A paper generally consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, text, references and appendices, some of which (such as appendices) are dispensable.

The term common topic in classical literature refers to conversation or exchange of ideas. Nowadays, papers are often used to refer to articles that conduct research in various academic fields and describe academic research results, which are referred to as papers for short.

It is not only a means to discuss problems in academic research, but also a tool to describe academic research results in academic exchanges. Including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers and so on.