Current location - Education and Training Encyclopedia - Graduation thesis - Details of Xu zhimo?
Details of Xu zhimo?
Xu zhimo (1897- 193 1) Xu zhimo (1897.1.15 ~1931. Xu Zhimo is Jin Yong's cousin. Formerly known as Zhang Yi, it was renamed Zhimo when studying in the United States. Used pen names: Nanhu, Shi Zhecun, Gu,,, Xianhe, Delete Me, Xinshou, Huanggou, Huan, etc. Xu Zhimo is a representative poet of Crescent School and a member of Crescent Poetry Society. 19 15 graduated from Hangzhou No.1 Middle School and studied in Shanghai Hujiang University, Tianjin Beiyang University and Peking University successively. 19 18 went to the United States to study banking. 192 1 year went to study in Britain and joined Cambridge university as a special student to study political economy. My two years in Cambridge were deeply influenced by western education and romantic and aesthetic poets in Europe and America.

Literary career Cambridge (Cambridge) moonlight

Zhimo's poems

A night of cold jade

Tiger and cloud tour

Prose "Running Wild Horse"

Fiction, drama and translation

"New Moon" activity

Achievement of works

Marital feelings

With Zhang Youyi and Lin.

With Lu Xiaoman.

Correlation evaluation

Xu zhimo's tomb

Xu Zhimo —— A Hot Spot in Cultural Circles

Marriage discourse record

Wonderful language collection

Farewell to Cambridge poetry anthology

Shian Nora-One of the Eighteen Songs of Japanese Girls

once in a while

Emerald night

Related Literary Career Cambridge Moonlight

Zhimo's poems

A night of cold jade

Tiger and cloud tour

Prose "Running Wild Horse"

Fiction, drama and translation

"New Moon" activity

Achievement of works

Marital feelings

With Zhang Youyi and Lin.

With Lu Xiaoman.

Correlation evaluation

Xu zhimo's tomb

Xu Zhimo —— A Hot Spot in Cultural Circles

Marriage discourse record

Wonderful language and poetry collection

Farewell to Sianna, Cambridge —— One of the 18 works of literature presented to Japanese girls on an accidental cold night.

Literary career

Cambridge (Cambridge) Moonlight

Xu Zhimo and his poems have no family background or personal hobbies. However, during his study in Cambridge University, England, he was uncharacteristically writing more than once, which led to the outbreak of his poetry creation. Although he wrote so many poems during this period, only twenty or thirty poems are scattered in some newspapers and magazines, and most of them have been lost. However, from the limited poems we can still see, we can also get a glimpse of Xu Zhimo's early poems and his thoughts. At this time, why did Xu Zhimo write poems like he was possessed? How did he write poetry in generate? First of all, it has something to do with his living environment at that time. It was the Cambridge environment in which he lived that aroused his interest in poetry and ignited his desire for creation. He said, "I'm really happy in Cambridge. I'm afraid I'll never get such a sweet baptism again in my life." Smoking and culture. So during this period, he created such works as Summer and Summer Field. Secondly, at this time, his personal life "shines with strange moonlight". In the autumn of 192 1, he met the forest of "beautiful women" and "talented women". Xu Zhimo had a close relationship with her, and then talked about love and marriage. Therefore, Xu Zhimo filed for divorce with Zhang Youyi in March 1922, arguing that the two should not continue their married life without love and freedom. Free divorce, stopping suffering and foretelling happiness are Xu Zhimo's simple idealism. He is pursuing an ideal life. He feels that life seems to be "shocked by great power", he wants to express, he wants to sing. Therefore, love and love are represented as Love Dead, Listening to the Piano on a Moonlit Night, Miscellaneous Notes on Youth and Spring Breeze Breaking the Dream of Spring. In addition, he tends to write in different languages, because he is exposed to a lot of English literature and art, and the works of Byron, Shelley, Keats and Hardy fascinate him. He blew this "strange wind"-the European wind, and he followed their path, so with the help of poetry, his thoughts and feelings were "strange". Therefore, Xu Zhimo especially misses this period of life in Cambridge, England. He is full of excitement and excitement. He wrote many poems, and his poetic situation is reflected in his long poem Dew on the Grass. This is his earliest poem that we have seen so far. This poem not only expresses his ambition and interest at that time, but also vividly conveys the turbulent state of his poetry. He opened the fountain of creation and sang with his throat. Therefore, he will become a poet. On the whole, these early poems are fresh in tone and lofty in artistic conception, which embodies "the call of youth and the bright hope" (Xu Zhimo: spring). At the same time, we began to explore the form of new poetry from many aspects. Poetry has various forms, but it has not yet been finalized. There are free poems, new metrical poems, western poems and even poems without punctuation. However, they emphasize the symmetry and neatness of rhyme, rhythm and format, and demand "smooth and pleasant tone and light and soft form", which is the consistent pursuit of Xu Zhimo's poems. Life in Cambridge, England, of course fascinated him, but his nostalgia and nostalgia haunted him, so he left Europe on August 1922 and set off for home. On the way home, I stopped in Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan for two months, and arrived in Shanghai on June 65438+1October 65438+May. After returning to China, Xu Zhimo started another life. The disturbance of the real society disturbs his inner balance, and sometimes he feels mentally bored and anxious. So he told his feelings and experiences and started his literary career.

