1. Let's take a look at the description of literary master Yu in "Notes on Investigation in Guizhou 2-Answering with Beauty":
" ......
The Biography of the Yellow Emperor reads: "The Yellow Emperor cut Chiyou, and Xuan Nv shook the drum for the royal yak for 80 miles, shaking it for 3,800 miles." Of course, the mileage mentioned here is not without exaggeration, and it is difficult to be sure that it is a historical fact, but it is conceivable that the war was extremely large in scale, extremely wide in area and galloping thousands of miles.
Chiyou was finally defeated, captured and killed, and the scene was spectacular. Moreover, this spectacular scene also occupies a vast space.
According to "Notes on Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Nan Jing Zheng Xuan", Chiyou was captured by the Yellow Emperor, put on the shackles of wooden instruments of torture (the part that locks the feet and the part that locks the hands), and was escorted from Zhuolu County in northern Hebei Province to Yuncheng area in southwest Shanxi Province today. This road is very long, running through a part of Hebei province and most of Shanxi province, nearly 2000 miles. Chiyou's hands and feet were worn out by the shackles, and the shackles were permeated with blood.
Why long-distance escort? In order to show the public, in order to turn around.
The destination is now a place in the south of Yuncheng County, at the northern foot of Zhongtiao Mountain, where Chiyou was executed. The execution method was "decapitation", so this place was later called "Xiezhou" for a long time.
After Chiyou was killed, the fetters were taken off by the executioner and abandoned by Shan Ye. This pair of shackles was covered with blood during the long-distance escort, and now it is even more bloody. It quickly took root and sprouted in abandoned Shan Ye, and grew into a maple tree, just like blood and fire.
Since then, more magnificent legends have appeared.
Where Chiyou fell, a lake appeared. The lake is salty and bloody. Shen Kuo, a scientist in Song Dynasty, wrote Meng Xi's Bi Tan;
120 miles away in Xiezhou Salt Lake, it rained for a long time, and the water in four mountains was noticed, but it didn't overflow. The drought never stopped. The halogen color is red, and Hanquan is called "Human-God Blood".
Even if it is just a legend produced by coincidence, it is also a magnificent mountain and river.
After the death of Chiyou, the body traveled thousands of miles again and was transported to the north bank of the Yellow River in Luxi, where Jiuli people lived together. Why is there such a long funeral? One view is still to show it to the public to quell the rumor that Chiyou is immortal. Another way of saying it is that the Yellow Emperor kindly buried his opponent in his native land. However, no matter how kind it is, it still doesn't eliminate the fear. Chiyou's head and body are buried separately, and the distance between the two places is not small.
For this, Chiyou is obviously a little angry in the spirit of heaven. It is recorded in Landi Tomb that the Tomb of Chiyou is located in Kanxiang Town, Shouzhang County, Dongping County, with a height of seven feet. People often worship it in October. It is like a crimson silk, and people call it "Chiyou Banner". Since then, even astronomical science has had the name of "Chiyou Banner", which refers to a cloud with yellow on the top and white on the bottom. There is such a record in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals.
You see, Chiyou has turned anger into clouds, and even heaven and earth have to look at each other differently.
There is a record about that war that moved me even more. That day, the Yellow Emperor's army surrounded Chiyou, pulled him off his horse, locked him in chains, and Chiyou opened the reins of his war horse for the last time. This is a farewell between a war general and his real comrades. According to the "Imperial Century", there is a magnificent place name here, called "The Wild of the Absolute Heap". I once read a passage about this place name written by the historian Mr. Song Lin in the Journal of History in Taiwan Province Province. It seems a little abrupt that this passage appears in a historical paper, but I understand Mr. Song Lin's uncontrollable mood. He wrote:
Never, cut off the reins, a fierce war horse that once carried Chiyou across the world wandered in the deep red wasteland full of blood and remains, and wailed in the cold and bloody wilderness with a long cry under the copper blue sky.
The First World War in the history of China's 5,000-year civilization ended.
