, but he didn't go in when he passed by the door, leaving officials to guard in various places, and the soldiers all went out of the city. He made a wooden embankment in case the flood came again, and the court appreciated him very much.
Su Shi passed by Jinling (now Nanjing) and met with Wang Anshi. He said, "Daxing War and severe punishment are signs of the demise of Han and Tang Dynasties. The ancestors ruled the world with kindness and are planning to reform these things.
Now the west is at war, and there has been no truce for many years. There have been many serious crimes in the southeast. Won't you say a word to solve this situation? "Wang Anshi said," these two things are caused by Lv Huiqing. I am not an official of North Korea. How dare I speak? "Su Shi said:" If you are a court official, you will say it, and if you are not a court official, you will not say it. This is common sense to serve the emperor. The emperor doesn't treat you according to general etiquette. How can you treat the emperor with general etiquette? " Wang Anshi said loudly, "Then I have to make a suggestion. "
He added: "Today, these words came from my heart and were heard in your ears (meaning to keep a secret)." He also said: "People must understand that every incorrect act, every executed person is not innocent until everyone in the world does not do it."
Su Shi joked: "Now officials are trying to reduce the running-in period of half a year (equivalent to running-in period and probation period), even if it is murder." Wang Anshi smiled and made no answer.
Su Shi often shuts himself up in imperial academy and spends the night in the palace. He was called into the palace, where he met the emperor. Queen Ren Xuan asked him, "What were you doing the year before last?" Su Shi replied: "I was the deputy ambassador of Changzhou Yong Lian." The queen mother asked again, "What are you doing now?"
Su Shi replied: "I am now a bachelor of Hanlin who is waiting for sin." The queen mother asked again, "Do you know why this happened suddenly?" Su Shi replied, "Because I met the Lord, the Empress Dowager and the Emperor."
The queen mother said, "That's not true." Su Shi added: "Is it recommended by the ministers?" The queen mother said, "Not really."
Su Shi said in panic: "Although I have no talent, I really dare not use improper means to get promoted." The queen mother said, "This is what my late emperor meant.
Every time the first emperor read your article, he must admire and say,' wizard, wizard!' But I haven't had time to promote you. "Su Shi unconsciously burst into tears, followed by Ren Xuan and Song Zhezong, and all the people who followed were moved to tears.
Then he gave him tea, took off the golden lotus candle lamp in front of the emperor and sent him back to the Imperial Academy. Extended information 1, original biography of Su Shi: (Su Shi) moved to Xuzhou.
The river decides Cao Zhai, floods the water margin, overflows the South Qinghe River, and meets at the city gate. Cities rise and fall, and the rich try their best to avoid water. Shi said, "If the people waver, who will keep it?" ? I am here, and water can never defeat the city. "
Drive back. Shi said that the governor of Wu said, "The river will invade the city without delay. Although you are forbidden to join the army, do your best for me. "
The commander of the pawn said, "I am cautious, and I can't avoid doodling, so I am my servant." He took his apprentice out with a cup of rice, built the southeast causeway, opened the circus first, and finally went to town.
It rains day and night, and the city is not heavy. Shilu lived on it, but not at home, so that officials blocked it and died in his own city.
2. Brief introduction of Su Shi: Su Shi, Zi Zizhan,no. Dongpo lay man. Meizhou (now Meishan City, Sichuan Province) was a famous writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
His father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are both famous writers in ancient times, and they are called "Su San" in the world.
Jia You is a scholar, Ren Fengxiang signed a sentence, advocating the reform of graft. Zongshen opposed the political reform, but in Mizhou and Xuzhou, he fought floods and destroyed locusts, helped the poor and saved the orphans, and made many achievements.
Later, he demoted Huangzhou by "slandering the imperial court". Zhezong was a bachelor of Hanlin at that time and knew Hangzhou, Ying, Yang and Ding.
Huizong was pardoned for the first time. Poetry, ci and prose all represent the highest achievements of Northern Song literature.
Su Shi's poems mostly express the feelings of bumpy career, but also reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and expose the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially in metaphor.
Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Su Shi's ci has a wide range of themes, such as remembering the past, giving a reply, seeing off and reasoning, which also breaks through the strict rhythm and promotes the development of ci.
His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Wang Yang's argumentative essay in Su Shi's prose is arbitrary and the narrative structure is rigorous and clear. For example, The Collection of Shi Zhongshan and The Collection of He Fangting are all works with the same fame as The Fu on the Red Wall and The Fu on the Later Red Wall.
Also known as "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating in statutes and putting wonderful reasons outside the bold".
After joining the promotion, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan went out. Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.
The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Thank the Teacher's Paper and several essays in Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The surviving paintings are "Ancient Wood and Strange Stone"; The Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Scroll discovered in recent years is also his work.
Poems include "Seven Chapters of Dongpo" and ci.
4. Why did Su Shi become a great writer in this essay? Su Shi said to disciple Wang Gu in his later years, "Every time I read a classic, I copy it from beginning to end."
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, his friend Zhu Zaixiang went up to see him. Zhu Zaizai waited in the living room for a long time before Su Shi came out. He said, "I was doing my daily homework just now. I didn't realize you were here." Zhu asked again, "What is your homework every day?" Su Shi said, "Copy the Chinese book." Zhu Zaizai was surprised and asked, "Do you still need to copy books?" Su Shi replied: "This is the third time that I copied Hanshu. I copied three words at first, then two words at a time, and now I copy one word at a time. " Zhu Zi said, "Can you show me the book you copied?" Su Shi took out a book and handed it to him. Zhu zai can't understand. Su Shi said, "Please say a word." Zhu Zi picked a word at random, and Su Dongpo immediately recited hundreds of words in the corresponding place in Hanshu without any mistakes.
At this level, not a writer?
5. Reading answers to Mr. Dongpo's epitaph 1. The explanations of the words added in the following sentences are incorrect.
A. treat a book as a Japanese genus: instruct
B: It can be compared with Zhong Ruling Kang.
C. Worrying about water again: expectation
D. However, I don't think I hate it: regret.
2. Among the following sentences, Su Shi's affectionate sentence is
(1) There are hundreds of business schools, and the Buddhist monk Huilin (2) Sven has fallen, and later generations admire him.
(3) Often because of the convenience of the law, the people rely on less security (4) and go, still called a bachelor, not a surname.
(5) the officer was blocked and died in the city, and was praised. So far, Xu's people have thought about it.
A.①②③ B.②③⑤ c.①④⑥ D.④⑤⑥
3. The following summary and analysis of the relevant contents of the original text is incorrect.
A. su Shi is outstanding in talent. When he was young, he could always explain the key to success or failure in ancient and modern times. He took part in the imperial examination and wrote an article about the national criminal reward, which was deeply appreciated by Ouyang Xiu and Mei.
B. su Shi governs officials according to law. The officials who received the North Korean emissary were arrogant and did not obey the etiquette. Su Shi sent a reprimand and reported the matter to the court. These officials are bound by fear.
C. su Shi is dedicated to the people. The flood will wash away Xuzhou city, and he is short of hands. He personally went to Wuwei camp to ask the imperial army to help fight the flood. The river is skyrocketing and the situation is critical. He clung to the head of the city and forgot to be private.
D. Su Shi is virtuous. He praises the good deeds of good people, rebukes evil deeds and distinguishes between love and hate. When you encounter something just, do it bravely, without considering the harm. Su Zhe called it the virtue of ancient sages.
4. Translate underlined sentences into modern Chinese.
(1) Obituaries spread all over the country, and people who are neither wise nor stupid cried.
(2) Wen Zhong was overjoyed and thought he was a stranger, so he wanted to propose a toast.
(3) Today, Nair is violent. If you don't guide him, he is wrong.
1. Analysis (Prevention)
2.c analysis (excluding ③ ⑤)
3.b analysis ("beating the imperial court" is a measure to be taken)
4.( 1) The news of death spread all over the country, no matter the sage or the fool. Everyone sighs and cries.
② Ouyang Xiu was overjoyed. He thinks he is a genius and intends to take him as the first among many scholars.
(3) Now (the North Korean emissary) is so indulgent, if you hadn't induced them, they wouldn't have come this far.