Zhimo's poems

1922 After Xu Zhimo returned to China in the autumn, his poems continued to be written and published in various magazines. Poems of Zhimo is the first book of poems compiled by Xu Zhimo himself, most of which are works from 1922 to 1924. The publication of this collection of poems made him famous. In this collection of poems, we can see Xu Zhimo's life and thoughts in the early days of returning to China, as well as his "feelings beyond words". Roughly: expressing ideals and expressing love; Expose social darkness and express sympathy for working people; Explore the philosophy of life; And lyricism about the scenery. He is full of Cambridge-style life ideals in England and hopes to realize his idealism in China. The Happiness of Snowflakes is the first collection of poems by Xu Zhimo, which can be regarded as one of the representative works of Xu Zhimo's early poems. The author described the beautiful image of snowflake, and vividly wrote the happiness of snowflake with handsome writing. This poem has a brisk rhythm, clear tone and beautiful artistic conception. Others are looking for stars, this is a cowardly world, I have love, baby, thank you! My heart fluttered again, and other articles, like the happiness of snowflakes, expressed the author's pursuit of ideals. They are not only lyric poems, but also love poems, which show the longing for freedom of life and love. Demanding freedom of life and love is the content of his idealism, so the two are often inseparable. However, there is a distance and irreconcilable contradiction between his idealism and China's social reality. His love with Lin was shattered, and his ideal life and ideal society could not be realized, which made him depressed and demoralized. Therefore, these poems are also shrouded in a sad atmosphere to varying degrees and become "a torrent of irrelevant depression and anger" (Mao Dun: on Xu Zhimo). This negative and pessimistic mood is more obvious in those short poems, such as News, A Weak Star, Ask Who and so on. 1924 In April, the Indian poet Tagore came to China, which had a certain influence on Xu Zhimo's life and creation. He established a friendship with Tagore, who named him Susima. At the end of May, Tagore left Shanghai for Japan, and Xu Zhimo went with him. The poem "Poem Nala on the Shore" in the Collection of Shima Poems was written by him during his stay in Japan. Xu Zhimo is good at lyric poetry and likes to write philosophical poems like Tagore. Some of Zhimo's poems describe the disparity between the rich and the poor and the miserable life of the poor. Although the number of such poems is small, their contents are relatively substantial, which reflects a certain aspect of social real life and has certain social significance. There are also some lyric poems about scenery in Zhimo's poems, such as cars in Shanghai and Hangzhou. Generally speaking, this book of poems is not life-oriented, its content is not profound enough, and its thoughts and feelings are not all so positive and healthy. However, judging from its performance skills, "almost all of them are systematic inputs and experiments" (Chen Xiying: Ten Works Since the New Literature Movement). There are various forms of poetry, including long poems, short sentences, free poems and prose poems, and more of them are experiments with western poetic styles. This period is the experimental period of Xu Zhimo's poetic style and the tempering period of his poetic skills. Through exploration and experiment, he showed the poet's talent and unique poetic style. Xu Zhimo pays great attention to artistic conception when writing poems. Most of his poems in the Collection of Poems of Zhimo have formed their own artistic realm, such as Happiness of Snowflakes. The author combines the subjective feeling of pursuing the ideal with the objective natural scenery, thus turning the real scenery into a virtual scene and creating a beautiful artistic realm. In addition, his poems are vivid and emotional, which is due to his rich imagination. His imagination and figurative power are not only unique, but also can turn seemingly abstract things into vivid, tangible and visible concrete images, such as Poison, White Flag and Baby, three prose poems containing philosophy. He also used his artistic imagination to describe things through this special sensibility. Zhimo's poetry has its own characteristics, its success and its shortcomings. Regardless of the content, as far as the form of expression is concerned, some poems are rough and artificial, the rhyme is irregular, and the skills of poetry are not very mature.