In the face of the mighty spirit of ancient times, even the most rigorous scholars have to use the mighty pen. In that crimson wilderness, history, legend and literature can't distinguish the boundaries.
four
I asked two young girls in Xijiang Miao Village: "You said they are descendants of Chiyou. How did you come? "
This is an interesting question and I didn't expect to answer it. I don't think they can answer.
Unexpectedly, they actually replied: "I was defeated and fled all the way." Flee from the Yellow River valley to the Yangtze River valley, and then escape here. The officers and men of the imperial court chased after us, and our people fled less and less, that's all. "
Say that finish is a burst of laughter. Telling such a cruel history with such a relaxed expression aroused my great interest. I further asked: "The official history books do not record the exact historical facts that descendants of Chiyou migrated here. Can you provide some evidence? "
"Yes," they are still so happy: "We have a Miao epic called Song of the Maple Tree, which says that Jiang Yang, the ancestor of the Miao nationality, was born from the maple tree. We worship maple trees here for generations and are not allowed to cut them down. Do you know that maple trees are the shackles of Chiyou? "
I was so shocked that I even said "I know". Immediately, a touching scene of the Yellow River changing from shackles to maples came to my mind.
They are still saying: "The imperial court didn't catch up with us and couldn't write it; Miao people have no words, so they can't remember them. We just need to remember the maple tree, and that is history. "
After breaking up with them, I walked on the stone steps of Xijiang Miao Village and felt that our familiar written history really left too much important content. You see, even the earliest history of Chinese civilization has left only a small part.
...... "It can be seen from the elusive account that after the failure of Chiyou, his subordinate Jiuli was reorganized by the Yellow Emperor on a large scale, which was roughly divided into two categories: good and evil." Kindness "moved to the land of Zoulu, which is the southern part of Shandong Province today, and later became the hometown of Confucius and Mencius;" The "evil class" was exiled to the north, which is said to be related to the later Huns. No matter "good" or "evil", after Jiuli, I remember that I am "CoCo Lee". We used to call it "subaltern" later, which is also related to this.
Therefore, not all Chiyou's subordinates fled south, but a large part of them were merged into the Yellow Emperor tribe. And the descendants of the Yellow Emperor also intermarried with the descendants of Chiyou. The descendants of the Yellow Emperor are male, and the descendants of Chiyou are female, which is a stunning beauty. It can be seen that Chiyou is not only a demon, but also a handsome gene.
But under the banner of Chiyou Hunting War, there are indeed unyielding groups. They advocate brave struggle, safeguard the pride of the descendants of losers, shoulder the mission of ancestor worship, and do not hesitate to fight against those in power. The "Sanmiao" tribe, which fought against the Yao team in Danjiang in history, claimed to be the "Queen of Jiuli" in Chiyou, and may be the ancestors of the Miao nationality.
Sanmiao couldn't beat Yao, and was once recruited by Yao, but he always resisted. Yao exiled them to the three-dimensional mountain in Dunhuang, which is recorded in the Record of the Five Emperors. Xiang Dou, the leader of Sanmiao, was exiled to Chongshan, southwest of Dayong City, Hunan Province today, which belongs to Wuling Mountain area.
Later, Yu and Sanmiao fought a big battle for 70 days. The defeat of Sanmiao will go down in history forever.
Nations that have never been seen in history are more mysterious. Professor Su believes that Qu Yuan's "national mourning" is a description of offering sacrifices to the headless god of war, Chi You. Although I think there is still a lack of more data to prove it, I feel very excited to think about it.
Of course, such unyielding men and women cannot be tolerated by any court. If, as mentioned above, a group of Jiuli people were exiled to the north and joined the ranks of Xiongnu, then the Han Dynasty, which had been an enemy of Xiongnu for a long time, might have found some relationship between its opponent and Chiyou, thus further denouncing the image of Chiyou and pursuing Xiongnu who fled south. Did the Xiongnu who fled south meet Sanmiao who settled in Hunan? We don't know, but it can be roughly judged that in the Han Dynasty, some people of Sanmiao entered Guizhou and Yunnan.
