Metal composite material is the most common material in our life. It mainly uses composite technology to metallurgically combine several metals with different chemical and mechanical properties at the interface to form composite materials with better non-properties. It greatly improves the performance of a single metal. For example, metal composites have excellent thermal expansion, strength, fracture toughness, impact toughness, wear resistance, electrical properties and magnetic properties. However, few people know about metal composites, so the next small series will tell you about metal composites.

What kinds of metal composite materials are there?

Metal composite material refers to a composite material formed by metallurgical bonding of various metals with different chemical and mechanical properties at the interface, which greatly improves the thermal expansion, strength, fracture toughness, impact toughness, wear resistance, electrical properties, magnetic properties and other properties of a single metal material, so it is widely used in products, such as petroleum, chemical industry, shipbuilding, metallurgy, mining, machinery manufacturing, electric power, water conservancy and so on.

Classification by matrix:

(1) aluminum matrix composites

(2) Nickel-based composite tree

(3) Titanium matrix composites

Classification by reinforcement

(1) particle reinforced composites

(2) Layered composite materials

(3) Fiber reinforced composites

Performance characteristics of metal matrix composites

(1) high specific strength and high specific modulus

The specific strength and specific modulus of composites, especially high-performance continuous fibers, can be obviously improved by adding a proper amount of reinforcements such as fibers, whiskers and particles with high strength, high modulus and low density into the metal matrix. If the density is only 1.85? The maximum strength of carbon fiber with g/cm3 can reach 7? 000? MPa is 10 times higher than aluminum alloy, and the highest modulus of graphite fiber can reach 900? The density of GPa, boron fiber and silicon carbide fiber is 2.5 ~ 3.4? G/cm3, strength of 3? 000—4? 500? MPa, modulus 350-450? Average grade point average. Adding 30%-50% high-performance fiber as the main carrier of the composite, the specific strength and specific modulus of the composite are doubled compared with the matrix alloy. Components made of composite materials with high specific strength and high specific modulus are light in weight, good in rigidity, high in strength and long in range, which is an ideal choice in the field of aviation technology.

(2) Good thermal conductivity

The metal matrix in metal matrix composites occupies a high volume fraction, generally above 60%, so it still maintains the unique good thermal and electrical conductivity of metals. Good thermal conductivity can effectively transfer heat, reduce the temperature gradient after heating, and quickly dissipate heat, which is especially important for electronic components with high dimensional stability and high integration, and can also prevent electrostatic accumulation of aircraft components.

The thermal conductivity of metal matrix composites can be further improved by using reinforcements with high thermal conductivity, which makes the thermal conductivity of composites higher than that of pure metal matrix. In order to solve the heat dissipation problem of highly integrated electronic devices, ultra-high modulus graphite fibers, diamond fibers and diamond particles reinforced aluminum-based and copper-based composites have higher thermal conductivity than pure aluminum and pure copper. The integrated circuit backplane and package made of it can effectively and quickly dissipate heat, which improves the reliability of integrated circuits.

(3) The linear expansion coefficient is small and the dimensional stability is good.

The reinforcement used in metal matrix composites has a small linear expansion coefficient and a high elastic modulus, especially the ultra-high modulus graphite fiber has a negative linear expansion coefficient. Adding a considerable amount of reinforcement can not only greatly improve the strength and modulus of the material, but also significantly reduce the linear expansion coefficient. Different linear expansion coefficients can be obtained by adjusting the content of reinforcement to meet the requirements of various working conditions. For example, graphite fiber reinforced magnesium matrix composites, when the graphite fiber content reaches 48%, the linear expansion coefficient of the composites is zero, that is, the composites do not undergo thermal deformation when the temperature changes, which is particularly important for satellite components.

Metal composite material is a new metal material made of several metals with different chemical and physical properties by metallurgical technology. It has excellent strength, toughness and expansibility, so metal composite materials are used in many fields. For example, metal composite materials are used in petroleum industry, chemical industry, shipbuilding industry, metallurgical industry, mining industry, machinery manufacturing industry, electric power industry, water conservancy industry, transportation industry, environmental protection industry, pressure vessel manufacturing industry, food industry, wine-making industry, pharmaceutical industry and so on.

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