A night of cold jade

One Night Green is Xu Zhimo's second collection of poems and his 1925 to 1927 collections of poems. During this period, Xu Zhimo's thought and life had a great turning point. 1924 In April, he met Lu Xiaoman and fell in love with her, which caused social criticism and family opposition. But they ignored all this, but it was difficult to solve at the moment. With very painful and contradictory feelings, Xu Zhimo set off for Europe on March 1925, 1 1, hoping to get rid of the distress and predicament in life for the time being. He lived in Florence, Italy for some time. He entrusted his sadness and feelings to paper and pen and wrote many poems. Therefore, this collection of poems was named One Night in the Green. Apart from the poems translated by British writers such as Hardy and Luo Saidi, this collection of poems also includes Siberia and In front of the church in Aikesha. He also wrote many love poems. The Night of Cold Jade can be regarded as a narrative of the emotional entanglement between him and Lu Xiaoman at that time, his warmth and the pain he couldn't get rid of. 1925 and 1926, the revolutionary movement in China flourished, and the May 30th Incident and the March 18th tragedy caused his "indignation" and "sadness". To commemorate March 18th, he wrote "Xue Mei in Spring", which revealed that warlords slaughtered innocent people and even thirteen-year-old children were killed. In the poems "Marshal" and "Man Becomes a Beast", the bloody crimes of burying wounded soldiers alive and killing people were exposed. His thought experienced "twists and turns" and "doubt and decadence", which he thought was a period of suffering. Therefore, many poems have lost their optimistic tone, but they are infected with a decadent color of melancholy, disappointment and escapism. He cursed life, praised death, bid farewell to the world and fell in love. Imagination is strange and thoughts are gloomy. Of course, there are also several poems with positive and clear tone in this collection of poems. This collection of poems, as Wen Yiduo said, "has really improved" in artistic skills. Pay more attention to the formal skills of poetry, except for more diversified poetic styles, such as dialogue style, rammed song style and dried tofu style; Whether it is narrative poetry or lyric poetry, he is fascinated by the syllables and rhythms of poetry.

Tiger and cloud tour

After Frozen Jade for One Night, Xu Zhimo also published two poems, one is Tiger Collection edited by himself and published by 193 1, and the other is Cloud Travel edited by others and published by 1932. Most of the poems included in these two collections are Xu Zhimo's later works. After 1927, Xu Zhimo's thought experienced "twists and turns", and his political ideal in a bourgeois democratic country was completely shattered. On the other hand, he felt fear and resistance to the workers' and peasants' revolution, and his thoughts fell into deep contradiction and despair. During this period, most of his poems were divorced from real life and expressed his own "subtle secrets of the soul". Some poems groan and are full of pessimism. Moreover, his ideological position is to oppose the progressive revolutionary trend, ignore the basic requirements of poetic art, move naked political concepts into poetry to attack Marxism and proletarian revolutionary literature movement, and rely on Nietzsche's philosophy to encourage himself when he is extremely disillusioned and desperate. In Tiger and Clouds, the content and form are not unified. Most poems are so vague and lacking in content, but they are increasingly pursuing neatness and formal beauty. No matter in the arrangement of poems, the loud rhyme, the clear rhythm and the careful use of words, it has changed and developed compared with previous poems. In this regard, Mao Dun has a very apt comment: "The mellow appearance is accompanied by almost nothing to say, and this extremely light content is nothing more than sentimental emotions-sadness like smoke, mysterious symbolic attachment and pursuit: these are the characteristics of modern bourgeois poets in the final stage of development, and Zhimo is an outstanding representative of China's literary world" (on Xu Zhimo).