Historians Zhang Taiyan and Mr. Lv Simian once thought that Sanmiao in ancient times may not be the Miao people today. I know they haven't found enough written records. However, it is really difficult to find such records for a long time without words. I think that if Mr. Zhang Taiyan and Mr. Lv Simian go to Xijiang Miao Village, listen to the epic handed down from generation to generation and look at the deified maple trees, they may change their views a little.
five
Of course, what is more important is the frank confirmation of the young people here to their ancestors. This is tantamount to confirming the heavy notoriety of thousands of years and the gradual collapse of Wan Li. This kind of confirmation is also a kind of commitment, which is more or less contemptuous and mocking, and more or less guarded and peeped.
This kind of confirmation and commitment has long been the will of history for them. They can't be classic books, famous mountains in Tibet, but they can only be confirmed without missing a link and can continue to bear it today. Whether on the desert highway or on the battlefield in blood shed, they will read a sentence at a critical moment: "We are the descendants of Chiyou!"
"We are descendants of Chiyou!"
"We are descendants of Chiyou!"
……
This is the secret language of life for countless nights. They simply forget what injustice is, and they don't know who they need to defend their ancestors. The whole defense is in this sentence, just for the continued survival of our nation.
Finally, the night has passed and the secret language can be made public in broad daylight.
After thousands of years of distillation, there is no trace of resentment, no anger of seeking revenge, no interest in complaining, and no reason to complain.
To our surprise, the offspring in broad daylight are so beautiful.
Isn't it just to survive in the dark for thousands of years? What you get in the end is not "survival", but "beautiful survival".
That sentence rang in my ear again, but it was a cheerful voice: "We are descendants of Chiyou!" " "
I think Chiyou has won a great victory at this moment, and the victory lies between the lips and teeth of the girls in Xijiang Miao Village.
This victory completely changed the logic of winning and losing between all historical texts.
They answered everything with beauty.
......"
It is not difficult to see from the above words that Chiyou is the ancestor of Miao nationality! But who is Chiyou? Let's take a look at the data of Chiyou:
2. Chiyou
The chief of the ancient Jiuli tribe was the god of war in China mythology. Originally a vassal of Yandi, after Yandi was defeated by Huangdi, Chiyou led 8 1 brothers, dispatched troops to compete with Huangdi for heaven, and launched a fierce battle in Zhuolu. Chiyou was killed by the Yellow Emperor, beheaded and buried, and his head turned into a blood maple forest. After the Yellow Emperor, Chiyou was honored as the "Lord of Soldiers", that is, the God of War. His brave image is still frightening. The Yellow Emperor painted his image on the military flag to encourage his army to fight bravely. When the ministers saw Chiyou, they surrendered without fighting. Later, in order to praise the Yellow Emperor, people vilified Chiyou and regarded him as a demon and an evil god.
Chiyou is the name of an agricultural tribe.
"The Arowana Map" says: "The Yellow Emperor is the Regent, and eighty-one brothers are Chiyou. Animals talk to people, eating sand and stones, and fighting with swords, halberds and crossbows to build the army, making the world powerful and killing people heartless. Everyone wants the Yellow Emperor to do the right thing. Huangdi can't forbid Chiyou with benevolence and righteousness, but he can only sigh. Xuan Nv was sent by heaven to give the soldiers of the Yellow Emperor faith in the charm and subdue Chiyou. The emperor made it the main soldier to control all directions. After the death of Chiyou, the world will be in chaos. The Yellow Emperor then painted the image of Chiyou to dominate the world. The power of the world means that Chiyou will not die, and all countries in all directions will take it. "
According to Records of the Five Emperors, the era of Chiyou's life coincided with the decline of Shennong.
