Keywords: enterprise accounts receivable management
First, the main contents of enterprise accounts receivable management
Appropriate accounts receivable can increase the income of enterprises. At the same time, the existence of management cost, opportunity cost and bad debt loss cost also makes enterprises bear certain risks, which in turn leads to ineffective capital turnover and ultimately affects the survival and development of enterprises. Enterprise accounts receivable management mainly includes sales receivables, installment receivables, bills receivable and other receivables management. Sales accounts receivable are customer debts formed by enterprises using commercial credit, which are the main components of enterprise accounts receivable and the main targets of credit management departments. Installment accounts receivable are usually formed when commercial enterprises use credit to sell durable goods, and are collected from customers regularly by banks or sellers providing credit. With the maturity of the market and fierce competition, the management of installment accounts receivable will become more and more important. Bills receivable are bills issued by the payer and accepted by the payer's bank when an enterprise sells products or provides services. It is a relatively standardized instrument of bill credit and has more legal effect. Other receivables generally refer to advances or temporary payments made for reasons other than the production and operation of enterprises. The management of accounts receivable by the enterprise reputation management department includes all accounts receivable arising from the sale of goods, but does not include the management of other accounts receivable.
Second, the problems existing in enterprise accounts receivable management
(A) the enterprise credit management system needs to be improved
Most enterprises do not set up independent credit management institutions, but generally set up credit management departments under the leadership of sales departments or financial departments. However, the management of the credit management department is chaotic, and the accounts receivable of many enterprises are managed by the sales department or the sales staff themselves, which will inevitably lead to the failure of accounts receivable management. Enterprises have not formulated a scientific and reasonable credit management system, and there is no systematic and standardized accounts receivable management. In addition, the quality of credit managers is generally low, they don't investigate the credit status of customers before sales, and the long-term outstanding accounts receivable after sales are ignored, which leads to increasing business risks.
(B) The enterprise's analysis of accounts receivable is not timely and sufficient.
Under normal circumstances, enterprises should pay attention to the recovery of accounts receivable and use aging analysis to avoid bad debts and bad debts. But in fact, most enterprises don't strictly follow the aging analysis method, and don't pay attention to the analysis of accounts receivable, which is not timely. Especially for overdue but unrecovered funds, accounts receivable managers can delay without analyzing the reasons and taking active and effective measures to recover them, which makes the possibility of recovering these funds decline year by year and eventually leads to bad debt losses.
(3) Enterprises have a weak awareness of using laws to protect their rights.
With the continuous improvement of China's legal system construction, it is particularly important for enterprises to use legal means to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. At present, the management of enterprises lacks legal knowledge and awareness of rights protection. In the face of overdue accounts receivable of enterprises, people are usually sent to negotiate. After many unsuccessful negotiations, I can only give up and don't know how to use legal weapons to recover the arrears of accounts receivable. In the process of continuous recovery, they lost the best opportunity to use the law to protect their rights, and eventually caused losses to enterprises.
(D) lack of innovation in the management methods of enterprise accounts receivable
Many enterprises have little research on the management methods of accounts receivable, and most of them still follow the traditional management mode of accounts receivable, that is, the financial department is responsible for the daily management of accounts receivable, and the management methods of accounts receivable lack innovation. Because the main responsibility of the financial department is not to recover debts, it only manages accounts receivable as ordinary assets, and fails to learn from international advanced management methods and innovate accounts receivable management mode according to its own situation. Even if a lot of financial and human resources are spent, the recovery of overdue accounts receivable has not achieved the ideal effect.
Third, measures to strengthen enterprise accounts receivable management
(A) to strengthen the prior control of accounts receivable.
First, establish an independent credit management department, and at the same time learn from foreign advanced management experience and models, and arrange special credit managers to be responsible for the management of accounts receivable. The second is to establish a customer's credit file. Before selling goods, salespeople should pay attention to the credit status of customers, judge their solvency according to their operating conditions, and report to the credit management department. A special person is responsible for establishing customer credit files and dynamically updating file data according to customer performance. The third is to establish and improve the enterprise credit management system. Establish enterprise credit standards and credit conditions. Only customers who meet certain standards and conditions can be allowed to buy on credit within a reasonable amount. Standardize the collection process of enterprises and adopt active collection policies. The fourth is to strengthen the performance guarantee, especially when selling to new customers. The management of accounts receivable can be strengthened by means of guarantee, mortgage, pledge and deposit.
(2) Strengthen the control of accounts receivable.
Process control is the supervision and management of customers in the process of handling credit sales procedures, which is conducive to the recovery of accounts receivable in the next stage. In order to establish and improve the enterprise credit information system, a "Purchase Credit Sheet" can be compiled, which includes information such as the purchasing unit, legal representative, bank and account number, credit amount, credit period, guarantee and person in charge, and the manager, credit management department, customer and person in charge each hold one copy. If the customer needs an extension, he should apply to the Credit Management Department and reply after examination and verification. In addition, we should attach importance to and strengthen contract management. The whole process from sales to payment is the process of contract drafting, signing, effectiveness and termination. In particular, some changes that are unfavorable to the enterprise should be supplemented, modified or terminated in time.
(3) Strengthen the post-event control of accounts receivable.
First of all, we should do a good job in dynamic tracking and management of accounts receivable. Different collection policies should be adopted for different types of accounts receivable: for overdue funds within the credit period, we should communicate with customers in advance to urge customers to repay in advance or try our best to ensure customers to repay on time; For the money that has exceeded the credit period but has not been received, it is necessary to re-investigate the credit status of customers and step up the collection. If it is a malicious breach of contract, it must be resolved through legal channels. Secondly, improve the accounts receivable collection system and establish accounts receivable factoring business. It is necessary to properly keep the bills related to customers, choose reasonable collection methods and procedures, or entrust professional institutions to collect accounts. Factoring business can also be established to sell accounts receivable to banks at a certain discount, thus accelerating the capital turnover of enterprises and alleviating the capital turnover pressure of enterprises.
References:
[1] Wei Yu Wang Ting. Risk prevention and management of accounts receivable in health enterprises. Journal of dalian nationalities university. 2007.02: 33-35。
[2] Li Enzhu. Risk prevention of enterprise accounts receivable. Finance and accounting research.
[3] Zhang Shiyan. Strengthening the management of accounts receivable and preventing the risks of accounts receivable. China's business circle.