Prose "Running Wild Horse"

Xu Zhimo not only writes poetry, but also writes prose. Among all his creations, his achievements and influence are more remarkable. Besides poetry, prose probably counts. Some people even think that his prose "Running Wild Horse" is better than his poems. Xu Zhimo has published three collections of essays, Leaves, Self-anatomy and Paris Scale, and a single essay, Autumn, with a total of 33 essays (there are still many in the collection). Except Autumn, which was written in 1929, most of the works in the other three episodes were completed between 1925 and 1926. His prose also covers a wide range, from comments on life ideals to comments on current politics. There are nostalgia and reminiscence for the past, as well as opinions and comments on art, sketches about one thing and one discussion, and book reviews that talk long and short. His prose shows a strong personality, the expression of his thoughts and feelings, the fusion of philosophy and poetry, and poetic prose, which are integrated into one, forming the "other world" of his prose. The first collection of essays, Fallen Leaves, was completed in the flood period of his creation, with eight articles in all, with different contents and different ways of expressing ideas. Talk about life, society, politics, and art … without restraint. The first article, Fallen Leaves, was 1924. During his tenure as a professor in Peking University, he gave a speech at the invitation of Beijing Normal University. He tried to answer the questions raised by young students about how to solve the boring and depressing life. The word "love" runs through the whole story of falling leaves returning to their roots, and promotes the importance and function of human feelings and "true human feelings" In order to make life painless, we have to "arouse the slightest sympathy of mankind" to repair the big net of this poor society. It is based on this bourgeois humanitarianism that Xu Zhimo believes in the infinite role of human feelings in the ontology of life and nature. He believes that if people want to get rid of the distress and oppression of the world, they must strive for a "real and pure personality" that develops freely. The best way is to live and bathe in nature. Therefore, some people say that his poem "Fallen Leaves" is full of romantic confessions and full of expectations for the Cambridge era. (Mu: On Xu Zhimo) Following Fallen Leaves, 1927 and 1928, Xu Zhimo published two collections of essays, The Scale of Paris and Self-anatomy. The contents of these two collections mainly focus on two aspects, writing what he saw and felt when he 1925 traveled abroad in Europe, dissecting and examining his own thoughts and soul. Therefore, both "self" and "feelings" are more prominent and exposed than Ye Ji. Scales and claws in Paris, gossip in Cuishanzhuang, notes on Cambridge and Tianmu Mountain as I know them, smoking and culture. , belongs to the category of lyrical prose writing scenery. Rich interest and fresh emotions gather at the end of the pen, which constitutes the lyrical characteristics of this kind of prose. Yu Dafu once attributed the * * feature of Xu Zhimo's prose written by the essayist to "the color of autobiographical biography" ("China New Literature Series? Introduction of two papers). Xu Zhimo's Self-dissection, the first part of the self-dissection series, consists of six chapters, most of which can be classified into this category. In these self-analysis essays, the author is open-minded and vivid in writing. However, his tone is low and his understanding is illusory. Some of Xu Zhimo's prose, like some of his philosophical poems, is full of philosophy and poetry, which makes philosophy and poetry blend together and constitutes another feature of his prose. While enjoying the beautiful scenery alone, the author has been promoting his own view that "human beings should return to nature and be integrated with nature". His class position and political views are obvious. Another remarkable feature of Xu Zhimo's prose art is that it is difficult to strictly distinguish many of his essays from poems. He sticks poetry and prose together, and it is difficult to separate them. This is his "prose of another poem of his own" (Zhao Jiabi: Zhi Mo for Flying). It is a poetic prose, or poetic prose. This tendency of Xu Zhimo's prose poems is a reflection of his impatience, which is caused by the shock and stagnation of his thoughts in the process of contacting social reality.