Shennong is a clan whose agricultural production tools were abandoned in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the history of the Chinese nation. "Yi copula" note: "Shennong's work, wood for the coffin, wood for the thunder. The advantage of squatting is to teach the world. " Since then, in the land of China, many ethnic groups whose main lifestyle is hunting and gathering have turned to agriculture as their main mode of production. For example, "White Tiger Yi Tong" records: "People in ancient times all ate animal meat. As for Shennong, there are many people and not enough livestock, so Shennong teaches people to farm because of its time and place. God makes it suitable for the people, so it is called Shennong. " This is a memory of the history of carnivorous hunting groups turning to agricultural production. Another example is "Huai Nan Zi Xiu Wu Xun": "In ancient times, people drank the water of grass, gathered the fruits of vegetation and ate the meat of snails and mussels, and were often infected with diseases. So Shennong began to teach the people to sow grain. " This is also the historical memory of people collecting and storing fruits and snail meat as staple food and turning to agricultural production.
Lei Lei's invention was a great leap forward in the productivity of primitive society in China, which laid the foundation of primitive agriculture in China and led to the emergence of a new historical era, namely "Shennong World". Shennong is honored as the "agricultural emperor", also known as "Dihuang". "Book of History, Volume 4" said: "Shennong is also an agricultural emperor. ..... Shennong, based on the discipline of the land, knows the fertility of the land and the sparseness of the valley, so he entrusted the agricultural emperor to the land. " It means that the essence of his merits lies in exerting soil fertility, which is commonly known as "rehmannia glutinosa".
"In Shennong's world, I lived in the house when I was lying down. I knew my mother at first, but I didn't know my father. With elk, I plow and eat, weave and dress, and have no intention of harming each other. "
It is a turning point in history from "the world of Shennong", which is honored as "the agricultural emperor", to "the decline of Shennong", which is called "the emperor of Yan".
Chiyou was active in the historical stage, that is, the period of "Shennong decline" and "Yan Di". At that time, there were many tribes, and each tribe relied on its own economic strength and force to fight against each other, and no longer obeyed the constraints of Shennong, the leader of the tribal alliance. The tribal alliance was naturally formed because of the merits of inventing Lei.
The Relationship between Chiyou, Yan Di and Huangdi
Chiyou has ethnic relations with Emperor Yan. "Biography of Chiyou" said: "Chiyou is surnamed Jiang and is also a descendant of Emperor Yan".
Yandi and Chiyou were both developed by Shennong, and both belonged to the Irrigation Union of the Ministry of Agriculture. The direct descendant of Shennong is called because of the great achievements of his ancestor Shennong in inventing thunder. Emperor Yan and Emperor Shennong belong to two different historical stages, so Historical Records lists Shennong and Emperor Yan in turn when quoting the closing ceremony of Zen Buddhism. Records of the Five Emperors describes Shennong and Yan Di very closely, but does not specify their relationship. "Emperor Century" said: "The contribution of Shennong is Yan Emperor", and the relationship between them has been noticed. Hanshu, which shows the harmony between ancient and modern people, was called "Shennong" by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Shennong.
Chiyou tribe is the most powerful of a group of farming tribes developed from Shennong. The reasons for its strength are: first, it is beneficial to its local salt; Second, in the production process of boiling salt, the invention of smelting metal and making weapons.
"Meng Qian's pen talks about two volumes and three volumes" Note: "Xiezhou Salt Ze, in terms of twenty miles. Long rain, the water of four mountains, is noted in it and will never flood; The drought has not disappeared. Halogen is red, under the spring, commonly known as human-god blood. "
"Guan Di Zi Shu pian" said: "The mountain of Gru rises and the water comes out, followed by gold, and Chiyou is thus formed. He thinks that swords, spears and halberds are nine princes, all young and old. When the mountain of the fox comes out of the water, gold will follow, and Chiyou will let it go. He thinks that Ji of the fox Riggs is a 20-year-old warlord. The specific reference of "Mountain of Gru" and "Mountain of Hu Yong" has not been verified. Its location will not be too far away from today's Yuncheng city. Or in its place. " "Gold" refers to metal in general, not limited to gold.
Sanmenxia City, Henan Province, which is adjacent to Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, is also the settlement center of agricultural tribes. Thousands of years later, there are still descendants of Shennong here.
According to historical records, the Chiyou tribe became the most powerful tribe in the farming tribe alliance headed by Emperor Yan because of the benefits of salt ponds and the method of metal smelting. Both Chiyou and Yandi are descendants of Shennong. The outstanding one is Yan Di, and the unsuccessful one is Chiyou.
For example, Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Bei Jing says: "Chiyou is the soldier who attacked the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor ordered Ying Long to attack the wild land of Jizhou. Livestock in Ying Long drink water. Chiyou asked Fengbo Rain God to make a big storm. Emperor Huangdi said that when the rain stopped, he killed Chiyou. Fengbo Rain Master is a wizard who is good at farming and meteorology of Chiyou tribe. Later, he became an agricultural meteorological god, and he set up a temple. He/kloc-gave a speech at the age of 0/8. " Han Feizi's Ten Years of Han Feizi said: "In the past, the Yellow Emperor put ghosts and gods on Mount Tai ... Chiyou was in front, Fengbo swept in, and the rain teacher sprinkled the road", which reflected the close relationship between the rain teacher in Fengbo and the Chiyou tribe, because the harvest department of agricultural tribes could not be separated from good weather.
The result of Chiyou's defeat was captured and killed by the Yellow Emperor, which is recorded in history books, Yizhoushu and Shanhaijing. "Dragon Fish River Map" said: "The Yellow Emperor subdued Chiyou, and the Emperor made him the main soldier, ruling all directions." In the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a folk custom of paying homage to the shrine with Chiyou as the main soldier. As a result, Qin Shihuang's eastward expedition, Liu Bang of Emperor Gaozu set out from the folk ritual hall to kill you, which is contained in Historical Records, Closed Sutra, Historical Records and Biographies of Emperor Gaozu.
Chiyou was originally another name for the agricultural tribe, which is not only another name for the tribal chief, but also another name for all members of the tribe. The first chieftain of Chiyou tribe was called Chiyou, and the second chieftain was also called Chiyou. The first generation tribe members are called Chiyou, and the second generation tribe members are still called Chiyou. Just like the actual connotation of rumors such as "Five Emperors Rites" and "Three Hundred Years of the Yellow Emperor". Putting the post-war relationship between the Yellow Emperor and Chiyou into the historical background of primitive tribal wars, we can understand that killing is inevitable and it is impossible to kill them all. In the end, the defeated tribes can only live in their original state under the condition of submission.
Descendants of Chiyou
Records of settlements (so-called "cities" in later generations), tombs, shrines and other relics were left in the places where the Chiyou tribe lived. Tracing back to these relics, we can see the areas where the Chiyou tribe lived, thus revealing the clues of their descendants.
The record of Chiyou City can be found in Zhuoshui Tiao Ji (13 volumes of Shuijing Notes): "Zhuoshui comes out of Zhuolu Mountain, known as Zhanggongquan in the world, and the northeast flows through Zhuolu County, so it is south of the city ..." Wei Tuji said that there is Chiyou City six miles southeast of Zhuolu City. The spring is deep and does not flow, and the rain flows sideways to Han Spring. He also quoted Jin Taikang Geography as saying: "Hanquan is also a place name. The spring water flows northeast and meets Chiyou Spring, and the water flows out of Chiyou City, and the city has no east. " So Zhuolu is now in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province. Turbid water remains to be tested. Chiyou Spring is in Zhuolu County today. Hanquan is in Yanqing County, Beijing today. Xin 'an County has Chiyou House.
"Taiping Universe, Hedong Road Seven" objectively exists in yi county: "Chiyou City is eighteen miles south of the county seat ... its city was destroyed today". Therefore, Anyi County is under the jurisdiction of Anyi Town, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province.