Fiction, drama and translation

In his creative career of nearly ten years, Xu Zhimo not only wrote poems and essays, but also created some novels and plays and engaged in translation. He first published his first novel "An unimportant memory" in February 1923, 1 1, and then wrote some * * * eleven articles intermittently, and then published an anthology called Roulette, which is his only anthology. His novels are nothing but about the life of overseas students in China and some social fashions abroad. At the same time, some of them are based on some aspects of China's social life, with limited subject matter and limited capacity. His novels mostly use romantic brushwork, paying attention to the exploration of characters' inner feelings and the depiction of psychological activities. In the novel, the author also uses the sentence pattern of poetry, the contrast of gorgeous images and lyrical style. Therefore, his works are romantic and lyrical, with the style of "absolutely gorgeous" (Shen Congwen: Roulette Preface). Some of his novels are too brief, close to sketching and not so "complete"; Some are just "straightforward, without twists and turns, with little change." It must be pointed out that most of his novels describe the common love between men and women, and rarely touch on the sharp problems of universal significance in the society at that time. Xu Zhimo also enthusiastically advocated drama activities. 1923 when the crescent society was founded, he actively organized drama activities, founded drama magazines, acted in plays, but rarely wrote plays. He only wrote one play, Bian Kungang, which was co-written with Lu Xiaoman. There is no big impact. In Xu Zhimo's literary career, translation is an important aspect, and his translation and creation are almost synchronous. He writes poems and translates them. He writes novels and essays, and also translates them. There are two short stories, Garden Club and Happiness, with more than 20 articles. Eight of them were selected and translated by Xu Zhimo, translated from Cambridge, England to Shanghai, China, and published by Shanghai Beixin Bookstore 1927. 1925, he translated Voltaire's novel "Gandide" and serialized it in the supplement. Published by Shanghai Beifang New Bookstore on June 1927, it is listed as one of the famous books in Europe and America. In August of the same year, he and Shen Xingren jointly translated the English writer James? The novel of the Sphinx Mary? Mary, also published by Shanghai Crescent Bookstore. In addition, he translated some poems and essays. Xu Zhimo's translation also has his preference. He said, "Except Mansfield is my favorite, the rest can be regarded as occasional translations." (Preface to Mary Mary)

"New Moon" activity

When people look at Xu Zhimo and his works, they will always think of the Crescent School. They regard him as the representative writer of the Crescent School and call him the "leader" of the Crescent School. This is because the formation and demise of the Crescent School are closely related to him, and he participated in the whole activities of the Crescent School. His works reflect the distinctive features of the Crescent School. It took about ten years from the establishment of Crescent Society to the gradual formation of a literary school-Crescent School, in which Xu Zhimo always played an important role. 1In the spring of 923, Xu Zhimo set up a club in Beijing to compile plays, hold annual meetings and lantern festivals on holidays, and recite poems and draw pictures. Out of interest in the Indian poet Tagore's New Moon, Xu Zhimo nominated the word "New Moon" as the name of the club, hence the name of the New Moon Club. Before 1925, Xu Zhimo not only wrote poems, but also contacted members of the crescent society to engage in drama activities. From June 65438, 0925 to June 65438, 0926, Xu Zhimo edited the Morning Supplement, and from April 65438, 0926 to April 65438, 0926, he founded the Morning Poetry Magazine. At this time, Wen Yiduo had returned from the United States and participated in the compilation of Poetry Magazine. Except for the third and fourth issues edited by Wen Yiduo and the fifth issue edited by Rao Mengkan, all the issues were edited by Xu Zhimo. Xu Zhimo also wrote Poetry Magazine and Poetry Magazine Holiday. The authors of Poetry Magazine are committed to creating China's new metrical poems and discussing the art of poetry. Therefore, the establishment of Morning Post Poetry Magazine marks the formation of a poetry school-Crescent Poetry School, whose purpose is to "make the content and form of poetry show the power of beauty and become a perfect art" (Yu: Zhi Mo Poetry). 1927 In the spring, due to political changes and other reasons, some members of Crescent Society gathered in Shanghai. At this time, Xu Zhimo also married Lu Xiaoman and moved to Shanghai. Xu Zhimo went out to visit relatives and friends, contacted Wen Yiduo, Hu Shi, Shao, Liang Shiqiu, Yu, Jiu and others, and founded Crescent Bookstore in Huanlong Mountain Villa, Huanlong Road, Shanghai. Hu Shi was the chairman, Yu Shangshen was the manager, and he was the successor for a long time. 1In March, 928, Xu Zhimo was a professor at Guanghua University, Soochow University and Daxia University, and at the same time founded the monthly New Moon. New Moon consists of four volumes and forty-three issues, ending on June 1933. It not only published the works of members of the Crescent School, but also published the works of writers with progressive ideological tendencies such as Yu Dafu, Ba Jin, Ding Ling and Hu Yepin. However, this is the late stage of the activities of the crescent school. Although the members were different in the later period, they became increasingly reactionary in terms of their overall political inclination. However, the crescent school is engaged in poetry creation, and it seems that this "main line" of studying new poetry has not been interrupted. 193111October 20th, Xu Zhimo, Chen, Shao, etc. Another quarterly magazine, Poetry Magazine, was published in four issues. 193 1 September, Chen started with Morning Poetry magazine, Crescent Magazine and Poetry Magazine. 193 1 1 On June 9, 2008, Xu Zhimo died of a plane crash, and the Crescent School was dominated by Liang Shiqiu and Hu Shi. 1June 30, 933 "New Moon" was published in four volumes and seven issues. To sum up, from the establishment of the Crescent Society to the formation of the Crescent School and its main activities (especially literary activities), Xu Zhimo played a leading role in it. He is indeed a representative of the crescent school, which has played a certain role in promoting and influencing the development of new poetry. However, they excessively pursue form and meter and go astray. In particular, there was a crisis in Xu Zhimo's later thought and creation. He lamented: "Year after year, the new moon looks round and the circle looks incomplete." ("Revelation of Love")1In June, 933, with the closure of the monthly magazine Crescent, the activities of the whole Crescent School were suspended.