The record of the tomb of Chiyou can be found in the Notes of the Emperor's Tomb: "The tomb of Chiyou is seven feet high. In Kanxiang Town, Shouzhang County, Dongping, people often worship it in October. There is crimson and silky air, which people call Chiyou Banner. Shoulder burial is reunited in Juye county, Shanyang, with the same size as the burial. During the Three Kingdoms period, Dongping Shouzhang County and Yanggu Shouzhang County belonged to Jin. Yangshan Juye County is located in Juye County, Shandong Province.
The records of Chiyou Temple can be found in Historical Records of Zen Forest. Qin Shihuang toured the east, sealed Mount Tai, meditated on Fu Liang, and held a ceremony in Ba Shen. In Ba Shen, "Lord of the three armed forces, the shrine is Chiyou. Chiyou is in the township, belonging to Dongping, and the western boundary of Qi is also ". Dongping county, Shandong province, is now its old governance. In addition, the article recorded in Hanshu Geography East Shouliang (Zhang [9]): "Chiyou Temple is in the northwest of (Su) [10], and there is a city". When he was in Handong County, "Huangdi Chiyou was in Peiting". Pei County in Qin Dynasty was ruled by Pei County in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Pei County faces Shandong across Weishan Lake to the east.
There is a saying in "Yi Taste Mai Jie" that "Chiyou's life is good". "Yu" is interpreted as "fate" here. In the house, the eaves are space, and in the country, it is space. This means that the Chiyou tribe was once arranged to live on the border of the Shao Hao tribe. At that time, Shao Hao tribes lived in Qufu as the center. "Zuo Zhuan Er Ding Four Years" Du Pre-notes: "Market, Qufu is also in Lucheng". Chiyou is in the west of Shao Hao.
"Historical Records, Biography of Huo Zhi, Volume I" said: "There is no need to sacrifice human-god in the villages of Taiyuan." He also said that "during the Hanwu period, there was a God of Chiyou in Taiyuan ... and its custom was to build a shrine". He said, "There is a famous Chiyou opera in Jizhou today, with people in twos and threes and horns on their heads. Han made a corner to cover his legacy. " During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Taiyuan County belonged to the state of Bing, the first county of Jinyang, and ruled Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Jizhou in Han Dynasty was located in the south of Hebei, the south of Shanxi and the north of the Yellow River in Henan Province.
According to the above records, the remains, customs and legends about Chiyou, which lasted for thousands of years, were captured in the Qin and Han Dynasties and are still preserved among the people with strong colors. In the vast area from Zhuolu, Hebei Province in the north, Yuncheng, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province in the west, Dongping, Shandong Province in the east, and Pei County, Jiangsu Province in the south, the custom of killing people in the ritual temple has been enduring for a long time. According to the ancient custom of "people don't worship non-ethnic groups", there must be a large number of descendants of Chiyou in these areas, which can form and maintain the social conditions for worshipping Chiyou folk customs. In the Han Dynasty, these areas were the political, economic and cultural centers of the Han nationality. Undoubtedly, quite a few descendants of Chiyou became members of the Han nationality.
Descendants of Chiyou were found among those registered, including the Tu family of Zou. Wang Jia's "Notes" records: "Xuanyuan's plan to Chiyou moved his people to the land of Zoutu and his people to their hometown in the north. First named after the earth, then divided into Zou's Tu's ". Zou Tushi is now a common surname of Han nationality.
"Hometown of the North" refers to the cold and barren land in the North, which is found in the poem Xiaoya Xiang Bo. It is also well known that "the north is too cold and has no soil, no vegetation, and it is cold and frozen." It shows that some descendants of Chiyou were moved to the north. Mongolian scholar Tao Ketao wrote The Spring and Autumn Period of Felt Country-Xiongnu, and thought that Chiyou was the title of Xiongnu in the legendary era. There was enmity in ancient times, and In 457 Bc was destroyed by Zhi Bo of the State of Jin. "Historical Records Biography of Li Zicheng" Note: "Zhi Bo's revenge is still wide, because of the subsequent use of troops, revenge is still dead." Today, there is a site that hates Jewish countries in the northeast of Yuxian County, Shanxi Province. Resentment near Chiyou, its country may be built by descendants of Chiyou.
The descendants of Chiyou tribe who moved south are unknown, but they have a good reputation. The Miao epic "Feng Ge" in Qiandongnan says that Jiang Yang (Yan), the ancestor of Miao nationality, was born from the heart of a maple tree. Miao scholars contact Shan Hai Jing Nan Jing and record: "Those who live in Songshan Mountain and those who live in Mushan Mountain are called maple trees. The maple abandoned by Chiyou is called maple. Prove that the Miao people are descendants of Chiyou [12]. " "A Brief History of Miao Nationality" contains: "Chiyou Temple in south Sichuan and northwest Guizhou is worshipped by Miao nationality". The legend that the ancestors of Miao nationality were born from maple trees is of symbolic significance to the near-reincarnation of Chiyou.
Shang Xing compared Chiyou with Miao people: "Chiyou only launched a rebellion and extended it to civilians. Don't blame the thief, the thief is arrogant. Miao people use spirits to make punishment. " Accusing the Miao people of following the habit of Chiyou. Today, Buyi people still call Miao "Buyi". The Buyi nationality "cloth" means "person" or "clan". In the Temple Law, the restrictive component is after the central component, and "walking" means "you" and can also be recorded as "you". Consistent with what he said about the Chiyou tribe.
In the first century, the tea town of Changsha, including Emperor Yan Shennong, collapsed and was buried. Tea Town is now Chaling County, Hunan Province, on the west side of Luo Xiao Mountain at the junction of Hunan and Jiangxi. The residence of the three ancient Miao people is also between Hunan and Jiangxi. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Wuqi, "There were three seedlings in ancient times, Dongting on the left and Peng Li on the right". Dongting Lake is today's Dongting Lake, and Peng Li is today's Poyang Lake. Therefore, Sanmiao is probably a nomadic farming tribe group developed from the descendants of Shennong or Chiyou (an agricultural tribe). There is a legendary history of Miao people's long-distance migration. This is inseparable from its long-term maintenance of farming economy. Of course, there are also political and social reasons.
The Miao Ancient Songs excavated in a remote Miao fortress in Rongjiang solved the eternal mystery of Wang Miao Temple in the western hills of Rongjiang, and explained and confirmed that the ancestor statue enshrined in Wang Miao Temple was Chiyou, one of the three great ancestors of the Chinese nation.
Chiyou is one of the great founders of ancient civilization in China.
History is the foundation and premise of reality, and reality is the starting point of future development. China's modern civilization developed from China's ancient civilization and was the result of inheriting and developing China's ancient civilization. In ancient China during the period of Huangdi, Huangdi and Yan Di made important contributions to the ancient civilization of China, and Chiyou also made important contributions to the ancient civilization of China, and was one of the great founders of the ancient civilization of China.
First, Chiyou has made important contributions to material civilization. At that time, the Jiuli Tribal Alliance was commanded by Chiyou and lived in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. That is a tribe that grew up facing the Haihe River. It was the most powerful of the three tribal alliances at that time, and the material civilization had a great development. With the help of local geography, climate, water resources and other superior conditions, they invented grain cultivation, which has begun to develop from gathering, fishing, animal husbandry and nomadism to agriculture. This is a great progress of history and civilization and a great contribution to ancient civilization. Grain planting needs seedling raising, transplanting and seedling strengthening. It is also for this reason that people later named the descendants of Chiyou "Miao" with the word "Miao". At the same time, they were able to make more exquisite pottery and handicrafts began to develop. This is also a great contribution to Chinese civilization.