[Edit this paragraph] Achievements of works

Poems include Farewell to Cambridge, Poems of Zhimo, Night in Kethleen, Tiger Collection, Wandering, and essays include Leaves, Scales of Paris, Autopsy, Autumn, Roulette, Cambridge as I Know It, Qiu Si in the Indian Ocean and Beidaihe. His works have been edited and published as Collected Works of Xu Zhimo. Xu Shi's poems are fresh, harmonious in rhythm, novel in metaphor, rich in imagination, beautiful in artistic conception, elegant in thought and full of changes. He pursues neatness and splendor in artistic form and has a distinct artistic personality. He is a representative poet of the Crescent School. His prose is also unique and has achieved no less achievements than poetry. Among them, Self-Anatomy, Want to Fly, Cambridge as I Know It and Chatting in Yushan Residence are all masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.

[Edit this paragraph] Marriage feelings

Tanabata is China's Valentine's Day. On the day when the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl met, a long-discussed wedding was held in 1926 Beijing Beihai Park.

With Zhang youyi.

19 15, the politician Zhang Junli proposed to his sister Zhang Youyi, and Xu Zhimo married a bride he had never met before. Zhang Youyi is dignified and kind, with the traditional feminine virtues of China. She respects her husband and in-laws, is virtuous and steady, and is good at housework. After marriage, I gave birth to two sons, who can teach each other.

Yu Lin Yin Hui

Lin Zhou toured Europe. During her stay in England, she met Xu Zhimo, who was studying in England at that time. At that time, Xu Zhimo was already the father of a two-year-old child. Xu Zhimo was attracted by Lin's outstanding talent and beauty, and pursued Lin hard, even though he divorced his first wife, Zhang Youyi. But after rational thinking, Lin returned home with his father ahead of time and left without saying goodbye to Zhimo ... Xu Zhimo wrote to Lin in his famous poem "Accidental": "I am a cloud in the sky/occasionally projected on your wave/you don't need to be surprised/don't need to be happy/suddenly disappeared/you and I met in the dark sea/you have yours/I have mine. This is the best confession of Xu Zhimo's feelings for Lin. Love at first sight, go your own way rationally. This is a kind of pure feeling that is difficult to understand in the secular world.

With Lu Xiaoman.