Second, Chiyou invented metal smelting and the manufacture of metal weapons. "Shi Mu Zuo Pian" said that Chiyou "used gold as a weapon". Jian Bozan wrote: "According to legend, Chiyou' used gold as a weapon' and was the earliest inventor of metal smelting." [15] I think Chiyou Buling was the earliest inventor of metal smelting and metal weapon manufacturing. The Book of Guan Di Zi says: Chiyou can make "swords, armour, spears and halberds" by using gold as a soldier. Historical Records of the Five Emperors quoted the Dragon Fish River as saying: "The Yellow Emperor was the regent, and there were eighty-one Chiyou brothers", "The bronze head and iron forehead" and "The staff, dagger and crossbow are famous all over the world". The history books also say that the earliest inventor Chiyou can make great contributions to the ancient civilization of China. The appearance of smelting industry is of epoch-making significance. Since then, mankind has entered the era of using metal tools, marking a new leap in the productivity of primitive society.
Third, Chiyou was the first creator and executor to establish laws and regulations and implement the legal system. In ancient China, Chiyou initiated laws and implemented criminal law to preserve discipline. "A Journey to Zhou Shu" said: "Killing Miao Chiyou" is a strong evidence. After Chiyou was captured and killed, The Biography of Lu Chiyou said: "Later saints respected Yi and thought it was greedy." Luo Ping pointed out: "The astronomical symbols of the God of Human-God are not very common. It's a three-generation Yi ware, and I have the image of Chiyou. For the greed of the abuser. " Volume 79 of "Taiping Yulan" quoted "Dragon Fish River Map" as saying: "After the spirit disappeared, the world was in chaos again, and the Yellow Emperor painted the image of Chiyou to dominate the world. In a salty world, Chiyou never dies. All countries in all directions are embarrassed. " This also shows that Chiyou has established a majestic image through strict implementation of the legal system and has had a far-reaching impact. At the same time, Zheng Xuan pointed out: "Miao people are also of Jiuli descent." "Punish human-god severely in order to become Miao people." This also shows that Chiyou is the initiator and executor of criminal law. There are also historical data that weapons and criminal law were invented by Chiyou, and were later imitated by the Huangdi tribe. It can be seen that Chiyou is the founder of ancient legal system in China.
Chiyou was indeed the great founder of ancient civilization in China.
The above facts show that Chiyou is the master of the Central Plains, so where did the Yellow Emperor come from?
3. Where is the Yellow Emperor from?
Birthplace of Huangdi:
Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records records: "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan, and the Yellow Emperor lives in the hill of Xuanyuan". As for the specific place of birth, there is no unified view in the history circle. In ancient times, it was the capital of the bear country, and its father was the monarch of the bear country, but some people thought it was somewhere else.
The Yellow Emperor was born on the second day of the second lunar month in China's northwest Loess Plateau, in the Longjiang Gorge of Juyuan Pass. According to legend, the mother of the Yellow Emperor was a girl on the Loess Plateau. One evening (or night), she suddenly saw the Northern Lights, and then she got pregnant and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor.
From the above information, we can know that the Yellow Emperor is not from the Central Plains! But nomadic tribes in the northwest!
So! The oldest inhabitants of the Central Plains are Miao people, and a large part of the later Han people were also transformed from Miao people!
Miao people living in the southwest are descendants of a group of Chiyou tribes who have been fighting invaders in the Central Plains since ancient times!
After the defeat of the Miao nationality in the Battle of Deer, the later countries were "Sanmiao State" in Dayu period and "Chu State" in Shang and Zhou dynasties. After the defeat of Qin State, part of Chu State was merged into the "invaders" again, and the rest retreated to western Hubei, western Hunan, Guizhou, Chongqing and other places, forming the Miao people in those areas!
No matter from the victory of the battle between the Yellow Emperor and the Qin Dynasty, it is not difficult to see that every time it ends with the victory of the ethnic minorities in the western regions in the Central Plains!
Later, in the Han Dynasty, all ethnic groups merged into the present Han nationality! Became the master of the Central Plains!
However, it is undeniable that the Miao nationality is indeed the earliest master of the Central Plains!