After returning from studying abroad, Xu Zhimo often gets together with his friend Wang Geng. Wang Geng's wife Lu Xiaoman had a great influence on Xu Zhimo. Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman met and fell in love in the communication field in Beijing. Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman lived a romantic and comfortable life in their newly married days, although Xu's father and mother were still dissatisfied with Lu Xiaoman. Only in the later period, due to Lu Xiaoman's illness, Xu Shenru's refusal to accept it, the erosion of opium and many other reasons, Lu Xiaoman became more and more careless, lazy and playful, and lost his passion in love. It seems that she is no longer a spiritual woman. She gets up after noon every day, gropes in the bathroom for an hour, and then eats. Painting, writing letters and receiving visitors in the afternoon. I spend most of the evening dancing, playing cards and going to the opera. In order to please his wife, Xu Zhimo indulged her blindly. Although Lu Xiaoman was often verbally warned euphemistically, it had little effect. Later, Xu Zhimo's father, Xu Shenru, was extremely dissatisfied with Lu Xiaoman and made a clean break with the couple economically. It is unrealistic for Xu Zhimo to take money from his father. Therefore, he will give lectures at Guanghua University, Soochow University and Daxia University at the same time, and write poems after school to earn money. Even so, it is not enough for Lu Xiaoman to squander. From 1929, Xu Zhimo resigned from Soochow University and Daxia University and continued to teach at Guanghua University. From 1930, he also taught at Nanjing Central University, and served as editor of Zhonghua Book Company and director of the Sino-British Cultural Foundation. Shanghai and Nanjing travel back and forth. 1In the autumn of 930, when Lu Xiaoman was 29 years old, Xu Zhimo simply resigned from his posts in Shanghai and Nanjing. At the invitation of Hu Shizhi, he became a professor in Peking University and Beijing Women's Normal University to make a living. 193 1 In the first half of the year, Xu Zhimo made eight trips between Shanghai and Beijing. At that time, the average annual salary was five yuan, while Xu Zhimo could earn several hundred dollars a year, but even so, it still could not satisfy Lu Xiaoman's extravagant expenses in the carnival.

Correlation evaluation

Xu Zhimo was an influential writer who was once active in China's literary world. His world outlook has no dominant ideology, or he is a "non-partisan poet" who transcends class. His thoughts, the appearance of his creation and his development trend all show that he is a bourgeois poet and a bourgeois writer. The development and changes of his thoughts and the different situations before and after his creation are related to the social and historical characteristics at that time. As the main poet of the Crescent School, Xu Zhimo has a certain influence on the development history of China's new poetry, and has made various experiments and explorations for the development of new poetry. His poetry has a distinctive and unique style and certain artistic skills. As a person of that era, Xu Zhimo did everything that an ordinary intellectual could do. While pursuing his happy life, he also thought deeply about the fate of the country. His marriage with Zhang Youyi was the misfortune of that era. His marriage with Lu Xiaoman was mixed with too much material utility, and the faint affection between him and Lin was the most embarrassing.

Xu zhimo's tomb

Xu Zhimo's cemetery has undergone three changes in history: the first time: Xu Zhimo's cemetery was originally in Wanshiwo, Agate Valley, Dongshan, and Hu Shizhi inscribed "The Tomb of the Poet Xu Zhimo". In the early years, this Xu Zhimo cemetery inscribed by Hu Shi disappeared in the turmoil. Second time: Xu Shenru, Xu Zhimo's father, thought that the tombstone inscribed by Mr. Hu Shi was too short, and invited Ling Shuhua, Xu Zhimo's confidante before his death, to write an inscription for Xu Zhimo again. Ling Shuhua readily agreed that her inscription was taken from Cao Xueqin's meaning of "Leng Yue buried the soul of flowers" and transformed into "Leng Yue reflected the soul of poetry". This tombstone was also lost in the turmoil. The third time: Xu Zhimo's cemetery has been destroyed because of the turmoil. In order to commemorate it, people in their hometown moved Xu Zhimo's cemetery to Baishui Spring at the northern foot of Xishan Mountain with government funds. Xu Zhimo's cousin, a famous architect, and Professor Chen Congzhou of Tongji University designed and wrote The Moving Tomb. The Xishan cemetery is classical and elegant, with white stones on the floor, bluestone as the steps, and a semi-circular tomb platform like a crescent moon, which means "crescent moon school" in the poem. Tombstone vicissitudes of life, Haining calligrapher and former president of Xiling Printing Society, Mr. Zhang Zongxiang added an inscription according to the original text of Hu Shizhi. On both sides of the tombstone is a book-shaped sculpture made of white stone, engraved with famous sentences such as Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge.

/view/ 14 176.htm